Communications_Chapter 9

What are the four kinds of speech connectives? What role does each plain in a speech?

6a. transitions, internal previews, internal summaries, and signposts 6b. refer to the definitions for each

main points

the major points developed in the body of a speech. most speeches contain from two to five main points

supporting materials

the materials used to support a speaker's ideas.... the three major kinds of supporting material are ex. stats and testimony

What is the most important thing to remember when organizing supporting materials in the body of your speech?

...because misplaced supporting materials are confusing to listeners... and details and evidence need to be directly relevant to the main points they support.

How many main points will your speeches usually contain? Why is it important to limit the number of main points in your speeches?

2a. Most speeches will contain 2-5 main points. 3 main points is the norm. 2b. you do not have time in classroom speeches to develop more than 5 points and if you have too many points, te audience will have trouble sorting them out.

What are the five basic patterns of organizing main points in a speech? Which are appropriate for informative speeches? Which is most appropriate for persuasive speeches? Which is used most often?

3a. chronological order, spatial order, causal order, problem-solution order, topical order 3b. All are appropriate for informative speeches 3c. Problem-solution order is most used for persuasive order 3d. topical order is used more often

What are three tips for preparing your main points?

4a. keep main points separate and distinct 4b. use parallel wording in your main points 4c. balance the amount of time devoted to each main point

Why is it important that speeches be organized clearly and coherently?

Research shows that well-organized speeches are easier for listeners to comprehend... and that listeners find speakers who give well-organized speeches more competent and trustworthy

problem solution order

a method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the solution to the problem

topical order

a method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics

spatial order

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern

chronological order

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern

causal order

a method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause effect relationship.

internal preview

a statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next

internal summary

a statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points.

signpost

a very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas

connective

a word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them

transition

a word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another

strategic organization

putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience