Communicable Diseases
What bacterial diseases can vaccinations help protect against?
Bacterial diseases that vaccinations can help protect against are: - tetanus - tuberculosis - whooping cough - diphtheria - pneumonia
What are behaviors that boost the immune system?
Behaviors that boost the immune system include: - getting adequate exercise and rest. - getting proper nutrition - avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs - managing stress
Categorize the following factors as controllable or uncontrollable: - exercise - ethnicity - age - nutrition - hygiene - genetics - health care - gender
Controllable Risk Factors: - exercise - nutrition - health care - hygiene Uncontrollable Risk Factors: - gender - genetics - ethnicity - age
What are controllable risk factors?
Controllable risk factors are within a person's control. They include: - exercise - nutrition - personal hygiene - clean water - health care
How do communicable diseases spread?
Communicable diseases can spread rapidly. This can occur through: - an increase in air travel - an increase in worldwide trade
What diseases can fungus cause?
Fungus can cause: - athlete's foot - ringworm
What is a communicable disease?
A communicable disease is an illness that can spread from one person to another. These types of diseases: - are also known as infectious diseases - can be spread by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites
What diseases can a parasite cause?
A parasite can cause: - malaria - tapeworm
What diseases can a protozoan cause?
A protozoan can cause: - giardia - toxoplasmosis
What diseases can a virus cause?
A virus can cause: - influenza - HIV/AIDS - chicken pox - the common cold - hepatitis
What is athlete's foot?
Athlete's foot is caused by a fungus. - It is characterized as a scaly, red, and itchy rash - It can cause blisters and chronic dry skin. - It can spread to other parts of the body such as the hands or the groin.
Categorize the following diseases to either bacteria or virus: - salmonella - common cold - influence - Lyme disease - HIV/AIDS - strep throat
Bacteria: - salmonella - Lyme disease - strep throat Virus: - common cold - influenza - HIV/AIDS
What diseases can bacteria cause?
Bacteria can cause: - strep throat - salmonella - bacterial meningitis - tuberculosis - Lyme disease
What are chemical barriers of the immune system?
Chemical barriers include: - Secretions on the skin - Mucus in the mouth, nose, and throat - Saliva and tears - Digestive system
How do doctors help fight diseases?
Doctors may prescribe medications to help a person fight disease more efficiently: - Antibiotics prevent bacteria from multiplying, allowing the immune system to fight infection more successfully - Antiviral medications may shorten the duration of an illness
How can individuals, families, and communities advocate for disease prevention?
Individuals can: - practice good hygiene - keep up with required vaccinations - access available health care when necessary Families can: - teach children good hygiene habits - help children access health care Communities can: - respond when an outbreak occurs - enact public policies that promote health and wellbeing
When should you seek medical help?
Individuals should seek medical care if: - their symptoms persist - they have difficulty breathing - their fever goes above 101 degrees - they cannot eat food or drink water
What is malaria?
Malaria is a life-threatening disease that is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. - Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and spread by mosquitoes. - In 2015, there were 212 million cases of malaria. - About 429,000 people died from infection
Marcus hears about a recall of prewashed, bagged spinach. A few people contracted salmonella poisoning following consumption of the spinach. Marcus is shocked by the news. Just a few days prior, he purchased this brand of spinach and had some with his dinner, and he has not been feeling well. His stomach is upset, and he has a slight fever. Now that he knows about the recall, what measures should Marcus take? Check all that apply: (A) wash his hands after disposing of the remaining spinach (B) get an adequate amount of rest (C) continue eating the spinach once he feels better (D) hang out with friends despite feeling queasy (E) contact his doctor if his fever goes above 101 degrees
Now that he knows about the recall, what measures should Marcus take? Check all that apply: (A) wash his hands after disposing of the remaining spinach (B) get an adequate amount of rest (C) continue eating the spinach once he feels better (D) hang out with friends despite feeling queasy (E) contact his doctor if his fever goes above 101 degrees
What are physical barriers of the immune system?
Physical barriers include: - The skin, which provides a barrier of cells - Cilia, tiny hairlike structures in a person's air passages
What do state and local agencies do to regulate and promote health?
State and local agencies: - Inspect food for pathogens - Ensure safe drinking water - Establish vaccination schedules for children - Report communicable diseases
What is strep throat?
