COMM 1301 - Ch. 5, 6, 7, 8
Critics are concerned that ________ will kill creativity and artistry in songwriting.
AI (artificial intelligence) songwriting
How did Apple's strategy for selling music online through its iTunes Music Store succeed when previous attempts for industry-approved downloading had failed?
Apple sold individual songs for as little as 99 cents.
Which of the following statements about smartphones and social networking sites in relation to the film industry is true?
Apps that allow the online streaming of movies already exist.
Which of the following are true of the modern magazine audience?
As much as 95% of Americans younger than 25 consume magazines. The magazine audience is educated and well-off.
How did MTV change tours for artists and groups?
Audiences now expect flashy, sophisticated productions like those they see in videos.
Which of the following statements best describes the attitude of most readers toward magazine advertisements?
Because readers typically choose the magazines they read, they have a positive attitude toward the ads included in those magazines.
Which of the following statements best describes how television has begun to threaten magazines as an advertising medium for specialized audiences?
Cable TV channels now have the narrowly targeted audiences that advertisers desire.
Which of the following would be a likely competitor for a magazine's advertising dollars?
ESPN's website
True or false: After the emergence of television, people started gathering in groups to listen to radio.
False
Which of the following are examples of premium cable series?
Game of Thrones Homeland
Which of the following statements about Will H. Hays and the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA) is not correct?
Hays had extensive experience in Hollywood that made him uniquely qualified to head the MPPDA.
In which of the following ways were American magazines in the mid-1800s, prior to the Civil War, beginning to differentiate themselves from other publishing endeavors, such as books and newspapers?
Illustrations played a prominent role in magazines. Magazines employed specialist writers to produce content.
Consistently falling record industry sales are blamed on ______ by the recording industry but on ______ by many music critics.
Internet piracy; superficial, disposable music
How did radio change its focus after television arrived?
It went from being nationally oriented to locally oriented.
Which of the following programs is an example of first-run syndication?
Judge Judy
How is the relationship between networks affiliates changing today?
Local stations must pay networks to be affiliates.
Which innovation is most responsible for the Internet taking over music sales?
MP3
Compression technology that shrinks audio files to less than one-tenth their original size is known as
MP3.
Flagship radio stations that are owned and operated by networks are known as
O&Os.
Texture, Magzter, Zinio, and Prime Reading are examples of services that do what for users?
Provide access to hundreds, even thousands, of magazine titles for a fee.
In the early 1900s, a period of chaos caused by stations constantly changing frequencies and creating interference between stations helped lead to the
Radio Act of 1927.
How do single-copy sales give advertisers a barometer of a magazine's connection to readers?
Single-copy readers consciously choose to buy the magazine and then pay full price for it.
Which of the following are the major recording companies that together control 63% of the global recorded music market?
Sony Universal Music Group Warner Music Group
Which of the following are characteristics of format radio?
Stations can quickly change DJs and music if necessary. It is possible to narrow an audience by specializing the format even more.
Which of the following statements regarding merchandise tie-ins are true?
Studios find that spending more on films that have high merchandising appeal is less risky than producing low-budget films with no such appeal. Studios make decisions about which films to develop based on merchandise tie-in appeal.
Which of the following best describes why radio began to focus on a local audience in the 1950s?
Television had captured the national audience.
Which of the following is not a contender for the title of "first sound film"?
The Kiss
Why might a multiple system operator (MSO) demand a cable system carry a certain channel?
The MSO has a financial interest in the channel.
Which of the following are true of P2P?
The Supreme Court has ruled that P2P software encouraged copyright infringement and made its makers liable. Users of P2P can visit a constantly changing network of machines through which file sharing can occur.
Which of the following statements accurately describe the ultimate impact of Thomas Edison's Motion Picture Patents Company (the Trust)?
The Trust had the unintended effect of ultimately helping establish the Hollywood studio system. Companies formed in defiance of the Trust moved to California. D. W. Griffith and other filmmakers established independent companies in defiance of the Trust.
Which of the following statements about the Lumière brothers is not correct?
The brothers recognized the potential social impact of film and showed their motion pictures for free to the masses.
Which of the following are true of the advantages of the new 33 1/3 rpm records over the old technology?
The new records were more durable than the older discs. The playing time was significantly longer on the new records.
Which of the following has happened as a result of cord-cutting?
The number of zero-TV homes has been steadily growing.
Which of the following describes DMX and DARS?
They are methods for satellite radio delivery.
Which of the following describe broadcasters' prevailing views about inaccurate ratings?
They believe the Nielsen metrics do not show a program's true performance. They believe Nielsen metrics are a relic from an earlier time.
Which of the following statements about podcasts are true?
They can be played on any digital device that has an MP3 player.
Time-shifting was first made possible by the commercial introduction of
VCRs.
Which of the following was passed by the U.S. government in 1910 and required larger ships to have a working wireless and operator?
Wireless Ship Act
Which of the following statements about the artistic, cultural, and social impact of D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation are accurate?
With its racist portrayals of African Americans and its glorification of the Ku Klux Klan, the film represented the worst of American culture. The Birth of a Nation was the most popular and profitable movie prior to Gone with the Wind in 1939. It took movies out of the nickelodeons, making them big business.
The formation of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) in the early 1920s ensured that radio would be
a commercial industry based on profit.
Which of the following is an example of a stripped show?
a first-run syndicated show that airs Monday through Friday at 5:30 p.m.
Which of the following best describes the nature of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA)?
a government-sanctioned monopoly
Which of the following was a primary reason for the success of the film industry in the early 20th century?
a growing audience of new city dwellers with expendable income
Which of the following describes custom magazine publishing?
a magazine created for a company that is seeking to reach a very targeted audience
When a Happy Meal from McDonald's includes a toy promoting the latest Disney Pixar kids' movie, this is an example of
a merchandise tie-in.
Most commercial television stations in the United States are affiliated with
a national broadcasting network.
After the written outline for a program is approved, the network will order
a script.
A split run is
a special version of a magazine issue that is created with content and ads targeted at a specific audience.
In 1945 the FCC ruled that several FM frequencies would be noncommercial because radio broadcasters
ad not fulfilled their original promise to include educational programming on commercial stations.
In addition to the many tasks normally associated with the distribution component system of the movie industry, film distributors today also ______ movies.
advertise and promote finance the production of set release dates for
The concept of complementary copy can be worrisome if it means that editors are making major content decisions based on ______ wishes or needs.
advertisers'
Magazines generate about half their revenue from which of the following?
advertising
When a program is stripped, it is
aired at the same time five nights a week.
Which of the following best defines catalog albums?
albums more than 18 months old
Satellite radio's main effect on the radio networks is that it has
allowed music and other forms of radio content to be distributed quite inexpensively to thousands of stations.
Sound recording improved on the technology of radio by
allowing people to hear words and music created at a different time.
Which of the following examples best illustrates a common way that advertisers can influence magazine decisions?
an ad for a high-calorie dessert being placed far away from an article about the dangers of too much sugar in the diet
Which of the following were cultural events shared through television in the 1960s?
anti-Vietnam War coverage JFK's assassination and funeral Neil Armstrong's walk on the moon
One problem with advertiser influence is that editors may
avoid stories that could upset advertisers.
