COMM 131 7-9

Which type of example always describes an imaginary, nonfactual, situation?

Hypothetical

Strategic organization helps speeches be more effective. Which of the following are positive effects of strategic organization?

-the speaker has more confidence -the audience believes the speaker is more competent -the audience better understands the speech

How many main points should classroom speeches contain?

2 to 5

Encyclopedias, yearbooks, and quotation books are publications called

reference works.

When you are giving a speech and say, "My second point is," which of the following are you using?

A signpost

When using a hypothetical example in a speech, it is wise to include which of the following to support the example?

Testimony Statistics

In a birthday toast to her husband, Sandra said, "Physical fitness expert Bonnie Prudden once said, 'You can't turn back the clock. But you can wind it up again.' So here's to many more years of winding!" Which of the following are reasons why Sandra used a direct quotation?

The direct quotation is witty and compelling. The quotation is brief and conveys what Sandra wants to say better than she can.

In which method of speech arrangement does a speaker narrate a series of events in the order in which they occurred?

Chronological order

Which of the following might be found on a list about how to best use testimony in a speech?

Do I give credit to the original source of all quotes? Do I use testimony from unbiased sources? Do I identify the sources of all testimony?

Connectives help join one thought to another in a speech and include which of the following?

Signposts Internal previews Transitions Internal summaries

Timothee is planning a speech to persuade his audience that swimming is a healthy form of exercise. If he only wants two main points, which of these statements about swimming would best fulfill his specific purpose?

Swimming improves mental health. Swimming strengthens the whole body.

Citing the views of experts can make a speech

more persuasive.

Following an investigative interview, what should you focus on when you review your notes?

Finding the main points expressed in the interview Identifying informative details you can include in your speech

While working on the body of the speech, you realize that the process you have just discussed is complex, so you decide to review the steps of the process before going to your next point. What type of connective would you likely add?

Internal summary

How do experts suggest that you view the relationship between looking for research resources on the Internet and research at a library?

Internet sources supplement library research.

Leslie's specific purpose is "to persuade my listeners that action must be taken to stop the child slave trade." Which organizational pattern would best fit Leslie's specific purpose?

Problem-solution

While researching your topic, you will begin to see relationships among ideas that will help you to do which of the following to improve your speech?

Sketch out main and supporting points Experiment with ways to organize your thoughts

Keisha is giving a speech on the planets in the solar system, starting with the planet closest to the sun and ending with the farthest. Which organizational pattern is she using?

Spatial order

At a library you can use the catalogue to search for a book by which of the following?

Subject Keyword Author Title

Daniel is presenting his speech to his classmates. He uses examples, testimony, and statistics to support his ideas. He does not explain his sources during the speech, but he does show his bibliography on a PowerPoint slide at the end of the speech. What common error has Daniel made in his speech?

He failed to cite his sources orally.

If you quoted your sister about her experience at summer camp, you are using what type of testimony?

Peer testimony

Why should a speaker strive to balance the amount of time devoted to main points?

Because main points are important and speakers should be sure they all receive enough emphasis.

A hypothetical example is an example that describes

an imaginary or fictitious situation.

If your specific purpose is "to persuade my audience why they should eat only organic produce," each of your main points must include

a reason why listeners should only eat organic produce.

In his speech, Joe says, "George Washington Carver, Lonnie G. Johnson, Percy Julian." By reciting a list like this that relates to his topic, Joe is using

brief examples.

Stories about personal experiences

can help strengthen the points made in a speech.

John is giving a process speech about the steps in baking an apple pie. Because he wants to talk about the steps in the order in which they need to be completed, he should use

chronological order.

Instead of being a boring routine that just gathers information, the research process can be a very ______ process.

creative

Speakers have a(n) ______ responsibility to use testimonies accurately and effectively.

ethical

Illustrations, or narratives, are a type of supporting material referred to as

extended examples.

If you were giving a speech about a Japanese tsunami, and you quoted a local survivor on the hardships endured, you would be using ______ testimony.

peer

While researching a topic, you should keep a list of all sources you find on the topic. This is referred to as a(n) ______ bibliography.

preliminary

If Frankie wanted to find some words of wisdom or clever sayings, she would best be served by looking in a(n)

quotation book.

If you are using the Internet to research the importance of fandoms in modern culture, which of the following would be the worst search term?

Fandom

Bernardo is preparing to do some research for an important speech. He should remember

follow the new leads and then move back to your original question list.

A speaker says, "Next, we will look at three important Civil War battles that took place in Tennessee. These are Shiloh, Nashville, and Franklin." This is an example of a(n)

internal preview.

