Combo with "DHN101-201: HUMAN NUTRITION AND WELLNESS (SPRING 2016) EXAM 1 CHP 1-4"

According to Dietary Guidelines for Ameircans, 2010, Americans should limit their cholesterol intake to _____ mg/day

300

egg white

A food has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of oven cleaner. Based on this information, the food is

prospective

A group of researchers wants to determine whether certain dietary factors are associated with the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The scientists follow a group of 500 healthy newborn babies for 10 years and collect health information as well as dietary practices for each child. At the end of the study period, the scientists analyze the data for correlations between the children's dietary practices and their likelihood of being diagnosed with ADHD. This is an example of a _____ study.

RDN

A popular women's magazine has an article about the health benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods. If the article's author has the credentials _____ after his or her name, the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

11

A serving of food supplies 99 kcal from fat. Based on this information, how many grams of fat are in the serving?

promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors for everyone.

According to a main goal of Healthy People 2020, Americans should

enzyme

An _____ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction.

electrolyte

An _____ is an ion that can conduct electricity.

WIC

Belle is pregnant and has two young children. She is having difficulty supporting her family on an income of $18,000/year. Recently, she was diagnosed with high blood pressure and iron deficiency. Based on this information, Belle should enroll in the _____ program.

has trouble swallowing

Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Bernetta

hormones

Certain organs and tissues use _____ to send messages to target cells.

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who are healthy but need to avoid solid food for a while. Based on this info, she is likely to refer to ____ when developing the new formula

DRIs

2 cups

Derek wants to eat enough salad greens in one meal to equal 1 cup of vegetables. How much of the greens should he eat?

anecdote.

Dylan takes garlic pills to lower his blood cholesterol level, and he recommends the pills to his friends, because he thinks the supplement is helpful. Dylan's nutrition-related advice to his friends is an example of a(an)

Which of the following products is a popular dietary supplement among American adults?

Echinacea

136

Elisa weighs 62 kg, which is approximately _____ pounds.

Which of the following substances participates in a chemical reaction that results in the digestion of fat?

Gastric lipase

cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships.

Generally, epidemiological studies

206

How many kilocalories are in a portion of food that contains 4 g protein, 10 g fat, 25 g carbohydrate, 130 mg vitamin C, and 120 ml water?

You are planning a party for a group of 22-year old college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the religion of Islam. Which of the following beverages would be acceptable to everyone at the party?

Iced punch made with fruit juices and carbonated water

cream cheese

In general, food guides do not group _____ with diary foods.

requirement for vitamin C was 10 mg.

Kayla was a participant in a clinical study to determine how much vitamin C cures scurvy, the vitamin's deficiency disease. During the study, Kayla consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete, except it did not contain vitamin C. Within a few weeks, Kayla developed scurvy. At that point, researchers gave 2 mg vitamin C to Kayla each day for a week, but her signs and symptoms of scurvy remained. In the weeks that followed, the scientists continued to increase Kayla's intake of the vitamin by 2 mg/week. After a week of taking 10 mg of vitamin C/day, Kayla reported feeling much better. Based on this information, the researchers concluded that Kayla's

128lbs

Kerry weighs 58 kg. What is her approximate weight in pounds?

2300 mg/day.

Maria limits her sodium intake to 2.3 g/day. This amount is equivalent to

Which of the following statements is true?

Most enzymes have names that end with -ase.

Which of the following statements is true? A) Dietitians usually rely on Daily Values to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets B) To avoid nutrient deficiency disorders, Americans should consume 50% of the EAR for each nutrient C) A person who meets the EER for his or her racial and/or ethnic ancestry will gain at least 2 pounds/week

None of these are correct

Which of the following statements is true?

Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children

Soft drink

One day, Hillary consumed a handful of peanuts, a bowl of chocolate pudding, a sugar-sweetened soft drink, and three hard-cooked eggs. According to MyPlate, which of these foods is empty calories?

placebos.