Income earned from the sale of airtime is called
billings.
Radio stations that are only accessible online are known as
bitcasters.
Edward R. Murrow is best known as a(n)
broadcast journalist with CBS.
The storage of computer data including system-operating software on remote servers on the Internet is known as
cloud computing.
The picture quality of CATV was improved by the introduction of which of the following?
coaxial cable
Which of the following genres became part of radio broadcasting in the 1930s?
comedy drama soap operas
The "3" in the audience measure called a C3 rating refers to
commercials viewed within 3 days of the airing.
Which technology is the true predecessor of cable television?
community antenna television
Which of the following are reasons for à la carte pricing in cable television?
complaints concerning offensive content rising cable prices
Before the 1950s, the work of African American musicians had to be ______ by white artists before it would be aired on the radio.
covered
In response to an onslaught of illegal downloading, the music industry decided to
create its own websites for legal downloading.
The convergence of film with ______ is reshaping distribution and exhibition.
digital technologies
As a result of the 1948 Paramount Decision, the big Hollywood studios were forced to do which of the following?
end block booking, the practice of requiring exhibitors to rent groups of movies sell off their exhibition businesses (theaters)
In syndication, programs are sold to stations on what kind of basis?
market-by-market
Except for MGM, each of the major studios is
part of a large conglomerate.
Premium cable has been recognized as a medium for
programming with adult content. championship boxing. unedited and uninterrupted movies.
Groupings of channels provided by cable networks at different prices are known as
tiers.
Traditionally, when local television network affiliates carried a network program, they
were compensated for airing the program, and they kept the revenue from commercials from local advertisers.
Charging cable subscribers by the channel, rather than by the tier, is known as
à la carte pricing.
Which of the following statements about the kinetoscope is not correct?
Recognizing the importance of the kinetoscope to technology and society, Edison made it available to the public free of charge.
Canadian ______ invented the liquid barretter.
Reginald Fessenden
When did the first commercial radio broadcast take place?
1920
Because of persistence of vision, if photographic frames are moved at ______ frames a second, people perceive them as actually in motion.
24
How many households does the A. C. Nielsen company use as representative of the U.S. audience?
41,000
Which of the following statements about internationalization are true?
A magazine might produce foreign editions in English for English-language readers who are overseas. A magazine might produce foreign-language editions of what are essentially U.S. magazines.
Which of the following were primary reasons the magazine industry moved to smaller, more specialized publications in the 1950s?
A more industrialized and urbanized American public demanded specialized reading specific to their interests. Mass market magazines could not match the timeliness and novelty of television.
Which of the following statements, each involving strategies for the rollout or opening of a new movie, is not accurate?
A movie opening on numerous screens simultaneously is an indication that distributors know the movie is likely to bomb.
People who favor information-based radio, such as news and sports, typically choose to listen to ______ radio.
AM
Which of the following companies was the first to complete a national network to distribute television programming?
AT&T
In which of the following ways did the radio broadcasting industry change in the 1930s?
Advertising revenues increased considerably. Radio became a cost-effective means of entertainment for Americans.
When the first films were viewed by audiences, they reacted as if the images on the screen were tangible and real. Which of the following best explains this reaction?
Audience members were not film literate.
______ is space on the wires for bringing content into your home, while ______ refers to a channel with broad information-carrying capacity.
Bandwidth; broadband
Which of the following best describes how conglomerates in the music business affect the quality of music?
Big businesses are less likely to take risks, resulting in a lack of new ideas in the music they produce.
Which of the following best defines the philosophy of spectrum scarcity?
Broadcast spectrum space must be regulated, because it is limited.
Which of the following statements about movies and their audiences in the 1930s are correct?
By the end of the 1930s, Hollywood was turning out 500 movies a year. Double features offered welcome relief to cash-strapped moviegoers during the Great Depression. B-movies, typically made for less money than the Hollywood blockbusters they accompanied, rounded out the program in a double feature.
Which of the following statements about the role of networks and advertising agencies in the 1950s are true?
Companies sponsored television programs. Networks acted as time brokers and provided airtime and distribution.
Which of the following statements best describes how magazines are able to compete against cable TV?
Computers and satellites allow quick and easy distribution of narrowly targeted split runs.
Which of the following is a reason internationalization in the magazine industry is likely to increase?
Conglomeration and globalization are expected to lead to a greater interest in international editions.
Which of the following statements about D. W. Griffith is not correct?
D. W. Griffith made films in an era when it was common for filmmakers to specialize in only one aspect of production.
Which of the following was the fastest-growing consumer electronic product of all time at the time of its launch?
DVD
Which of the following statements about the changing nature of film distribution is not correct?
Despite the growing importance of other means of distribution, domestic box office still earns more than the sale of DVDs.
Which of the following was an issue colonial American magazines had to contend with that their British counterparts did not?
Distributing the magazine was difficult because there was no organized postal system in America.
The 1969 independent film ______, which cost $370,000 to produce and made more than $50 million, began the modern independent film boom.
Easy Rider
Which of the following is true of how the Vitascope became the first movie projector for multiple viewers in the United States?
Edison acquired the patent from U.S. inventor Thomas Armat.
Which of the following statements about Thomas Edison's Vitascope is not correct?
Edison developed the Vitascope himself in his New Jersey lab.
Which reporter exposed the hypocrisy of Senator Joseph McCarthy on the program See It Now?
Edward R. Murrow
______ refers to the relationship between readers and the magazine advertising they see, whereas ______ refers to how much those readers enjoy the advertising.
Engagement; affinity
People who listen to radio mainly for music tend to choose ______ radio.
FM
True or false: Despite European demand for movies during the war-torn years of 1914-1915, European audiences continued to reject American films.
False
True or false: Of the more than $108 billion generated each year by the cable television industry, about one-quarter of the amount is earned through advertising.
False
True or false: The audience for network television is larger than the audience for cable television.
False
True or false: The number of movie tickets sold today is four times more than what it was in Hollywood's record year (1946).
False
Filmmaker ______ made the very first important narrative motion pictures, or films that tell a story, ______ (1902) being a famous example.
Georges Méliès; A Trip to the Moon
Match each figure with a description of his contribution to the development of photography.
Hannibal Goodwin matches Choice, invented celluloid roll film in 1887 invented celluloid roll film in 1887 George Eastman matches Choice, created an easy-to-use camera in 1889 created an easy-to-use camera in 1889 Joseph Nicéphore Niépce matches Choice, first person to make practical use of a camera and film, around 1816 first person to make practical use of a camera and film, around 1816 Louis Daguerre matches Choice, developed a process for recording images on polished metal plates, introduced in 1839 developed a process for recording images on polished metal plates, introduced in 1839 William Henry Fox Talbot matches Choice, introduced a paper film process, the calotype, in 1839 introduced a paper film process, the calotype, in 1839
Which of the following best describes how Lee DeForest was different from other radio pioneers?
He saw the potential of broadcasting.
For which of the following reasons is Guglielmo Marconi considered the "Father of Radio"?
He was one of the first to send radio signals through the air, and he publicized his successes.
Which of the following best explains why there is no agreement regarding which film was the first sound film?
Historians cannot decide what qualifies as a sound film.
Productions based on intellectual property (already existing stories or characters) that have a built-in fan base are called
IP-based movies.
