Commas, Colons, and Semicolons

Add commas where needed: "I want my daddy" the little girl sobbed with tears in her eyes.

"I want my daddy," the little girl sobbed with tears in her eyes.

In what ways are colons used?

-After a business salutation -Introducing a list -Time and ratios -NOT used after verb or preposition -After these, as follows, or the following

When do you use commas?

-After introductory adverb clause -Join independent clauses with fanboys -Separate adverb clause from independent clause -Separate series of 3 or more things -In between two or more adjectives -Close non-restricted phrases or clauses -Separate an interjection, introductory words, a phrase or clause from the rest of the sentence -Include a title after a name -Set apart parts of addresses

What are more ways to use commas?*

-Before+after year with a month+day(no comma if no day) -Before+after interrupting flow phrase -Separate dialogue -Clarity or emphasis -After conjunctive adverbs -Separate series of #s -After casual salutation -Directly addressing people -Separate introductory prepositional/participle phrase -Prevent misreading -Closing of letter*

In what ways are semicolons used?

-Connects complete thoughts/sentences that are closely related -Separate series -Join sentences where clauses are long and subdivided by commas (Even if coordinating conjunction is used, too) -Before conjunctive verb

Add commas where needed: After Christmas shoppers can often find bargains.

After Christmas, shoppers can often find bargains.

Add commas where needed: Although Iceland is a northerly country the climate is relatively mild.

Although Iceland is a northerly country, the climate is relatively mild.

Add commas where needed: The woman who was wearing the exotic hat turned out to be a spy.

Correct answer! "who was wearing the exotic hat" is a mandatory phrase, so it doesn't have commas.

Add commas where needed: Mr. N'Funo called on him because he raised his hand.

Correct! It doesn't need a comma since because is not a coordinating conjunction.

Add colons/semicolons where needed: This glass "bubble" can be formed into the desired shape by squeezing, twirling, or stretching it.

Correct! No colon because of preposition.

Add colons/semicolons where needed: Fiberglass, which is made of tiny but solid rods of glass, has many uses.

Correct! No need for either.

Add commas where needed: The new model started production in September 1995.

Correct! There are no commas used when there is only a month and a year.

Add colons/semicolons where needed: The result is a solid with the properties of a liquid that can be blown, molded, spun, or drawn into endless shapes.

Correct! There is no need of a colon since 'is' and 'be' is a verb.

Add colons/semicolons where needed: Flat glass is used when very clear, precise vision is required it comes in the following classifications sheet, plate, and float.

Flat glass is used when very clear precise vision is required; it comes in the following classifications: sheet, plate, and float.

Add colons/semicolons where needed: Flat glass, optical glass, and decorative glass were used prior to this century however, many special types of glass have been invented since 1900.

Flat glass, optical glass, and decorative glass were used prior to this century; however, many special types of glass have been invented since 1900.

Add commas where needed: If they get too large dogs should live outside.

If they get too large, dogs should live outside.

Add colons/semicolons where needed: In glass blowing, a worker uses a hollow iron blowpipe with one end dipped in molten glass she or he blows gently into the pipe until the molten glass bulges out and forms a hollow tube.

In glass blowing, a worker uses a hollow iron blowpipe with one end dipped in molten glass; she or he blows gently into the pipe until the molten glass bulges out and forms a hollow tube.

Add commas where needed: It looks as if the team will move to Baltimore Maryland or St. Louis Missouri.

It looks as if the team will move to Baltimore, Maryland, or St. Louis, Missouri.

Add commas where needed: Jeremy enjoys camping and hiking and his best friend does, too.

Jeremy enjoys camping and hiking, and his best friend does, too.

Add colons/semicolons where needed: Raw materials used in making optical glass must be pure in order to make flawless lenses for eyeglasses, cameras, and telescopes therefore, the production of optical glass is expensive.

Raw materials used in making optical glass must be pure in order to make flawless lenses for eyeglasses, cameras, and telescopes; therefore, the production of optical glass is expensive.

Add commas where needed: Samantha Slegeski D.D.S. is our new family dentist.

Samantha Slegeski, D.D.S., is our new family dentist.

Add commas where needed: Symphony orchestras use members from all four families; however marching bands use only woodwinds brass and percussion.

Symphony orchestras use members form all four families; however, marching bands use only woodwinds, brass, and percussion.

Add colons/semicolons where needed: The fiberglass industry fills the following needs heat insulation, yarn and cloth, electrical insulation, firefighters' suits, and automobile bodies.

The fiberglass industry fills the following needs: heat insulation, yarn and cloth, electrical insulation, firefighters' suits, and automobile bodies.

Add colons/semicolons where needed: The first human-made glass was used as a glaze on ceramic vessels but it is not known when, where, or how people first learned the glass-making process.

The first human-made glass was used as a glaze on ceramic vessels; but it is not known when, where, or how people first learned the glass-making process.

Add commas where needed: The headquarters of the organization are at 190 20th Avenue Seattle WA 98122.

The headquarters of the organization are at 190 20th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98122.

Add colons/semicolons where needed: The shaping of glass can be accomplished by these four methods blowing, pressing, drawing, and casting.

The shaping of glass can be accomplished by these four methods: blowing, pressing, drawing, and casting.

Add commas where needed: The sousaphone named for the March King is a marching band version of the tuba.

The sousaphone, named for the March King, is a marching band version of the tuba.

When is a non-restricted phrase essential?

When it uses that in the sentence.

When is a non-restricted phrase nonessential?

When it uses which in the sentence.

Add commas where needed: When the announcer called my name I was so embarrassed that my face turned as red as an apple.

When the announcer called my name, I was so embarrassed that my face turned as red as an apple.

Add commas where needed: Where the snow covers the ground all winter animals have difficulty finding food.

Where the snow covers the ground all winter, animals have difficulty finding food.

Add commas where needed: Yes the vibrating string makes the sound.

Yes, the vibrating string makes the sound.

Add commas where needed: You can get copies of the brochure by writing to 517 S.W. 11th Street Topeka KS 66612.

You can get copies of the brochure by writing to 517 S.S. 11th Street, Topeka, KS 66612.