An internal preview

lets the audience know with some detail what the speaker will discuss next. works just like a preview statement in a speech introduction but in the body of the speech.

A connective statement in the middle of a speech that explains what you are about to discuss is called an internal

preview.

A speaker who combines two ideas into one main point is not following the guideline for keeping main points

separate.

You are giving a speech about school violence, and you briefly mention Columbine, Virginia Tech, and the Amish school shootings in a sentence. You are using

specific instances.

Harry is outlining a speech about the need for an intern network at his college, and he has calculated the proportion of the speech taken by each main point. Which strategy would most benefit his outline? I. An intern network for college students increases success after graduation and it helps a college be competitive with other colleges with intern networks. 70% II. An intern network can be established through contacts with alumni. 30%

Keep main points separate.

What is the purpose of a preliminary bibliography?

To keep track of potential sources

LaShawnda is conducting research and taking notes for her upcoming presentation. What should she remember about formatting her notes?

To use subject headings for each note

Librarians can be an asset for research because they

are trained in research methods.

The two main tasks after a research interview are to review your notes and to

transcribe your notes.

A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has completed one thought and is moving to another is called a(n)

transition.

Among the tips for using statistics are to

use numbers sparingly. name the source of statistics. round off numbers.

Changing the speed and tone of your _______ , Correct Unavailable depending on the type of example you are giving can affect how listeners respond to your speech.

voice

When citing sources in your speech, you do not need to include all of the information that you would use in a written bibliography. What you include depends on

your topic. your audience. the claim you are making. the kind of supporting material you are using.

Which of the following is an example of an effective signpost?

"First, I will discuss what fracking is."

Which strategy is necessary to ensure that each main point receives enough emphasis when preparing main points for a speech?

Balance the time devoted to each main point.

Which of the following is an example of an effective internal summary?

"In short, olives are native to the Mediterranean region but have since spread all around the world."

Speeches without examples generally come off as which of the following?

Impersonal Vague

What are the primary strategies for preparing main points in speeches?

Balance the time dedicated to each point. Create independent points for clarity. Use parallel wording to improve comprehension.

Which of the following are ways you can greatly increase your odds of finding useful information when using a search engine?

By selecting the type of source, such as "book" or "video" By developing a search strategy By typing in more specific terms or phrases to get fewer results

Which organizational pattern first looks at factors that result in an event, then looks at the effects of the event?

Causal

Which of the following questions may be on a list about effectively using statistics in a speech?

Do I relate the statistics to the audience? Do I use statistics to quantify ideas? Are my numbers from reliable sources?

What are the two major kinds of testimony?

Expert and peer

If your main point is "Olives have a long history as a staple in the human diet," which of the following would be appropriate supporting points?

For centuries, olives have been turned into cooking oil. Olives have been eaten in Crete since at least 3,000 BCE.

Which of the following statements are true about a research interview?

It is a highly skilled art when done well. It can be a good way to get information for a speech. It is a tool that has been used by journalists for a long time.

Which of the following are basic steps that lead to a successful outcome from a research interview?

Listen carefully Keep the interview on track Repeat the purpose of the interview Don't overstay your welcome

A strong example in a speech achieves which of the following?

Makes the speech topic more personal and relevant to the audience Provides vivid details Creates a visual image for the audience

Which are the major styles most commonly used by communication scholars for citing sources in a bibliography?

Modern Language Association (MLA) American Psychological Association (APA)

What are three other names for extended examples?

Narratives Anecdotes Illustrations

Assume the first two main points of your speech are "Online advertising can reduce marketing costs," and "Online advertising can be changed quickly." Which of the following examples would be an example of your third point in parallel form?

Online advertising can reach a wide audience.

Examples that make the most impact on an audience are usually which of the following?

Richly textured Specific Vivid

Why are stock phrases less effective in speeches than connectives are?

Stock phrases distract listeners. Stock phrases make the speech seem uncoordinated and disjointed.

How does the Internet research differ from using a traditional library?

The Internet has no catalogue.

Which of the following are always stated in a transition?

The idea the speaker is about to start discussing. The idea the speaker has just finished discussing.

Which of the following are true of signposts?

They are frequently just numbers. They are brief statements that indicate exactly where you are in a speech.

Which of the following statements about using statistics in a speech are true?

They can be used to show the seriousness of an issue. They can be an effective way to clarify and support ideas.