Which of the following statements about independent films and their ability to reach audiences is true?
Independent films can reach wider audiences now thanks to the Internet and operations such as Netflix and iTunes.
Which of the following statements about Thomas Edison is not accurate?
Interested in expanding film as a medium, Edison acted as a mentor, nurturing young talents such as D. W. Griffith.
In which of the following ways does cloud computing help reduce production costs?
It allows filmmakers to lease access to expensive system-operating software. It frees smaller independent producers from financial and technical limitations.
What was new about the Total Content Ratings rolled out by Nielsen in 2017?
It captured all viewing across all possible devices.
In which of the following ways did the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) initially respond to the development of MP3?
It developed its own "secure" Internet technology.
Which of the following was a consequence of automating radio playlists?
It diminished creativity, originality, and the unique character of radio.
Which of the following has been an effect of the large amount of video content available on the Internet?
It has altered viewing habits, especially among young people.
In which of the following ways has television changed society?
It has shaped the ways in which we understand the Internet. It has changed the way we relate to movies, books, and radio. It has changed the way we organize furniture in our homes.
Which of the following best describes the Nipkow disc?
It was the first workable device that could transmit an image as a series of electrical signals.
Which of the following emerged in response to automated playlists and "the homogenization of the FM band"?
LPFM, consisting of nonprofit community radio stations with a reach of only a few miles
Which of the following statements about promotion and music are true?
Labels do not sign artists that are challenging to promote. Radio plays an important role in promotion.
Which of the following are benefits for stations that are affiliates of national radio networks?
Large groups of stations can make more money and, in turn, fund better programming. They can reach bigger audiences and generate more advertising income.
Next to Thomas Edison, the most important figures in the initial development of film as a popular medium were the ______ brothers, French mechanics whose father owned a factory that produced photographic plates.
Lumière
Which business entity is poised to profit most from bundling of media services?
MSOs (Multiple System Operators)
How do subscriber lists help magazines make money?
Magazines sell the lists to advertisers seeking a targeted audience for marketing their products.
Which of the following best describes what occurred after the audion tube was invented?
Many "broadcasters" went on the air, and chaos ensued.
What are the advantages of terrestrial (land-based) digital radio?
Many stations offer it through subscription services. Sound fidelity is improved over traditional radio. Stations can broadcast on both analog and digital signals.
Why did John F. Kennedy's FCC chair Newton Minow refer to television as a vast wasteland?
Minow felt television offered little substance.
Which of the following are true of radio listening today?
Most listening occurs in the car. Most radio consumed in vehicles is AM or FM.
Which of the following statements about magazines is true?
Most magazines produce an online version that offers online-only content and other features.
How do most online versions of print magazines charge their Internet readers for access to content?
Most offer online-only content for free but charge for content from the print version.
Which of the following best describes how television affected the radio industry at the end of World War II?
Most radio stations became local as television became the dominant national source of entertainment.
What are some of the ways social networking is used in promoting movie releases?
Moviegoers can use social media to share quotations, clips, trailers, and other features of the movies they enjoy. Fans can visit the studios' official Facebook pages.
How has television changed the relationship between musicians and fans?
Musicians are being seen on tour less, because television has led audiences to expect extravagant and expensive productions.
Which of the following statements about artists and the Internet are true?
Musicians are using the Internet to produce, distribute, and promote their own music. Artists are connecting directly with listeners and not relying on record labels or radio.
European immigrant ______ applied for a radio patent within months of Guglielmo Marconi.
Nikola Tesla
Why did the broadcasters in place before World War II reap all broadcast advertising revenues during the war?
No new stations were licensed during the war years.
Which of the following statements about market testing of movies are correct?
Often multiple endings for a movie are produced and tested on sample audiences by market research firms. Despite claims of accuracy by its adherents, market testing does not always accurately predict success or failure for a movie. Movies are subjected to market testing before they are released and sometimes even before they are produced.
Software that permits direct Internet-based collaboration between two or more computers or between computers bypassing centralized servers is known as ______ technology.
P2P
Established by Thomas Edison in 1908, the Motion Picture ______ Company (MPPC), often called simply the ______, was a group of 10 companies under Edison's control.
Patents; Trust
Which of the following statements about radio and sound recording are true?
People could hear words and music from another location and time via recordings. The development of radio and sound recording happened over the same period.
In which of the following ways did the further industrialization and urbanization of the United States following World War II contribute to the demand for specialized magazines?
People had more disposable income and leisure time to spend on specific personal interests and on magazines about those interests.
Which of the following are true of the process of proposing a new network show and the decision to produce?
Pilots cost between $2 million for a 30-minute show to $5.5 million for an hour-long show. About 4,000 new television series are proposed each year.
Why was there a boom in the number of American magazines in the mid-1800s?
Printing became cheaper. Magazines increasingly covered topics important to Americans. Literacy was growing.
Which of the following best describes how radio changed after World War I?
Radio came to be used for entertainment and commercial purposes.
Which of the following statements accurately describe the popularity of radio in the United States today?
Radio remains people's primary means of consuming audio content. There are more than 15,000 broadcast radio stations operating in the United States.
Why is contemporary radio considered specific?
Radio stations aim their content at narrow audiences.
Following the end of World War II, what was the new, mobile, product-consuming American public interested in getting from magazines?
Readers generally wanted magazines that reflected their new, more mobile lives.
Which of the following are true of catalog albums?
Sales of catalog albums help keep the music industry afloat. Catalog albums are those that are more than 18 months old.
What were the first two large-scale, reputable online-only magazines to be established?
Salon and Slate
Which of the following are true of mobile broadcasting?
Several apps, such as Periscope and Facebook Live, permit their users to stream live video to their followers. Mobile broadcasting has been used by members of the U.S. House of Representatives to broadcast a protest.
Which of the following is true of the relationship between the music industry and technologies such as smartphones and tablets?
Smartphones and tablets, like radio, are distinguished by their portability. More than half of all streaming music listening is mobile—using devices like smartphones and tablets.
Which of the following statements about the effect of spot sales on television are true?
Sponsors were no longer closely associated with television programs. Sponsors focused more on the size of the television audience.
Why did television flourish in the 1950s?
Technical standards were put in place. New television stations were established. Advertisers were enthusiastic about the medium.
The surprise hit ______ is considered the start of the growing microcinema movement.
The Blair Witch Project
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was created by which act?
The Communications Act of 1934
For what specific reason is the number of American subscribers of Sirius XM Radio via DARS expected to grow?
The company has arrangements with every major U.S. carmaker to offer its receivers as a factory-installed option.
Which of the following statements about video on the Internet are accurate?
The distinction between web-only and broadcast/cable programming is disappearing. Several Internet-video sites commission original content. Video compression and broadband Internet connections make it possible to watch true television online.
Which of the following are true of stream ripping?
The major recording labels have joined forces to challenge the legality of the practice. It is a form of piracy. It involves saving streamed media on a file on a personal device to be accessed locally.
Which of the following statements about the Hollywood scandals of the early 1920s and subsequent reactions are correct?
The mysterious 1922 deaths of actor Wallace Reid and director William Desmond Taylor fanned rumors about sex and drugs in Hollywood. One scandal involved "America's sweetheart," Mary Pickford, who after her divorce quickly married Douglas Fairbanks, also recently divorced. Comedian Fatty Arbuckle had one legal problem hushed up and another that involved a charge of manslaughter.