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin D supplements on the adult human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin D to one group of human adults and pills that do not contain the vitamin or other active ingredients to another group of adults. The pills that do not contain vitamin D are

starch

Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth.

A scientist adds 5 mcg of the mineral cadmium to the daily diet of 100 4-week-old lab mice. After 12 weeks, the researcher weighs and takes blood samples from each mouse. According to her findings, the mice lost weight during the 12-week period and they have abnormal levels of certain hormones in their blood. Based on this info, what would you tell the researcher about her findings?

The findings are not meaningful or valid because of the way she designed her study.

a testimonial.

The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFix helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His endorsement of the product is an example of

Which of the following statements is true?

The typical Asian diet contains high amounts of vegetables and inadequate amounts of milk and milk products

A group of 50 adult male humans were in a clinical study to determine how much niacin is toxic. During the first two weeks of the study, members of the group consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete, except it contained 24 mg niacin, which is 1.5 times the RDA for niacin (males). At that point in the study, all members reported feeling fine, and they could function normally. During the next week, they were given a formula that contained 48 mg niacin. Within a few days of consuming this formula, 90% of the participants reported feeling ill, and they complained of having upset stomachs and reddened facial skin. At that point, researchers gave the subjects a formula that contain 16 mg niacin. After a week of consuming the new formula, all participants reported feeling well again. Based on this information, the researchers concluded that the

UL for niacin was between 24 and 48 mg/day

Kristin uses % DVs to help plan nutritious menus with various packaged foods. She should try to obtain at least 100% of the daily value for which of the following nutrients?

Vitamin C

Applying irrigation water directly to the roots of crops

Which of the following agricultural practices is recommended because it can improve the environment?

4-ounce chocolate doughnut

Which of the following foods is the most energy dense per serving? ½ cup fresh strawberries 4-ounce chocolate doughnut 8 ounces fat-free milk 3 ounces baked chicken

Retrospective study

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use to identify lifestyle factors that may be related to the development of liver cancer in an adult population?

Stir-fry made with shrimp, rice, green peas, broccoli, and onions

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent three different MyPlate food groups?

Vanilla ice cream topped with peanuts, strawberries, and chocolate syrup

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent three different MyPlate food groups?

Women who smoke 5 or more cigarettes each day during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to underweight babies than women who smoke fewer than 5 cigarettes a day during pregnancy.

Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation? -When population increases its daily consumption of whole grain products, the population's frequency of daily bowel movements increases. -Women who smoke 5 or more cigarettes each day during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to underweight babies than women who smoke fewer than 5 cigarettes a day during pregnancy. -As a population's intake of beta carotene increases, the population's tissue levels of vitamin A increase. -Children who consume 3 cups of vitamin D milk daily develop stronger bones than children who drink fewer than 3 cups of vitamin D milk each day.

Journal of the American Medical Association

Which of the following periodicals features peer-reviewed articles?

"What's in the food you eat Search Tool"

Which of the following resources is a useful dietary analysis tool?

"Healthful diets with adequate folate may reduce a woman's risk of having a child with a brain or spinal cord defect."

Which of the following statements is a health claim that FDA allows on a food package? "Drinking whole milk adds calcium and vitamin D to your diet. These nutrients are essential for strengthening bones." "Foods that contain dietary fiber, vitamin A or vitamin C may reduce the risk of cancer. Although a serving of our creamed broccoli has 7 grams of fat, it is an excellent source of fiber and vitamins A and C." "Healthful diets with adequate folate may reduce a woman's risk of having a child with a brain or spinal cord defect." "Vitamin C reduces the risk of the common cold by 50%."

Scientific studies to investigate the same question can have different findings.

Which of the following statements is true?

Most food guides classify eggs in the protein foods group.