Which three of the following are most important to consider when deciding the order of main points in your speech?

your purpose your topic your audience

As you encounter the titles of books, magazines, and Internet documents you may use as sources for your research, you should

create a bibliography

In your speech you decide to use a vivid and detailed narrative about a camping trip you took last year to illustrate one of your points about camping. This type of supporting material is called a(n) ______ example.

extended

Which of the following questions should be on a checklist about using examples in a speech?

Do I use examples to explain my ideas? Do I use examples to personalize my ideas?

Which of the following are guidelines for the effective use of statistics?

Explain any statistics that are used. Use visual aids to clarify statistical trends. Use statistics sparingly.

Renee is writing a speech about threats to the global elephant population. How would you best combine her two related main points below? I. Elephants are endangered animals. II. Habitat loss and the ivory trade threaten the elephant population.

Habitat loss and the ivory trade have caused elephants to become endangered.

Ben is interviewing the dining hall director about the nutritional value of dining hall meals. He says, "Many believe that school meals are unhealthful due to the amount of fat and salt used in preparation. Why do you feed students this food?" The dining hall director becomes defensive and refuses to answer any more questions. What did Ben do wrong?

He asked a leading question.

In which of the following cases is Wikipedia a good choice for research?

When you need information about additional resources on a topic When you are beginning to learn about a topic

Maddie has to present a speech tomorrow, but she still hasn't decided how to organize her main ideas and needs to gather some additional supporting statements. She most likely could have avoided these problems by

getting an earlier start on her research.

Harry is giving a speech in class on endangered species. He has conducted a significant amount of research and includes some of the data he found in his speech. How else could Harry lend credibility to the information he is reporting?

Include quotations from experts on endangered species

Topical order is when you organize your speech

by dividing the speech topic into subtopics, each of which is a main point.

Although you do not need to recite all of the information in your Works Cited list about your source, which of the following should you typically include in your oral citations?

The type of document, the author, the date published, and the author's qualifications

True or false: Search engines can be used to help use the Internet effectively for research.

True

Using personal experience to supplement outside information in a speech

brings the speech to life.

According to 19th-century physicist Lord Kelvin, when a person can measure and express what they are speaking about in ______, they have proved that they know something about the topic.

numbers

When a speech uses ______ order, it is divided into two main parts. The first of these parts discusses the existence of an issue, while the second proposes a way to fix the issue.

problem-solution

Why is important for a speech to be well organized?

Unlike reading a text, the audience cannot reread parts to better understand the message. The speaker's coherence affects the listener's perception of the speech.

Which of the following methods for note-taking tend to be most efficient?

Using subject headings Taking plenty of notes Distinguishing among direct quotations, paraphrases, and your own ideas Making a separate entry for each note

What are the key points to keep in mind when using testimony in a speech?

Paraphrase accurately Quote accurately Use qualified sources Use unbiased sources

In her speech on how to perform the Heimlich Maneuver, Julie began by saying, "Suppose you are having dinner with a friend when suddenly your friend can't seem to catch her breath. When your friend begins to turn blue, you realize she is choking." This is a type of ______ example.

hypothetical

When preparing interview questions, it is best to avoid

leading questions. loaded questions. questions you can answer without the interview.

Henri is giving a speech on exhibits at the local zoo and wants to discuss the exhibits in the order readers would see them if they were to follow the main path through the zoo. Henri will be using ______ order for his speech organization.

spatial

Jian speaks about the failure of the South Fork Dam in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, in the late 1800s. His first main point discusses how the dam's failure impacted the local communities. His second main point discusses the factors leading to the dam's failure: heavy rains and poor upkeep. Jian's speech is organized in which order?

Causal order

Once you have the call number to locate a book for library research, you can

go to the physical location of the book.

How has Wikipedia become a more reliable source of information since its early years?

Content under development is flagged to warn readers of its newness. Articles have been edited and refined over time to improve accuracy. Many articles are accompanied by a set of additional resources to enhance research.

Match each pair of main points (with the relative time needed for each in parentheses) with the strategy that would be the most effective in improving each pair.

Keep main points separate. matches Choice, I. The city should fund youth sports programs and advertise sports camps in schools. (60%) II. The charges for local sports programs should be reduced. (40%) I. The city should fund youth sports programs and advertise sports camps in schools. (60%) II. The charges for local sports programs should be reduced. (40%) Write main points with parallel wording. matches Choice, I. First, we need to recruit volunteers to collect signatures. (50%) II. Training volunteers to collect signatures is the second step. (50%) I. First, we need to recruit volunteers to collect signatures. (50%) II. Training volunteers to collect signatures is the second step. (50%) Balance coverage of main points. matches Choice, I. Sales have increased with the release of our new product. (20%) II. Hiring new employees has allowed us to meet greater demand. (80%) I. Sales have increased with the release of our new product. (20%) II. Hiring new employees has allowed us to meet greater demand. (80%)

Which of the following main points use parallel wording with the first main point "Origami is the Japanese art of paper folding"?