Which of the following best describes how a consumer magazine's content relates to the way the magazine is categorized by the industry?
The type of reader determines both the magazine's category and its typical content.
Which of the following best describes how modern radio is fragmented?
There are many stations serving many areas, which enables them to play specialized formats.
Which of the following best describes affiliates?
They are groups of radio stations that have access to bigger audiences through their collective size.
What kinds of advertisements do brand magazines carry?
They carry ads for the parent business as well as for other brands interested in the same demographic.
Which of the following statements about the C3 and C7 rating systems is true?
They continue to face pressure from other systems because of their limitations.
How do magalogues typically aim to reach their readers?
They offer readers magazine-style layouts of models wearing clothing that is for sale.
Which of the following statements explain why the traditional model of circulation measurement has become increasingly inadequate?
Traditional measurements do not indicate the level of "engagement" of the readers. Measuring circulation takes time, but advertisers want immediate, real-time numbers.
True or false: Almost every major studio is part of a large conglomerate.
True
Which of the following technologies was the first to lead audiences to expect more control over their television-watching experience?
VCR
Which of the following statements about video-on-demand (VOD) is true?
Viewers have shown much interest in having more control over their viewing.
Which of the following was largely responsible for the international spread of American movies in the early 20th century?
War in Europe halted European film production but not the demand for movies.
How is Web radio different from traditional radio?
Web radio can offer more information with the broadcast, such as lyrics or artists' biographies.
Which of the following statements about digital recording are true?
When replayed at the proper speed, the sound is clean and clear. Sound is converted in a computerized translation process.
Which of the following is a type of company that owns several cable franchises?
a multiple system operator
In the 1950s, which business entity would typically hire a production company to create a show?
an advertising agency
What was the first commercial radio broadcast?
an announcement of presidential election results
In terms of film distribution and marketing, a tentpole is
an expensive blockbuster around which a studio plans its other releases.
Two of Emile Berliner's contributions to early sound recording were
an improved microphone and recordings on a flat disc.
A single-sponsor magazine is
an issue of a magazine that features only one advertiser.
A magalogue is a(n) ______ designed to look like a consumer magazine.
catalog
Protection of content creators' financial interest in their product is known as
copyright.
Which of the following is not one of the principal types of movie studio?
corporate majors
Which of the following groups were interested in broadcasting when the audion tube was first invented?
corporations trying to make money people broadcasting just for fun
The year 1839 saw the introduction of two processes that were pivotal in the development of photography: the ______, which recorded images on polished metal plates, and the ______, which used translucent paper (what we now call the negative) for making multiple prints.
daguerreotype; calotype
Because of ______ of the U.S. telecommunications industry in the 1980s and 1990s, one person or company can own as many as eight stations in one market.
deregulation
A growing production trend in Hollywood is ______ filmmaking, which makes grand special effects possible.
digital
The recording and radio industries went from analog to ______ recording in the 1970s.
digital
Which of the following technologies has allowed television audiences to interact with the content provider?
digital cable television
DirecTV is an example of a major ______ company.
direct broadcast satellite
The situation in which one person or company owns and manages a number of radio stations in a single market is called
duopoly.
Which of the following made the importation of distant signals possible?
expanded bandwidth from, for example, coaxial cable new signal boosters, such as the Jerrold booster
As interest in movies exploded in the wake of The Great Train Robbery's success, hundreds of new ______, or production companies, sprang up.
factory studios
Which of the following is not one of the broad categories of contemporary magazines?
fashion, trade, and sponsored magazines
Understanding the language and culture of film, such as how images and sound work together to create meaning, is known as being
film literate.
What kind of programming is produced specifically for sale into syndication?
first-run syndication
In a typical year, 25% of all ticket sales are produced by how many films?
five
In the 1940s, broadcasting in the United States was
focused on entertainment and information. supported financially through advertising. both local and national.
Specialized radio programming that focuses on serving a particular audience is called
format radio.
Movies that are produced with the full intention of producing several more sequels are known as ______ films.
franchise
In the 1950s, movie attendance figures plummeted. The number of homes with TV sets
greatly increased
Promotion is such a big part of the financial success of a movie that many studios include advertising and marketing people in the ______ process—that is, the decision to make a picture in the first place.
green light
The return on advertising dollars spent is
higher for magazines than for any other medium.
The factors that have combined to encourage the growing use of digital technologies for distribution and exhibition include the
higher profit margin of digital distribution over DVDs. great convenience of digital movies.
Which of the following best describes the audience Nielsen prefers to use to produce its ratings?
households believed to be representative of the U.S. viewing audience as a whole
During World War I, the U.S. government took over the patents for radio in order to
improve the technology for military use.
The digital radio technology that uses digital compression to "shrink" digital and analog signals, allowing both to occupy the same frequency, is known as
in-band-on-channel (IBOC)
MP3 technology changed music distribution because
it allows music to be delivered to consumers in a nonphysical form. consumers could make their own CDs from downloaded music files.
Radio continues to focus on a local audience today because
it is affordable for local advertisers to advertise on the radio.
The most successful streaming service is platform agnostic, meaning
it is available on just about every new digital device.
Noncommercial radio stations provide
local educational programs. advertising-free radio. national network programs.
With the advent of television after World War II, the radio industry
lost network affiliations and advertising income.
20th Century Fox, Columbia, Disney, MGM/UA, Paramount, Universal, and Warner Bros. are all
major studios.
Before a movie is released and sometimes even before it is made, its concept, plot, and characters are subjected to
market testing with sample audiences.
In 1951, a national coaxial cable and ______ relay network was completed, giving television networks access to the entire United States.
microwave
The first two online-only large-scale magazines wanted to
mix reputable magazine journalism with the Internet's speed, interactivity, and instant feedback.
Theatrical films are movies that are
not straight-to-DVD. not produced exclusively for television. produced originally for theater exhibition.
The term "persistence of vision" refers to the fact that
objects in pictures, when viewed in a rapid sequence, appear to be moving.
The broadcast industry term for syndicated content that originally aired on a network is
off-network programs.
Which of the following are examples of ways that Hollywood films successfully competed with television in the 1950s and 1960s?
offering lavish spectaculars, using casts of thousands, which the small screen could not compete with contrasting itself with television, which catered to a mass audience, by presenting serious "message movies" that explored social issues
Which of the following best defines duopoly?
one person or company owning and managing multiple radio stations in a single market
Which of the following artists would be most attractive to a major label?
one that fits into an easily recognizable niche
The advertising and promotion of a Hollywood feature usually equals about ______ of the production costs.
one-half
Total annual billings for television make up more than _______ of all U.S. ad spending.
one-third
In addition to content, syndicators can provide entire formats to local stations, meaning the station
only needs to insert the local commercials.
Freely downloaded software is known as
open source software.
As a result of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, there are no national ______ limits for radio stations.
ownership
Radio's success increased during World War II because
people listened to the radio to hear news about the war. paper shortages made advertisers choose radio over newspaper for ads. the radio was a morale booster for those at home.
Before a network orders a show, a ______ or sample episode must first be made and approved.
pilot
Which of the following is the primary concern of studios regarding the online distribution of feature films?
piracy
The ______ is the strategy of opening a movie on only a few screens in hopes that critical response, good word-of-mouth reviews, and other factors will propel it to success.
platform rollout
Recording and downloading audio files stored on distant Web servers is called
podcasting
Networks today are led to produce their own shows because of the
potential profits of syndication.
Which of the following motivates companies to pursue syndication?
potentially huge profits
Pay-per-view cable channels are a form of
premium cable.
In many cases, a network has an idea for a new program and asks a proven ______ to propose a show based on that idea.
producer
One of the three component systems in the movie industry, ______ refers to the making of movies.
production
The importation of distant telecommunication signals accomplished which of the following?
provided access to a wider variety of programming
Controlled circulation refers to
providing a free magazine to readers who meet some specific set of attractive criteria for advertisers.
Which of the following serves as the basis for determining the cost of airtime in radio?
radio ratings
A secondary service is a
radio station's second, or nonprimary, format.
The flexibility to change content is an advantage in format radio because
radio stations can respond to the interests of their audiences.
Independent studios are defined as companies that
raise money outside the studio system to produce their films.
With an accountability guarantee offered to an advertiser, the magazine guarantees that
readers will remember an ad to an agreed-upon degree; if not, advertisers get free advertising until that point is reached.
Invented in 1903, the liquid barretter was the first device that could
receive wireless transmission of voices.
Brand magazines are published by
retailers and other businesses attempting to keep old customers and lure in new customers from a targeted demographic.
When advertising and marketing people are included in the green light process, they
say yes or no to a film's production. declare how much money and effort they will commit to a film they agree should be produced.
A radio station that specializes in light jazz sets aside several hours every week to air city council meetings. Offering the audio of these meetings falls into the category of
secondary services.
The second Harry Potter film and The Empire Strikes Back, which followed the release of Star Wars and continued the storyline, are examples of
sequels
Film distributors are responsible for ______ movies.
setting and adjusting the release dates of making copies of guaranteeing that exhibitors (theaters) will receive their copies of advertising and promoting
A program's ______ reflects its competitive performance, measuring the audience as a percentage of the TV sets in use at the time.
share
Which of the following were of interest to the primary readers of American magazines in the mid-1800s, prior to the Civil War?
short stories social commentary
Which of the following industry practices ended after the quiz show scandals?
single-advertiser-sponsored programs
Which of the following are ways that magazines make themselves attractive to advertisers?
single-sponsor magazines that allow only one advertiser throughout an entire issue split runs that offer an even more targeted demographic to advertisers
With the technological and cultural changes that were prompted by World War II, the magazine industry hit on what as the secret of success?
specialization and a lifestyle orientation
Which of the following emerged as a result of the quiz show scandals?
spot commercial sales
The sale of music in actual stores has been mostly replaced by
streaming music from the Internet.
The simultaneous downloading and accessing or playing of digital audio and video data is called
streaming.
The top-40 format pioneered by Todd Storz had which features?
strict adherence to a playlist catchy production gimmicks
Computers and satellites allow editors to instantly send editions to printing plants around the world, which is of key importance because
subscribers and sales outlets get incredibly quick delivery.
The social movement covered most by the earliest American women's magazines was
suffrage.
Distributing the same radio content to many different stations is called
syndication.
Specialized consumer magazines typically include advertising that is
targeted at a specific audience.
Which of the following age groups do major studios target with their movies?
teenagers young adults
The average American today watches
television for more than 32 hours a week.
Which of the following were used to promote television at the 1939 World's Fair?
television sets available for purchase regularly scheduled NBC broadcasts
Television received its first true public demonstration during
the 1939 World's Fair.
Which of the following are the two main competitors for magazines' advertising dollars?
the Internet television
As specialty or niche divisions of the major studios, corporate independents are responsible for which of the following?
the Lord of the Rings films Brokeback Mountain
Which of the following was a series of debates broadcast in 1960 that was a milestone in the cultural history of television?
the Nixon-Kennedy debates
Which law passed in 1967 united educational stations into one network?
the Public Broadcasting Act
Some analysts believe that direct-to-home digital distribution of movies may increase even more than expected because of which of the following?
the ability to transmit content from a smartphone or tablet to a TV on the same WiFi network direct-to-TV downloads via TV set-top boxes
What most attracts audiences to cable television?
the amount and diversity of programming
In 1938 the Justice Department challenged vertical integration, suing
the big five studios for restraint of trade.
Which of the following made the emergence of online magazines possible?
the convergence of magazines and the Internet
Which of the following was important in the success of premium cable?
the demand for premium movie packages
Piracy of music has decreased as a result of
the ease and inexpensiveness of streaming.
The personal nature of radio can best be attributed to which of the following?
the mobility of radio
Which of the following became more responsible for program quality than before as a result of the switch to spot sales on television?
the network
Lucille Ball's I Love Lucy led to which of the following?
the off-network syndication industry
What had generated great moral outcry in 1896, well before a slew of scandals rocked Hollywood in the 1920s?
the on-screen kiss in The Kiss
Which of the following were the designated beneficiaries of muckrakers in the first decades of the 20th century?
the poor
Magazine circulation is
the total number of a magazine's issues sold.
Broadcasting is best defined as
the transmission of music and voices at great distances to a large number of people.
Movies adapted from comic books and video games are increasingly attractive to studios, primarily because of
their built-in merchandise tie-in appeal.
High-concept films do well overseas because
their superficial characterization, limited plot development, and simple dialogue make them easy to translate and sell.
TV networks in the 1950s mostly acted as
time brokers
For the magazine industry as a whole, magazines tend
to have more subscriptions than single-copy sales.
Why was the Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC) established in 1914?
to offer reliable, fully researched circulation figures
Why do centralized networks link numerous smaller affiliate stations?
to sell viewers to advertisers
When setting advertising rates, several magazines offer advertisers the option of choosing between paid circulation and ______, which combines print and digital readership.
total audience
Which of the following are common types of tie-in merchandise with movie remakes of television programs, comic books, and video games?
toys animated films novels
True or false: One of the reasons the success of radio was guaranteed was because the phonograph made the public accustomed to listening to music at home.
true
The Radio Act of 1927 gave broadcasters the authority to
use the airwaves but not to own them.
Edwin S. Porter's The Great Train Robbery (1903) was the first movie that accomplished which of the following?
used editing and intercutting of scenes used a mobile camera told a relatively sophisticated tale
"Microcinema" refers to films that are made
using digital video cameras and desktop digital editing machines. with low budgets.
At a 1961 convention of the National Association of Broadcasters, FCC chair Newton Minow referred to television as a
vast wasteland.
In 1948, 10 years after beginning its case against Hollywood for ______, the Justice Department issued its ______ Decision.
vertical integration; Paramount
One of the major effects of deregulation on radio was
very limited local programming on radio stations around the United States.
The ability to watch pay-per-view movies and other content whenever a viewer wants is known as
video-on-demand.
