Combined study

DNA

?????contains the sugar deoxyribose

A term that means "toward the attached end of a limb" is __________.

proximal

What is the permeability barrier that joins the plasma membranes of adjacent cells to form a tight seal?

tight junction

Touch receptors of the skin are located in all of these areas, except

within the hair of the dermis and epidermis

Phospholipids have a hydrophilic end which is

polar and water soluble

Hydrogen bonds form between molecules containing _________ bonds; the hydrogen bond is between a hydrogen atomof one molecule and a partially_________ charged atom of another.

polar covalent;

Which type of cell forms bone?

osteoblast

hyaline cartilage

- Lines the surface of moveable joints - provides a low friction surface - holds open passages so we can breathe

Select all that result in tissues as a result of aging.

- Loss of elasticity - Loss of flexibility - Increase of number of neurons and muscle cells

Match the structure, location, or function with the appropriate type of muscle tissue. -attached to bone - uninucleate striated branched cells - uninucleate cells have tapered ends - moves food through digestive tract - moves the body - hollow organs and blood vessels - long multinucleated fibers - pumps blood 1. Cardiac 2. Skeletal 3. smooth

- Skeletal muscle - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle - smooth muscle - skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - skeletal muscle - cardiac muscle

areolar tissue

- forms membrane of basement epithelia - found in the tissues that hold muscles together - forms the serous membrane of the lungs

elastic cartilage

- forms pinna of the ear - allows structures to stretch and return to its original shape

Fibrocartilage

- found in intervertebral discs - absorbs compressive forces in the spine

Which of the following are cells found in nervous tissue?

- neurons - astrocytes - Schwann cells

An eight-year-old boy fell off his bike and skinned his elbow. Place, in proper order, the steps of repair for healing the skin wound. - A clot forms. - A scab forms on the surface of the skin; epithelial tissue grows in the wound. - Connective tissue replaces granulation tissue. - Fibroblasts form granulation tissue.

1. A clot forms. 2. A scab forms on the surface of the skin; epithelial tissue grows in the wound. 3. Fibroblasts form granulation tissue. 4. Connective tissue replaces granulation tissue.

Match the embryonic germ layer with the correct adult structure derived from it. 1. Lining of the digestive tract 2. Muscle 3. Bone 4. Blood vessels 5. Skin 6. Nervous system

1. Endoderm 2. Mesoderm 3. Mesoderm 4. Mesoderm 5. Ectoderm 6. Ectoderm

Match the connective tissue example with its connective tissue class. 1. Blood 2. Loose and dense connective tissue 3. Cartilage and bone - Fluid connective tissue - Supporting connective tissue - Connective tissue proper

1. Fluid connective tissue 2. Connective tissue proper 3. Supporting connective tissue

Match regeneration ability with the correct cells. 1. Divide throughout life 2. Liver and pancreatic cells 3. Most neurons and cardiac -4. Permanent cells Do not divide after their growth stops, but can divide in response to injury 5. Very limited ability to replicate and if killed are usually replaced by other cell types 6. Adult stem cells

1. Labile Cells 2. Stable Cells 3. Permanent Cells 4. Stable Cells 5. Permanent Cells 6. Labile Cells

Correctly order the following events that occur during inflammation. - Chemical mediators cause capillaries to dilate and the skin to become red. - Tissue damage occurs and bacteria are introduced. - Chemical mediators of inflammation are released or activated in injured tissues and adjacent blood vessels. - White blood cells leave the dilated blood vessels and move to the site of bacterial infection. - Fluid leaves the capillaries, producing swelling. - White blood cells begin to phagocytize bacteria and other debris.

1. Tissue damage occurs and bacteria are introduced. 2. Chemical mediators of inflammation are released or activated in injured tissues and adjacent blood vessels. 3. Chemical mediators cause capillaries to dilate and the skin to become red. 4. Fluid leaves the capillaries, producing swelling. 5. White blood cells leave the dilated blood vessels and move to the site of bacterial infection. 6. White blood cells begin to phagocytize bacteria and other debris.

Match the type of embryonic connective tissue with its description. 1. Located only in the umbilical cord 2. The source of all other connective tissues - Mesenchyme - Mucous connective tissue

1.Mucous connective tissue 2. Mesenchyme

Sequence the steps of tissue repair. 1. Granulation tissue is replaced by new connective tissue. 2. A blood clot forms. 3. Fibroblasts form granulation tissue. 4. A scab forms and a epithelium grows into the wound.

4. Granulation tissue is replaced by new connective tissue. 1. A blood clot forms. 3. Fibroblasts form granulation tissue. 2. A scab forms and a epithelium grows into the wound.

Which of the following is correctly matched with its description?

