comm midterm

Post hoc

"A" happened first, so it caused all the rest

What are some of the examples of non-verbal communication (by the speaker) during a speech?

-Body language -eye contact -use of space

Argumentation and Evaluation Guide is used to...

-Discern and assess information -Select the best and most effective evidence

Main Body includes:

-Evidence and statistics, such as charts, graphs, images, etc. -Detailed description of main points and arguments.

Which statement(s) are *NOT* true for feedback in public speaking?

-Feedback is received only at the end of the speech. -Feedback is only possible in face-to-face communication.

Examples of external noise during public speaking are:

-Honking of cars. -Clapping noise from the class next door.

"Death by PowerPoint" means-------

-Relying too much on using the PowerPoint -Adding too much text in the PowerPoint

Introduction includes:

-Scope, purpose and goal of the speech. -Thesis statement/central idea/research question. -Brief description of main points and arguments.

What are the three foundational elements of effective public speaking?

-Scope, purpose and goal. - Topic selection. - Audience analysis.

Conclusions includes:

-Summary of main points and arguments.

Some of the problems with conceiving communication in the linear model were:

-context emptiness -limited chance of feedback

Some of the important characteristics of a professional communicator are:

-integrity -Honesty -civility -credibility

Formal outline

-represents the entire speech done by the speaker

What are the major components of communication model?

-speaker -message -receiver

Which is/are *NOT* among the most important factors in situational audience analysis?

-speaker's income -speaker's busy schedule

Some of the examples of internal noise (for the speaker) during public speaking are:

-yawning audience -lack of preparation

the Poor Disguise

Although the writer has retained the essential content of the source, he or she has altered the paper's appearance slightly by changing key words and phrases.

Which is the most preferred method of delivery of speech for most college professors?

Extemporaneous speaking

An example of a search engine is Twitter.

False

An impressive baritone voice will surely overshadow a bad body posture and nervous hand movements.

False

Audience analysis can only be done at the location of the speech, looking at the audience. No audience analysis is possible prior to coming to the location.

False

Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is inferior than another's culture.

False

Even if the speaker does not maintain eye contact with the audience, audience will not notice it.

False

Even if you don't know about a topic in detail, you can make up information to answer a question asked by the audience.

False

Everything needs to be cited only once, in a bibliography format, at the end of the essay.

False

If the speaker feels comfortable, it is okay to fix gaze at one corner of the room.

False

It is not necessary to put citations in the PowerPoint.

False

It is okay to not cite if you have paraphrased a sentence from a source

False

It is okay to not include the citations in the speaker's or preparation outline.

False

Logical arguments do not have to be based on evidence, fact, or obvious correlation. It can also be based on what is popularly perceived and believed to be true.

False

One person can only have situational or topical public anxiety, but not both.

False

One should always choose the most attractive visual aid, even if it does not apply directly to the topic.

False

PowerPoint slides do not need to be cited

False

Speaker does not need to read out the citations aloud.

False

Specific purpose statements can be a full sentence or a sentence fragment and can be written like questions.

False

Title of a speech is same as the topic of the speech.

False

Visual aids are self-explanatory, so they do not need to be explained/discussed by the speaker

False

While preparing for a speech, you should let others, such as your parents, teachers or friends decide your style of preparation and success benchmarks, because they know you well.

False

You should never customize your speech based on situational analysis of your audience.

False

What is critical thinking?

How we assess information to discern the reliability of evidence, credibility, research, logic, decision making, etc. in public speaking.

Slippery slope

One thing leads to another and another and another.

What is morality in Public Speaking?

Our beliefs and understanding of right and wrong.

Straw Man

Posing the topic in its worst or weakest possible scenario, rather than the topic at hand

As per your textbook, the three criteria to evaluate validity of the materials of your research are:

Recency, sponsorship and authorship

Causal Order

Shows the cause and effect relationships within the topic.

The Forgotten Footnote

The writer mentions an author's name for a source, but neglects to include specific information on the location of the material referenced. This often masks other forms of plagiarism by obscuring source locations.

the Labor of Laziness

The writer takes the time to paraphrase most of the paper from other sources and make it all fit together, instead of spending the same effort on original work.

The Ghost Writer

The writer turns in another's work, word-for-word, as his or her own

A visual aid is for the audience's understanding, not for the speaker to read it aloud.

True

Both voice and non-verbal body-language are used to add meaning to a speech.

True

Bullet points can be used in speaking outline.

True

Content from social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, Instagram, can be used as valid source.

True

Depending on the content of your speech, you may rely on the use of a drawing as your visual aid.

True

Due to the largely egocentric nature of general audience, maintaining eye-contact helps the speaker to keep the audience's interest

True

Egocentrism is the idea that one is so self-interested that they only pay attention to what directly relates to them.

True

Ethics are the principles we use as a basis for our actions and judgments.

True

Feedback refers to both the verbal and nonverbal communication speakers receive from the audience.

True

For an evidence to be timely, it has to be published in last couple of years, irrespective of the topic of the speech

True

Formal outline must be written in complete sentences and paraphrase.

True

Identifying the specific purpose and a title of the speech is one of the first steps in preparing an effective speech outline.

True

It is mandatory to cite every data and information that you've taken from some source.

True

One must prepare at least three types of outlines for a speech.

True

One of the ways speakers can captivate the attention of the audience is by showing their excitement and enthusiasm about the topic they are speaking.

True

One should not pass materials out before the speech, unless it is impossible to include in the visual aid.

True

One way to practice critical thinking in public speaking is to distinguish and choose between possible conclusions.

True

Only one citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago) should be followed throughout the document.

True

Speaker must utilize the space in the room/stage, to generate maximum interest of the audience.

True

To establish a claim in a speech, one has to provide reasoning about the validity, applicability, cultural context and possible bias of the evidences used.

True

Visual aids are not supposed to replace the speaker, it is to support the speaker

True

You are required to cite from your sources during your speeches.

True

Red Herring

Unnecessary info is brought in to distract

Which of the following is/are important factor(s) in selection of topic for a speech?

a) Choosing a topic speaker has basic knowledge about. b) Choosing a topic speaker is interested in. c) Choosing a topic which is relatable to the audience.

Four most general purposes of a speech are:

a) Inform, Persuade, Demonstrate, Entertain

Which is/are *NOT* among the most important demographic factors in audience analysis?

a) Language c) Access to technology e) Food habits f) Location of the speech g) Timing of the speech

Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, and Action is a pattern specifically designed to be most effective in persuading an audience to follow the speaker's line of argument. This is known as:

a) Motivated sequence

Ethnocentrism is:

a) The belief that one's own culture is superior than another's culture.

Chronological order

based on a time pattern associated with the main points

Speakers' outline

can be written like a screenplay

articulation

clarity through space between words

Public speaking is the process of:

designing and delivering a message to an audience

inflection

emphasis on words

preperation outline

for speaker's prep

Pitch

highness or lowness of voice

Topical Order

information flows from subtopic to subtopic under the bigger umbrella of a main topic/idea

Spatial Order

looks at objects, places or events in their spatial relationship to each other

Tone

vocal changes when speaking