Which of the following best defines cord-cutting?
viewers ending cable or DBS services and watching programs via the Internet
Which of the following best defines bitcasters?
web-only radio stations
Whereas the early Edison and Lumière movies ______, the films of Georges Méliès ______.
were shot in fixed frame, meaning that the camera did not move; included sequential shots taken in different places showed little more than filmed reproductions of reality; were the first narrative motion pictures
A Trip to the Moon (1902) by Georges Méliès is important to film history because it was the first significant motion picture
with a narrative or storyline.
The invention of the phonograph contributed to the success of radio because
with the phonograph, the public become accustomed to listening to music at home.
Americans who listen to podcasts on every month tend to be
young. comfortable with advertising. loyal to their chosen podcast.
In an attempt to compete with Eadweard Muybridge's ______, a machine for projecting slides onto a distant surface, Thomas Edison's employee William Dickson created the ______, a very early motion-picture camera.
zoopraxiscope; kinetograph
Which of the following is one way that the technology for sound recording improved after World War II?
A tape recorder, new technology from Germany, was introduced.
Which of the following are concerns critics have of AI (artificial intelligence) songwriting?
AI songwriting will produce more of the same music we already have. AI songwriting will destroy artistry in songwriting.
Which of the following are acceptable ways to label sponsored content, according to the Federal Trade Commission?
Advertisement Sponsored Advertising Content Paid Advertisement
Which of the following is an accepted magazine-industry practice regarding advertisers?
Advertisers are alerted when there will be content that might prove uncomfortable for them.
How do tools such as QR codes, augmented reality (AR), and NFC chips make magazines more appealing to readers and advertisers?
Advertisers can more readily engage readers with their print ads. Readers can instantly learn more about a product advertised in a print magazine's pages.
Brand magazines help advertisers with which of the following?
Advertisers need to stand out from the commercial media clutter.
Why would advertisers demand better measurement of magazine readership beyond "mere" circulation?
Advertisers want to know how readers are reacting to the magazine and their advertisements, in order to judge the return on their investment.
Which of the following best describes how the beginning of advertising sales changed the radio industry?
Advertising helped establish national radio networks, because bigger networks could earn more money.
Which of the following are true of binge watching?
Binge watching refers to viewing five or more episodes of a series in one sitting. More than 70% of TV viewers admit to binge watching.
Many critics maintain that conglomeration and foreign ownership are forcing the industry into a ______ mentality—filmmaking characterized by reduced risk taking and more formulaic movies.
Blockbuster
How are consumer magazines usually categorized?
Categories are determined by the magazine's targeted audience.
Which of the following are true of custom publishing?
Custom publishing came about as a way to reach very specific audiences in today's increasingly crowded media environment. The two broad categories of custom publishing are brand magazines and magalogues.
Whereas earlier filmmakers became known primarily for a single film, ______ made a number of important pictures, of which The Birth of a Nation is the most famous.
D. W. Griffith
Who among the following were broadcast journalists who famously covered major political conventions in 1956?
David Brinkley and Chet Huntley
Recognizing the potential of film after seeing A Trip to the Moon by Méliès, Edison Company camera operator ______ made ______, the first film to use editing and a mobile camera to tell a relatively sophisticated tale.
Edwin S. Porter; The Great Train Robbery
Which of the following statements are true of consumer magazines?
Examples of consumer magazines include TV Guide and Cosmopolitan. Consumer magazines are sold by subscription or at newsstands and other retail outlets. Readers can typically find consumer magazines at bookstores and supermarkets.
True or false: In the United States, radio stations today are found only in cities and their suburbs.
False
True or false: Magazines charge as much for print advertising as they do for online advertising.
False
Which of the following best illustrates the problematic nature of advertising's influence in editorial decision making?
For fear of offending pharmaceutical advertisers, an editor cancels a story about the hazards of blood pressure medications.
Which of the following statements about D. W. Griffith and his work are true?
Griffith used the camera in various ways, such as using close-ups, to convey emotion. Griffith scheduled rehearsals for actors, which was a new idea.
Which of the following was the first premium cable channel?
HBO
Which of the following statements are true about why MP3 technology became popular?
It allowed listeners to download individual songs rather than entire albums. It was less expensive than buying CDs.
Which of the following statements about BitTorrent are true?
It is a file-sharing technology that is largely anonymous. It involves the simultaneous download of "bits" of a piece of content from many servers.
Which of the following are true of direct broadcast satellite (DBS)?
It is a multichannel service. In the U.S., DBS is dominated by two companies: DirecTV and Dish Network.
Which of the following are characteristics of radio today?
It is mobile. It is personal. It is specific.
Which of the following statements about online distribution of feature films is true?
It is now routine.
Which of the following are characteristics of radio after the introduction of television?
It is specialized, with different formats for different stations. It is more personal and no longer characterized by big networks.
How did the sinking of the Titanic affect the wireless industry?
It led to the Radio Act of 1912, which strengthened regulation of wireless operations.
Which of the following accurately characterize the impact of sound on the movies?
It made possible new genres such as musicals. Film production became much more complicated and expensive. Actors and actresses had to really act, not just mouth lines.
Which of the following statements about format radio is true?
It means some potential audience members will not listen.
Which of the following best defines muckraking?
It refers to a form of journalism that agitated for social change.
The Communications Act of 1934 did which of the following?
It replaced the Federal Radio Commission with the Federal Communications Commission as the regulatory authority of the airwaves.
Which of the following statements about a television show's share are true?
It reveals how a show stacks up against its competition in its time slot on the night it regularly airs. It provides information about what proportion of the actual audience a show attracts.
Which of the following statements about D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation (1915) are correct?
It used montage to convey emotion and heighten suspense. It cost $125,000 to produce, making it the most expensive movie up to its time. The film had a cast of thousands.
Which of the following best describes how Emile Berliner's gramophone improved on the original "talking machine" invented by Edison?
It used recordings that could be easily duplicated.
Which of the following statements about the Motion Picture Patents Company (the Trust) are correct?
It was a group of 10 companies that controlled the patents to virtually all filmmaking and exhibition equipment. Anyone who wanted to make or exhibit a movie needed the permission of the Trust. The MPPC made and enforced rules about the length and look of movies.
Which of the following statements about the Hollywood 10 are accurate?
It was a group of screenwriters and others who refused to answer questions regarding any affiliation with the Communist Party. Citing the Bill of Rights, the Hollywood 10 refused to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee.
How was I Love Lucy innovative in the way it was produced?
It was shot using film cameras. It was edited for the ideal shots. It was produced in California instead of New York.
Which of the following explains the modern magazine's appeal to advertisers?
Magazine readers tend to be more engaged with advertising content.
Which of the following were reasons the magazine industry grew in the late 1800s?
Magazines became cheaper to mail. Magazines became less expensive, making them affordable for more people. More people were literate, allowing them to read and enjoy magazines.
Why were magazines considered the "perfect outlet" for the newly formed advertising agencies of the late 1800s?
Magazines had a large, national readership.
How did the content of American magazines change in the mid-1800s?
Magazines increasingly covered American social issues, such as labor reform.
Which of the following is one reason the mass circulation magazines of the 1920s be considered the "television of their time"?
Mass circulation magazines were the primary source of national news.
Which of the following statements about mobile devices and television is true?
Mobile devices have made television watching an anywhere, anytime activity.
Which of the following are among the ways mobile digital technologies are affecting magazine consumption?