???? not axon

The extracellular matrix of connective tissue contains

???? proteoglycans

All of the following terms relate to lipids. Which does not belong with the other four?

?????? not bile salts

An electrolyte is

???????????a substance that conducts electricity when placed in solution.

Nails

?????????protect the ends of digits.

Which type of gland discharges fragments of the gland's cells during secretion?

Apocrine

Which of the following type of connective tissue is mismatched with its matrix? Bone-highly vascular Bone-mineralized matrix Cartilage-highly vascular matrix Areolar-loosely packed matrix of protein fibers Blood- fluid matrix

Cartilage-highly vascular matrix

D

Cell division would be most common among cells in which of the labeled layers?

Which of the following is a component of the matrix of connective tissue

Collagen fibers Ground substance Lacunae

Select all that are functions of connective tissue

Communication Contraction Cushioning

Check all the statements that are correct regarding exocrine Glands

Compound glands have branch ducts Tubular glands have uniform diameter of the duct and secretory portions Acinar glands have secretory acini and secretory tubules

Keratinized squamous epithelium and underlying layer of connective tissue

Cutaneous Membrane

areolar connective tissue

Layer B is composed primarily of __________.

dermis

Layers B and C collectively form the __________.

Match the connective tissue with the appropriate category. Connective tissue proper Fluid connective tissue Supporting connected tissue

Dense/loose Blood/hemopoietic tissue Cartilage/bone

Which of the following is an inflammatory condition of the skin?

Dermatitis

Which type of gland does not have ducts?

Endocrine

Which term is synonymous with the cuticle of the nail?

Eponychium

True or False? Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue that forms during tissue repair is called granulation tissue.

False

Click and drag each term to the appropriate category to demonstrate whether it is related to the fibers or the ground substance of connective tissue matrix

Fibers 1. Collagen 2. Reticular 3. Elastic 4. Responsible for the flexibility of bone 5. Resists tensile forces Ground substance 1. Gylcosaminogylcans 2. chondroitin 3. Hydroxyapatite 4. Responsible for the stiffness of Cartilage 5. Protect chondrocytes

In the process of tissue repair, which of the events listed below occurs last?

Granulation tissue develops

Which durable protein is found in the nails, hair, and epidermis?

Keratin

False

Keratin protects skin cell DNA from the damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Is this statement true or false?

An epithelium and underlying lamina propria

Mucus membrane

The dermis contains receptors that detect which of the following sections? (Check all that apply.)

Pain Changes in pressure Variations in temperature Touch

stratum basale

Pigment can be found in several layers of the epidermis. In which layers would you expect to find the cells that produce melanin?

In __________, the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed.

Regeneration

Glands whose ducts have no branches are called __________.

Simple

This stratum contains many layers of dead squamous cells.

Stratum Corneum

Which layer of the epidermis is found only in a few areas of the body?

Stratum lucidum

If you accidentally cut your arm and see adipose tissue, which layer(s) was/were cut?

Subcutaneous, dermis, stratum corneum, stratum basale (ALL OF THE CHOICES ARE CORRECT)

Fibrous, adipose, or areolar tissue

Synovial Membrane

The femoral region is the

Thigh

Which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light?

Vitamin D

their desmosome attachments

What feature of the prickle cells in layer C causes them to have pointy projections after tissue preparation?

detection of pressure stimulus

What is the function of structure B?

keratinocytes

What is the most common cell type in the epidermis?

c

Which layer is composed primarily of dense irregular connective tissue?

reticular layer

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the epidermis?

Tactile cells anchor the skin to the body.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Langerhans cells activate the immune system. Tactile cells anchor the skin to the body. Melanin provides protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Keratinocytes produce a fibrous protein to protect the epidermis.

subcutaneous

Which of the following terms describes layer D?

to supply cells to replace those lost from the epidermis

Which of these is NOT a function of the layer at D?

Melanin is

absent in individuals with albinism

eccrine sweat glands

aid in cooling the body

Body odor results from secretions from the __________ sweat glands.

apocrine

Which type of cell has abundant mitochondria

cardiac muscle cells (require large amounts of ATP)

The structural and functional unit of all living organisms is the __________.

cell

A connective tissue fiber refers to a __________ and a muscle fiber refers to a __________

complex of macromolecules; entire cell

The nucleus of a cell functions to

control and coordinate cellular activities.

"Cutting off your nose" would be a section in the ________ plane

coronal

The outer surface of the hair is called the __________.

cuticle

What is a disc-shaped structure with especially adhesive glycoproteins around each cell that bind cells to one another?

desmosomes

When ionic compounds dissolve in water, their ions

dissociate or separate from one another

Covalent bonds form when

electrons are shared between two atoms

This layer of skin is composed of keratinocytes.

epidermis

Granulation tissue is a delicate, granular-appearing connective tissue that consists of __________.

fibroblasts, collagen, and capillaries

A slight sunburn is an example of a ______ burn.

first degree

Phospholipids are

found in plasma membranes.