Which of the following statements is true? Most food guides classify eggs in the protein foods group. Food guides generally classify butter in the food group that includes milk and eggs. Olives, salmon and avocados are sources of unhealthy solid fats. According to MyPlate, foods that provide empty calories should be avoided.

food cannot be labeled "organic" unless it meets certain government standards.

Which of the following statements is true? Organic food is more nutritious than foods that contain conventionally-grown ingredients. A food label cannot include the organic symbol if it contains any detectable amount of non-organic ingredients. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has not established national regulations for the production of organic foods. A food cannot be labeled "organic" unless it meets certain government standards.

Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.

Which of the following statements is true? The gallbladder makes bile and stores the compound in the liver. Foods that taste bitter are generally good energy sources because of their high carbohydrate contents. Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children. Segmentation enables chyme to move through the esophagus.

the body is comprised of organ systems

Which of the following statements is true? Cells that have unrelated functions are organized into tissues. The body is comprised of organ systems. A cell is comprised of related tissues. An organelle is the smallest living component of the human body.

Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation?

Women who smoke 5+ cigarettes each day during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to underweight babies than women who smoke fewer than 5 cigarettes a day during pregnancy

Sustainable agriculture

_____ includes farming techniques that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment.

metabolism

_____ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.

The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFix helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His endorsement of the product is an example of

a testimonial

An advertisement for a weight loss product includes ____, indicating that the ad is an unreliable source of nutrition info, and the product is likely to be worthless. A) the statement that individual results may vary B) promises of a quick and easy path to weight loss C) vague, meaningless terms

all of these are correct

A food has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of oven cleaner. Based on this info, the food is

an egg white

Zach takes 500 mg of vitamin C daily. He advises friends to take vitamin C supplements because, he claims, the vitamin protects him from cold viruses. His claim about the usefulness of the vitamin is an

anecdote

A molecule forms when two or more atoms are attracted to each other and held together by

bonds

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is

circulation of blood throughout the body

A scientist discovers a chemical compound in certain rocks that she calls "stonia". She cannot market extracts that contain stonia as a dietary supplement, because it

does not contain dietary ingredients

Today, the only food Meghan ate was a casserole that contained 24 ounces of lemon-flavored yogurt, 16 oz of cooked turkey, and 10 oz of cooked noodles. According to MyPlate, she ate nothing from the group that includes

fruit

Last night Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has

gallstones

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though she's about 40lbs overweight, she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes. Based on this info, Jillian has a high risk of developing ____?

gastroesophageal reflux disease

salt

in chemistry class, Karl combines hydrochloric acid with a base called sodium hydroxide. This chemical reaction results in the formation of a

Monique is a 19-year-old college student who would like to follow a Mediterranean diet pattern instead of her typical "western" diet. Based on this info, she should

increase her intake of fruit and legumes

The ____ is the second segment of the small intestine

jejunum

A group of registered dietitians is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on school-aged children's behavior. At first, the researchers will

make observations

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this info, Paisley should

not worry, because she is not constipated

Scientists enroll 500 healthy adults in a study and collect dietary and other lifestyle info about the group. After 6 years, the scientists determine that study participants who ate at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily were less likely to develop high blood pressure than those who ate fewer than 5 servings of fruits daily. This study is an example of a ____ study

prospective

A magazine article about weight loss diets includes false information about the process of digestion that uses scientific-sounding terms to make it seem factual. The faulty info is an example of

pseudoscience

Kayla was a participant in a clinical study to determine how much vitamin C cures scurvy, the vitamin's deficiency disease. During the study, Kayla consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete, except it did not contain vitamin C. Within a few weeks, Kayla developed scurvy. At that point, researchers gave 2mg vitamin C to her each day for a week, but her signs and symptoms of scurvy remained. In the weeks that followed, the scientists continued to increase her intake of the vitamin by 2 mg/week. After a week of taking 10mg of vitamin C/day, she reported feeling much better. Based on this info, researches concluded that Kayla's

requirement for vitamin C was 10 mg