Mobile users can now gain access to hundreds of magazine titles by subscribing to a single service. Some mobile technologies are designed to be used by readers of print magazines.
Which of the following statements is true of television in the 1950s?
More television sets were sold in the United States than there were children born.
Which of the following are true of Netflix?
Netflix-streamed content is the single largest component of American Internet traffic. Netflix streams movies.
Which of the following are examples of regional cable networks?
New England Cable News Fox Sports South North-West Cable News
Which of the following statements about overseas marketing of American movies are correct?
One reason big-name Hollywood stars can command giant salaries is that they have strong international appeal. Films such as Jupiter Ascending and The Gods of Egypt that did poorly at home can earn much more money overseas. Only 2 in 10 U.S. feature films make a profit on U.S. box office, so studios depend on overseas sales.
Why do online-only magazines have a hard time competing against online versions of hard-copy magazines?
Online versions of hard-copy magazines have a built-in audience of those loyal to their print counterparts.
Which of the following statements about the recording industry is true?
Only one of the three most powerful recording companies is U.S.-owned.
In 1939, RCA agreed to pay patent royalties to which inventor?
Philo Farnsworth
Which of the following are the key reasons why a greater number of independent films are now reaching audiences?
Promoting a movie has become easier and less costly thanks to social media and other Internet resources. The cost to shoot and edit a film on digital equipment is no longer as prohibitive as it once was. The Internet has facilitated filmmakers' ability to distribute a film.
Match the type of technology (on the left) with its definition (on the right).
QR code matches Choice, a digital code that directs a reader to a website when the code is captured by a mobile device a digital code that directs a reader to a website when the code is captured by a mobile device NFC chip matches Choice, a code that connects a reader to an advertisers' digital content when a mobile device is placed near an ad a code that connects a reader to an advertisers' digital content when a mobile device is placed near an ad augmented reality matches Choice, technology that links users to websites containing information about things in the real world at which they point their phone technology that links users to websites containing information about things in the real world at which they point their phone
Why is print magazine advertising considered more effective than online magazine advertising?
Readers pay more attention to print advertising.
Which of the following are reasons for the creation of the Radio Corporation of America?
Several different companies owned pieces of vital technology, which made them more effective as a single company. The U.S. government was afraid of foreign domination of radio.
Which of the following statements regarding sponsored content are true?
Sponsored content refers to articles that are paid for by advertisers. It is generally difficult to distinguish between sponsored content and editorial content.
Which of the following statements about television as an advertising medium are true?
Television advertising is influential and effective. Television advertising accounts for about 40% of all ad spending in the United States.
to sell viewers to advertisers
Television advertising is influential and effective. Television advertising accounts for about 40% of all ad spending in the United States.
Which of the following drove magazines toward specialization as a method of survival?
Television became a powerful medium for national, mass-audience advertising.
D. W. Griffith is best known for his 1915 masterpiece, ______ which is considered the most influential silent film ever made.
The Birth of a Nation
Which of the following best describes the modern disc jockey as envisioned by creator Todd Storz?
The DJ would play more music and talk less.
Which of the following are true of the U.S. film industry of the 1910s and 1920s?
The Hollywood studio system had the advantage of longer shooting seasons. By the mid-1920s more than 350,000 were making their living in film production. Companies such as Paramount and the Fox Film Company were formed by several independents joining together.
Which of the following were the trends that marked Hollywood in the 1940s and 1950s?
The film industry rid itself of much of its best talent in order to avoid suspicion during the "Red Scare." The film industry worked to keep its content (and its stars) away from television.
Which of the following was the radio industry's solution to the problem of how to make money once everyone owned a radio?
The industry began selling advertising radio spots.
In which of the following ways has the Internet changed the recording industry?
The industry no longer dictates who and what listeners will be exposed to. Listeners are no longer relying on major labels to learn about new music.
Which of the following statements explains why advertisers find controlled circulation magazines so attractive?
The magazines offer a narrowly defined, captive audience of a certain class.
Which of the following statements about movie ticket sales today are accurate?
The number of tickets purchased by the average moviegoer is the lowest it has been since 1999. Movie industry insiders are nervous about current and future sales.
Which of the following statements about nickelodeons are correct?
The price of admission to a nickelodeon was 5 cents. The number of nickelodeons increased 10-fold from 1907 to 1908, the first year there were more narrative films than documentaries. After The Great Train Robbery, nickelodeons popped up all over the country, often in converted facilities.
Which of the following statements about the production component system of the film industry are true?
The production component system is the creation of movies. The production component system has been affected by technology.
What was the government's involvement with radio broadcasting in the 1940s?
The public interest informed government regulation.
Which of the following are disadvantages of subscriptions for magazines?
The publisher must pay postage costs. Subscriptions are sold below the cover price.
Which of the following statements about how the recording industry works in the age of the Internet is true?
The recording industry has less power over listeners.
Which of the following statements about digital video recorders (DVRs) are true?
The spread of DVRs has not had a significantly negative impact on traditional programming sources. DVRs have given viewers quite a bit of control over their viewing habits.
Which of the following statements about the three largest American movie chains are true?
They account for approximately half of all the screens in the country. They sell nearly 80% of all tickets in the country.
In what ways do musical artists use social networking to connect with listeners?
They build their own YouTube channels. They communicate directly with listeners on fan pages. They create their own sites and connect with sites designed to feature new artists.
Which of the following are reasons major movie studios continue to cater to young people?
They hope to make money off of licensing deals and product tie-ins, which young people like. The types of films that appeal to young audiences also do well overseas, thus increasing earning potential.
Which of the following are reasons telecommunication satellites have helped radio experience a resurgence?
They made the redistribution of content to many stations affordable. Audiences can receive radio broadcasts though their television sets.
Which of the following statements about major studios and their corporate independents is true?
They produce only about 20% of each year's feature films.
In which of the following ways did disc jockeys "desegregate" music in the 1950s?
They took a "color-deaf" approach to introducing music by African American artists to listeners.
Which of the following statements about digital video discs (DVDs) are true?
They usually come with extra features. Viewers can search for and jump to specific scenes.
Which of the following are characteristics of digital video recorders?
They will record a scheduled program when provided the program name. Many will identify and record programs that feature a favorite actor. They will play back a portion of a program in progress while continuing to record it.
Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville may have made the first sound recording, but history traditionally credits
Thomas Edison.
Which of the following accurately explain why the new medium of television took off after World War II, quickly eclipsing the movie industry?
Though the diffusion of TV to the public was halted with the onset of war, its technological development was not. During the war, radio networks and advertising agencies began preparing for a postwar future dominated by television. Instead of emerging as a fledgling medium in 1946, television was already technologically and economically sophisticated.
Which of the following explains what Time is trying to accomplish by offering advertisers the choice between total audience and paid circulation?
Time can appeal both to advertisers that value magazine subscribers and to those who value reaching as many readers as possible.
Which of the following statements about today's radio audience is true?
Time spent listening has been declining.
Which of the following statements about movie production statistics are correct?
Today about 700 feature-length films are produced annually, a large increase over the early 1980s. In 1985, Hollywood turned out nearly 300 feature-length films.
Who invented the concept of the modern DJ who plays more music and talks less?
Todd Storz
True or false: An innovation the film industry made in the 1950s to help recapture audiences from television, CinemaScope involved projecting on a large screen more than two times wider than it was tall.