Which type of burn involves damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue?

full thickness ?????????

In reference to the body temperature in living organisms, the set point can be defined as the

ideal normal value

Cytoplasm is found

outside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane.

Hydrogen bonds form between molecules containing _________ bonds; the hydrogen bond is between a hydrogen atomof one molecule and a partially_________ charged atom of another.

polar covalent; negatively

The main components of the plasma membrane are

proteins, lipids, carbohydrates

Suturing a large wound

reduces risk of infection and helps to heal faster.

A vertical plane that separates the body into right and left portions is called a _____ plane.

sagittal

Mesothelium and underlying layer of connective tissue

serous membrane

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the stomach?

simple columnar epithelium

The pleural cavity is the

space located between the visceral and parietal pleura????????????????

The pleural cavity is the

space located between the visceral and parietal pleura???????????????? not serous membrane that covers lungs

An epithelial tissue has multiple layers, flat and irregular cell shape, dead outer layers of cell, and keratin present in some cells. This is

stratified keratinized squamous epithelium.

The epidermal layer found only in thick skin is

stratum lucidum

The epidermal stratum that is composed of several layers of living cells held together by desmosomes is the ________

stratum spinosum

Select all of that demonstrate how inflammation protects the body.

- Blood vessels become more permeable and allow white blood cells to move into damaged tissue more - Clotting that occurs helps to isolate injurious agents. - Blood vessels dilate, increasing the delivery of white blood cells to the area.

reticular connective tissue

- provides supportive framework for the spleen - found in the bone marrow

adipose tissue

- stores energy - Immediately deep to the skin

Match the function or location to the correct connective tissue. 1. Allows the growth of long bones 2. Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis 3. External ear, epiglottis, and auditory tubes 4. Outer portion of all bones 5. Inside skull bones, vertebrae, and sternum 6. Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other substances 7. Produces new blood cells and stores lipids 8. Capable of strength with stretching and recoil in several directions 9. Tensile strength capable of withstanding stretch in all directions 10. Vocal folds and ligaments between vertebrae 11. Tendons and ligaments 12. Provides superstructure for lymphatic tissues 13. Energy storage 14. Epithelial basement membrane sits on this 15. Precursor to adult connective tissues 16. Umbilical cord of the newborn

1. Hyaline cartilage 2. Fibrocartilage 3. Elastic cartilage 4. Compact Bone 5. Spongy Bone 6. Blood 7. Bone Marrow 8. Dense irregular elastic connective tissue 9. Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue 10. Dense regular elastic connective tissue 11. Dense regular collagenous connective tissue 12. Reticular tissue 13. Adipose tissue 14. Areolar connective tissue 15.Mesenchyme 16. Mucous connective tissue

Match the epithelial tissue type with the example of a location where it would be found in the body. 1. Lining of most of the digestive tract 2. Ducts of endocrine glands 3. Lining of uterine tubes 4. Lining of alveoli -Simple cuboidal - Simple squamous - Nonciliated simple columnar - Ciliated simple columnar

1. Nonciliated simple columnar 2. Simple cuboidal 3. Ciliated simple columnar 4. Simple squamous

Match the epithelial tissue with the appropriate description 1. One layer of flat, or scale like cells that rest on a basement membrane 2. Many layers of cells where the ceols near the basement membrane are cube shaped, but at the free surface are flat 3. One layer of cells that are as wide as they are tall that rest on a basement membrane 4. Many layers of cells where most cells are as wide as they are tall 5. Special type of simple epithelium where it appears to be stratified but is not 6. One layer of cells that are taller than they are wide were almost all cells touch the basement membrane and extend to the free surface

1. Simple squamous 2. Stratified squamous 3. Simple cuboidal 4. Stratified cuboidal 5. Pseudostratified Columnar 6. Simple columnar

Put the following events of tissue repair in the correct order: - A fresh wound cuts through the epithelium and underlying connective tissue. - Scab is sloughed off, and granulation tissue is replaced by new connective tissue. - Fibroblasts have formed granulation tissue. - A scab appears, and epithelium grows into the wound. - A clot forms.

1.A fresh wound cuts through the epithelium and underlying connective tissue. 2.A clot forms. 3. A scab appears, and epithelium grows into the wound. 4. Fibroblasts have formed granulation tissue. 5. Scab is sloughed off, and granulation tissue is replaced by new connective tissue.

Reticular tissue is found in

lymphatic organs