Origami includes many popular designs, such as paper cranes. Origami is usually done with a type of paper called kami.

What are differences between a preliminary bibliography and the final bibliography?

The final bibliography is turned in with your speech outline. The preliminary bibliography cites all sources that look like they might be relevant.

Wade has created a list of main points for his speech about how to increase involvement in his college's student government. Which points follow the tip to keep main points separate?

Put up flyers where students can see them, such as in the student union. Establish more incentives for students to participate. Advertise about the student government in the college newspaper.

For research on a speech about recycling, Sharon wrote down a citation for a newspaper article that she found online as "Conrads, David. Home deconstruction: Can an entire house be recycled? Christian Science Monitor. csmonitor.com." Which of the following should she have also included in her citation to follow APA style?

The date the article was published The first and last page of the article, if available

When students fail to start their research early, which of the following problems are likely to occur?

The research takes longer than expected. Needed books may not be available. A research interview cannot be scheduled in time. There is insufficient time to think about findings.

Clive says in his speech, "According to Suzanne Smofield, 93 percent of chemo patients who ingested some form of medical marijuana found relief from nausea." What should have been included in his oral citation?

The source of the information (book, magazine, newspaper, etc.) The date the information was published

Critically evaluating your research can alter speech content by doing which of the following?

Helping you organize your speech Showing you new connections between ideas Changing your perspective

Chronological order Main points follow the sequence in which they happened. Spatial order Main points follow a directional or structural pattern. Causal order Main points demonstrate a cause-effect relationship. Problem-solution order Main points demonstrate that a problem exists and provides a potential solution. Topical order Main points are ordered by category.

Chronological order Main points follow the sequence in which they happened. Spatial order Main points follow a directional or structural pattern. Causal order Main points demonstrate a cause-effect relationship. Problem-solution order Main points demonstrate that a problem exists and provides a potential solution. Topical order Main points are ordered by category.

Kendra is giving a speech on the city of Denver. Her first main point is "Denver is full of fun things to do and see." Which of the following would be appropriate support for this main point?

Denver's Botanic Gardens hosts events and lectures. Denver's 16th Street Mall is lined with restaurants and shops for browsing.

Manuel is a librarian at a college library, and every day he sees hundreds of students looking for resources for doing research. What could Manuel tell the students about his job?

He can help them find all kinds of information because he is a trained professional.

Alana wanted to speak about climate conditions that might favor tornado formation in the United States. For testimony she used a document by researchers Schaefer and Marzban on the NOAA website, and she said, "Schaefer and Tatom (1998) looked at the mean Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the strip 5 deg. N to 5 deg. S and 180 deg. W to 150 deg. W and wrote, 'A Kruskal-Wallis H test was then used to see if any difference in different tornado measures exists between El Niño, La Niña and neutral years. Also the entire contiguous U.S. and three sub-areas were considered. All six of these combinations failed to have significance at the 99 percent level. One could not state with confidence that El Niño/La Niña had any effect on tornado or strong tornado activity.'" Why should she have paraphrased instead of using a direct quotation?

The quotation is longer than two or three sentences. The wording of the quotation is cumbersome and contains technical terms.

When preparing for an interview, the interviewer needs to do which of the following?

Set up a time for the interview Determine whom to interview

Conducting a research interview is

a complex process when done well.

Samantha explained her grandmother's trick for grilling hamburgers by saying, "To yield the juiciest burgers, my grandmother told me she would make a small impression on the top of the burger, then she would place a small ice cube in that indentation while the burger grills." Samantha was ______ her grandmother.

paraphrasing

Steps to take during an interview include

setting up the recorder. dressing in a reasonable way. repeating the purpose of the interview. keeping the interview from veering off course.

Quotations or paraphrases from trusted sources that are used to support a point are known as

testimony.

A speech about the four major factors to consider when choosing a cell phone would most likely be arranged in ______ order.

topical

Assume that your specific purpose statement is "to inform my audience about leadership of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the Federal government." Which of the following would most likely be the main points of your speech?

The executive branch of the Federal government is headed by the president, who is responsible for carrying out federal laws. The legislative branch of the Federal government is headed by Congress, which includes the House of Representatives and the Senate. The judicial branch of the Federal government is headed by the Supreme Court and is responsible for interpreting the constitution and reviewing laws.