True
True or false: Industrialization was one factor in the explosion of the number of advertising agencies in the late 1800s.
True
True or false: Magazines became cheaper in the late 1800s, which caused them to grow in popularity.
True
True or false: Magazines themselves use their subscriber lists to market products geared toward that particular readership.
True
True or false: Radio is still the main medium people use to consume audio content.
True
True or false: Television has changed the way people teach, govern, and preach.
True
True or false: The idea of broadcasting came about before radio was actually developed.
True
True or false: William Dickson's kinetograph was an early motion-picture camera that used celluloid roll film.
True
All-channel legislation in 1962 required that all television sets be equipped with which types of receivers?
UHF VHF
Which of the following companies were part of the Hollywood studio system that developed in defiance of Edison's Motion Picture Patents Company during the 1910s?
Universal Triangle Company Paramount
Which of the following are effects of the music industry's focus on profits over artistry?
Unknown artists with fresh ideas are often dropped from labels. There has been a decline in record sales because of a lack of music originality.
Which of the following statements describe effects of cultural homogenization on the music industry?
When most music is controlled by giant corporations, the artists have little individuality. Manufactured groups that produce unoriginal music tend to dominate the industry.
Which of the following explains why reliable statistics about magazine readership and demographics are important?
Without oversight, magazines could create inflated numbers to lure advertisers.
Which of the following did Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville record on his phonautograph in 1860?
a folk song
A good example of a controlled circulation magazine is
a free in-flight magazine provided on an airplane.
Which of the following was needed to view and enjoy movies in the early 20th century?
a nickel
Which of the following best describes an IP-based movie?
a production based on an already existing story or character with a built-in fan base
Which of the following types of location is most commonly associated with the exhibition component system of the movie industry?
a theater
Which of the following did the Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992 require operators to offer?
a truly basic service
What one characteristic was common to the popular 1920s magazines Saturday Evening Post, Good Housekeeping, Life, Look, and Reader's Digest?
a wide, national circulation
What important change to ratings systems have many broadcasters demanded, in order to present a fuller picture of a show's total audience?
accounting for multiplatform and nonlinear TV viewing
Which of the following is provided by expanded basic cable?
basic service plus extra channels with broad appeal
Radio advertisers usually assume that an audience for a particular format of radio will
be loyal to the advertisers on that station.
Which of the following are necessary to watch true television on the Internet?
broadband Internet connection adequate bandwidth
The trustee model of broadcast regulation is based on the premises that
broadcasting has a large sphere of influence. licenses should be awarded based solely on necessity. those who broadcast must be regulated, because spectrum space is limited.
The consolidation of services using cable technology, such as Internet service, cable television, and phone, is known as
bundling.
Which of the following are magazines' main competition for today's specialized advertising dollars?
cable TV channels specialized-content websites
A concept film is a movie that
can be described in one line.
Radio advertising is more cost effective than television advertising because radio ads
can be targeted to air during a particular time of day. are inexpensive to produce and therefore can be changed and updated frequently.
Most online versions of magazines charge for access to print magazine content that appears online because
charging encourages subscribers to continue their print subscriptions rather than switch to online only.
Production, distribution, and exhibition make up the three _________ of the movie industry.
component systems
Exhibitors make much of their money from ______, which account for 40% of a theater's profits.
concession sales
Among the specific forces driving the blockbuster mentality are
conglomeration. foreign ownership.
Complementary copy is
content that reinforces an advertiser's message.
Under the system of operation known as vertical integration, the big movie studios in the 1930s
controlled movies from shooting to screening, guaranteeing their distribution and an audience. produced their own films, distributed them through their own outlets, and exhibited them in their own theaters.
Which of the following is not one of the reasons that many more feature-length films are being produced today than in the early 1980s?
increased interest in seeing movies
In 1877 Eadweard Muybridge arranged a series of still cameras along a stretch of racetrack, and the resulting photos of a horse sprinting past showed him that photos, when viewed sequentially,
create the appearance of motion.
Advertisers find specialized magazines
desirable because they reach a targeted audience that is receptive to their products.
One of the three component systems in the movie industry, ______ involves supplying movies not only to theaters but also to TV, cable and satellite networks, DVDs, and Internet streaming companies.
distribution
The component systems of the movie industry include which of the following?
distribution production exhibition
Which of the following groups did British and early American magazines pursue as their audience in the 1700s?
educated, wealthy gentlemen
The Motion Picture Production Code (MPPC) did which of the following?
enforced its rules by imposing a fine of $25,000 forbade the use of profanity, as well as a number of words ranging from "God" to "nuts" limited bedroom scenes to married couples and ruled out scenes that ridiculed public officials or religious leaders
One of the three component systems in the movie industry, ______ is the component that the average person encounters by going to the local multiplex to see a movie.
exhibition
Which of the following best characterizes the changes that occurred because of the Telecommunications Act of 1996?
fewer limits on station ownership
The spread of premium cable was assisted by the diffusion of what kind of technology?
fiber optic cable
Today the magazine industry is making alterations in how it does business, primarily in order to
help magazines compete with television and the Internet for advertising dollars.
In addition to her skill as a comedic actress, Lucille Ball was known for which of the following?
her shrewd business sense
Which of the following services does the cable television industry offer today?
high-speed Internet digital telephone services television
The content of women's magazines of the late 1800s was largely made up of
informational articles for housewives.
TV services such as one-click shopping and video-on-demand were made possible by
interactive cable.
Despite a high number of unique visitors each month, online-only magazines struggle because
it is expensive to create original content, especially when not subsidized by paper magazine sales.
American Lee DeForest's invention of the audion tube was significant in early radio because
it made the reliable transmission of sounds possible.
Brand magazines are important to advertisers because
it takes less money to retain an existing customer than to find a new one.
Which of the following are reasons the industry itself blames for the recent decline in radio listening?
online music sources too many commercials mobile technologies such as smartphones
Even with countless non-network channels in operation, television is dominated by network and network-type content because
people's viewing preferences have been shaped by the networks over decades. network shows that proved popular in the past continue to air on local stations. newer outlet channels still rely on network-established mechanisms for producing and distributing their shows.
Early films would not have been possible without which earlier development?
photography
The illegal recording and sale of copyrighted material is known as
piracy.
The "picture dots" used to produce an image are also known as
pixels.
A predetermined sequence of selected music broadcast on radio is called a
playlist.
Copyright is best defined as
protection of content creators' financial interest in their product.
Despite Hollywood's triumphs in the 1930s, the end of the decade brought bad news for the film industry, including which of the following?
the first public broadcast of a television program by RCA in 1939 the Justice Department's vertical integration suit in 1938
The biggest problem with the use of digital technology in film today is
the increased production costs.
What major event happened in Hollywood during the period 1926-1928?
the introduction of films featuring sound
Which of the following was developed by Vladimir Zworykin?
the kinescope the iconoscope tube
What led the networks to demand that performers sign loyalty oaths?
the pressure of McCarthyism and the Red Scare
What party owns the rights to a program and can sell the syndication package after enough episodes are made?
the production company
After the arrival of television, radio listeners typically started listening to the radio in which of the following ways?
while they were doing other things alone so that they could choose music and program formats they liked