Communications 1301 Ch 4 Review
Film attendance soared w/ the number of comeback of the marvel comic series
False
Off-network syndication
refers to the licensing of a program originally run on network television (or in some cases first-run syndication) to be rerun. The rule of thumb is that once a series has 100 episodes (a mark usually reached in a show's fifth season given the standard run of 20-22 episodes per season), it is viable for syndication.
What age group watches the most TV?
people over the age of 50 watch the most television.
how much time/day people watch T.V.
12 hours
How much time do U.S. adults spend watching TV? Approx.
4 hours and 4 min
smart television
A "smart" television is really a hybrid—it is a television set that can also be connected to the internet. You can stream content, run entertainment apps, and some models use voice recognition add-ons, such as Alexa to change channels or search for programs
blockbuster
A film that is widely popular and is a huge commercial success
persistence of vision
A phenomenon where the human eye is tricked into seeing motion when images are rapidly changed
what does a smart TV do?
Combines television and internet
What caused the audience decline of the Big Three networks in the 1980s
By the 1980s, the Big Three networks (ABC, CBS, and NBC) were threatened by the advent of widespread adoption of cable television. By 1990, 53 million people had cable television.
Who funds the corporation for public broadcasting
Congress
Who funds the Public broadcasting system?
Congress, viewers, donors
Know how many lines of resolution there are in a standard TV and High Definition TV
Earlier transmissions consisted of 525 lines of resolution.27 HDTV's resolution could range from 720p to 1080i. 4K or Ultra High-Definition transmission displays four times as many pixels on the picture as a HDTV (1080p display and 23 times as much resolution of a standard definition television)
how did film react when TV started becoming popular?
Film tried a few changes to bring people to theaters based on technological invocations and content. But first they tried to restrict television's access to their films. They didn't want television taking their films and showing them for television viewers unless they were many years old—and then only late at night, it seemed. Television networks had to pay for the privilege and only after the film studio had wrung all the money out of it they could. Of course, this battle eventually ended. film studios tried to go big and bold against television by filming in letterbox and cinemascope or widescreen formats as well as in 3D and Technicolor (recall television was still in only black and white at this time).
What are the advantages of Digital film?
First is cost. Not only is it costly to process film, much of it can be wasted in a day's shooting. It can't be reused. Digital production means projects can stick more closely to their budget. Second, traditional film editing in post production involving physically cutting the film and splicing it together, is time-consuming, especially when adding visual effects. Digital post production, meaning using software, makes that addition as well as audio tracks much easier and quicker. Third, shooting film the traditional way is time-consuming, too. Multiple shots and multiple camera setups take time. With digital cameras it is simpler and faster. And finally, the distribution obviously of sending files via the internet to theatres and cable companies is cheaper and easier than sending film canisters. These digital files may even go directly to the consumer in a short matter of time
how many households have SVOD
Nielsen data shows us that half (50 percent) of U.S. homes now have subscription video on demand (SVOD) as well as digital video recorders (DVRs)
Know who was the head of the MPAA when the film rating systems was adopted
In 1968, the president of the MPAA, Jack Valenti, introduced the film-rating system we know as G, PG, R, and NC-17.46 Later, refinements were made to include a PG-13.
Know what the Hays Code did and why it was created
In general, stories told in film couldn't "lower the moral standards" of audience members or generate sympathy for those that committed crimes or sinned. Nudity, suggestive dancing and kisses full of lust were banned as was illegal drug use, mocking of religion and featuring crimes that could be easily copied. The standards were supposedly voluntary but theatre owners wouldn't show films that didn't carry the Hays Production Code stamp of approval in their opening credits, which amounted to a mandatory compliance.
content on premium tv services such as HBO is not regulated because
It doesn't use the scarce electromagnetic spectrum to deliver programming to homes and it costs money to invite it into your home
know why PBS was created and how its funded
Local affiliates rely on donations from "viewers like you," foundations, and underwriting—a type of advertising that is regulated so that it doesn't come across as too crassly commercial.
what optical illusion makes us believe still photos are moving to create a film?
Physiological illusion called persistence of vision
who were the Hollywood 10 and why were they jailed?
Ten screenwriters and directors refused to "name names" of others suspected of having Communist ties and condemned the committee's actions as violating their civil and First Amendment rights. As a result, they were jailed for one year for contempt of Congress and ordered to pay a fine of $1,000. U.S. House of Representatives created an investigative committee called the House Un-American Activities Committee. Its charge was to ferret out what was alleged to be Communist influence in the film industry in the 1940s and 1950s.
what was the ruling in the U.S. v. Paramount ruling?
The Department of Justice filed suit against Paramount Studios and six others to break up their own vertical integration, which had an enormous impact on how the studios made films and made money. Even the independently-owned movie theaters were forced to take what were known as block bookings in order to also have the popular or A movies. If you wanted a studio's A movie, you also had to take two of their B movies - less popular, not as well-made and with lesser actors—as an example.
how many hours people spend with media as well as the multi-tasking part of it -
The amount of time we spend with media continues to increase. In 2017, a survey from eMarketer shows adults in the United States are spending more than 12 hours a day connected to media—watching television, surfing the web on a computer, using apps on their phone, or listening to the radio. This figure, though, includes multitasking in its calculations, meaning an hour spent watching television while you simultaneously spend an hour browsing the internet on your phone counts as two hours.
know percentages of how many households have a T.V. set
The most recent census data indicates that 96 percent of U.S. households have a television set.
What does it mean if a program is syndicated?
This reflects both the ability to bypass the major networks to produce television programming and a key way in which those networks can make more money off the shows they have already produced. Typically when a different television network buys the license and obtains the broadcast rights for television programs. It can also refer to game shows, which are produced independent of a network.
know history of relationship between film industry and TV and what the current state is
Ticket sales dropped off in the 1950s from an all-time high in 1948.
Digital film production has many advantages over the traditional chemically processed film production
True
Streaming or OTT services have generated a new high number of scripted, original programming for TV
True
The number of U.S. households that own a TV set has dropped slightly
True
underwriting
a type of advertising that is regulated so that it doesn't come across as too crassly commercial.
the legacy of fear refers to the fear that people have of learning how to use new technology; older people suffer more from this fear
false
Geo-stationary orbit
fixed-position satellite, called geostationary orbits because they follow the rotation of the Earth.
First-run syndication
is when a program is broadcast for the first time as a syndicated show. Such programs are usually created specifically to be sold directly into syndication
vertical integration
occurs when a company owns all aspects of production and distribution of its product
Legacy of fear
the belief that whenever a new media technology becomes popular it will have a negative effect, especially on children
The adoption of TVs after WW2 hurt film attendance
true
syndication
typically when a different television network buys the license and obtains the broadcast rights for television programs. It can also refer to game shows, which are produced independent of a network
The paramount court decision in 1948 stopped
vertical integration
know what the corporation for Public Broadcasting does and how its funded
what some see as a response to the wide adoption of television and what a FCC chairman decried as "a vast wasteland" of programming options, Congress created the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) with the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967. The CPB manages the operating expenses that the federal government provides for public television, radio and online and mobile programming. It passes along 70 percent of its allocation to approximately 1,500 local public radio and television stations. The funding is earmarked to provide everyone access to noncommercial and "high quality content" especially for Under served audiences segments such as minorities and children
what caused the number of viewers for the big 3 networks (ABC, CBS, NBC) to drop in the 1980s
wider adoption of cable
