COMM103 SDSU Mid-term

Communication myths...

- everyone is a communication expert! -communcation solves every problem -more communication is always better - communication is always good

communication need- identity

a large role in shaping the way individuals see themselves (telling jokes)

allness statements

a statement implying that a claim is true without exception

symbols

a thing that represents or stands for something else

communication need- physical

addresses physical and mental

rule of parallel wording

all points and subpoints in your outline should have the same grammatical structure

extemporaneous speech

carefully prepared to sound spontaneous, *most common type*

relational dimension

carries signals about nature of relationship

model of comm- action

communication a one-way process, includes source, message, channel, receiver, noise, encoding, and decoding

model of comm- interaction

communication a two-way process, includes source, message, channel, receiver, noise, encoding, decoding, feedback, and context

metacommunication

communication about communication

model of comm- transaction

communication that doesn't distinguish between roles of source and receiver, both people in conversation are simultaneously sources and receivers

interpersonal

communication with one other person

intrapersonal

communication with yourself

denotative

dictionary definition

equivocation

disguises speaker's true intentions through ambiguity

Anchor and contrast approach

draft an ambitious request (anchor) and then ask what you actually want (contrast) Ex: Asking for $50 but only wanting $5

incremental plagiarism

failing to give credit for small portions of your speech (phrase or paragraph)

co-culture

groups of people who share values, customs, and norms related to mutual interests besides national citizenship

rule of sub division

if you divide a point into subpoints you must have at least two subpoints.

pragmatic

implications/interpretations of statements

communication need- relational

includes companionship, affection, relaxation, and escape

communication need- spiritual

includes principles and morals people value

IIPEG-reasons why we speak

inform, introduce, persuade, entertain, give honor

Ambiguity

lack of certainty

Sapir- whorf hypothesis

language shapes our views of reality 2. Society's attitudes and behaviors reflected in its language

content dimension

literal information the communicator is communicating

Communication Accommodation Theory

may enhance credibility by speaking in a dialect that is familiar to the audience

semantic

meaning of individual words

communication need- instrumental

meets practical, everyday needs - must be met first

channel rich/ channel lean

multiple communication channels( face to face)/ less channels (twitter)

impromptu speech

no preparation, given on the spot

syntactic

order of words in phrases and clauses

etymology

origin or history of word

collectivist

people believe their primary responsibility is to their community and employer

individualistic

people believe their primary responsibility is to themselves.

low/high context

people expected to speak directly or indirectly

social validation

people will comply if they believe others are too - 'everyone else is doing it'

objective source

presents information in an unbiased fashion (informative speech)

subjective source

presents information only in favor of their position on an issue (persuasive speech)

implicit/ explicit

rules not articulated/ rules clearly articulated

monochromic

sees time as a valuable commodity that should be used wisely and not wasted.

rule of subordination

some concepts in your speech are more important than others

global plagiarism

stealing an entire speech and calling it your own

jargon

technical terminology that is only understood by others in the same co-culture, helps communicate accurate, specific and efficient

Ethnocentrism

the ability of only seeing from your cultures point of view( or thinking your culture is superior)

norm of reciprocity

the expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future

linguistic relativity

the language we speak influences how we see the world.

communication

the process that humans use to exchange information and create meaning

linguistic determinism

the structure of language determines how we think

culture

the totality of learned & shared symbols, language, values, and norms that distinguish one group from another

behaviors

the way in which one acts or conducts oneself

signs

use of gestures to convey information or instructions

euphemism

vague, mild expression that symbolizes and substitutes for something blunter or harsher

polychronic

views time as holistic, fluid and infinite

patchwork plagiarism

when you take information from multiple sources and call it your own

memorized speech

word for word from memory

scripted speech

word for word on a manuscript and read aloud exactly

weasel words

words intended to mislead a person by implying something they didn't say

arbitrary

words mean what we choose for them to mean

loaded words

words with strongly positive or negative connotations

connotative

your own meaning