Strep throat is caused by a bacterial infection. - It is characterized by severe throat pain - There can be fever, headache, and body aches - Complications include kidney inflammation and rheumatic fever.
What does the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) do to regulate and promote health?
The centers for disease control and prevention (CDC): - Manages disease outbreaks - Ensures safe food and water - Works globally to reduce threats to the nation's health - Conducts research to improve the fight against disease
How does the immune system work?
The immune system protects the body from diseases. - The body works to recognize harmful organisms and viruses - The organs, cells, and tissues work together to fight them. - Individuals develop protections against diseases when they are exposed to them
What three things must happen for diseases to spread?
Three things must happen for a disease to spread: 1. Presence of Pathogens: A pathogen exists in a place where people can be exposed 2. Exposure: A person is exposed to the pathogen and the immune system fails to stop it. 3. Illness The pathogen multiplies in the body and the exposure causes the person to become sick.
What are uncontrollable risk factors?
Uncontrollable risk factors are outside of a person's control. They include: - genetics - ethnicity - age - gender
What is herd immunity?
Vaccinations also help to provide herd immunity for groups. Herd immunity occurs when a large enough portion of a population is vaccinated. - Vaccinated individuals are less likely to contact or spread a disease - Unvaccinated individuals benefit from others being vaccinated.
What are vaccinations?
Vaccinations provide immunity against some diseases by: - boosting the immune system. - reducing the effects of a contracted disease. - decreasing the chances of transmitting a disease after being exposed
What viral diseases can vaccinations help protect against?
Viral diseases that vaccinations can help protect against are: - influenza - measles, mumps, and rubella - chicken pox and shingles - polio - hepatitis
Public health is the science of protecting and improving the health of families and communities through promotion of healthy lifestyles, research for disease and injury prevention, and detection and control of infectious diseases. Overall, public health is concerned with protecting the health of entire populations. These populations can be as small as a local neighborhood, or as big as an entire country or region of the world. Public health professionals try to prevent problems from happening or recurring through implementing educational programs, recommending policies, administering services, and conducting research—in contrast to clinical professionals like doctors and nurses, who focus primarily on treating individuals after they become sick or injured. Public health also works to limit health disparities. A large part of public health is promoting healthcare equity, quality, and accessibility. CDC is our nation's premier public health agency. - "What Is Public Health?" Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Public health is the science of protecting and improving the health of families and communities through promotion of healthy lifestyles, research for disease and injury prevention, and detection and control of infectious diseases. Overall, public health is concerned with protecting the health of entire populations. These populations can be as small as a local neighborhood, or as big as an entire country or region of the world. Public health professionals try to prevent problems from happening or recurring through implementing educational programs, recommending policies, administering services, and conducting research—in contrast to clinical professionals like doctors and nurses, who focus primarily on treating individuals after they become sick or injured. Public health also works to limit health disparities. A large part of public health is promoting healthcare equity, quality, and accessibility. CDC is our nation's premier public health agency. - "What Is Public Health?" Centers forDisease Control and Prevention Which are responsibilities of public health agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention? Check all that apply: (A) to protect the health of communities (B) to conduct research to improve the treatment of diseases (C) to prevent disease, illness, and injuries (D) to treat individuals after they become sick (E) to detect outbreaks of disease and oversee a response to them (F) to manage health care for individuals
Which are responsibilities of public health agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention? Check all that apply: (A) to protect the health of communities (B) to conduct research to improve the treatment of diseases (C) to prevent disease, illness, and injuries (D) to treat individuals after they become sick (E) to detect outbreaks of disease and oversee a response to them (F) to manage health care for individuals
Which situations put people at risk for disease transmission? Check all that apply (A) sneezing without covering their noses (B) disinfecting water from a local stream before drinking (C) cutting up vegetables on a dirty countertop (D) getting bitten from an infected mosquito (E) washing hands before handling food (F) having close physical contact with a person who is sick
Which situations put people at risk for disease transmission? Check all that apply (A) sneezing without covering their noses (B) disinfecting water from a local stream before drinking (C) cutting up vegetables on a dirty countertop (D) getting bitten from an infected mosquito (E) washing hands before handling food (F) having close physical contact with a person who is sick
How do you prevent diseases?
You can take many steps to help prevent the spread of disease: - Wash your hands frequently - Cover your mouth or nose when you sneeze or cough - Avoid contact with others' bodily fluids. - Get required vaccinations - Stay home when you are ill