Community Chap 9

B. Both 1 and 4

A nurse working in a hospital oncology unit notices that the number of lung cancer admissions has increased in a particular zip code. What steps should the nurse take to determine what is causing the increase? A. Notify the nurse manager. B. Both 1 and 4 C. Disregard admissions records for similar cases. D. Present the findings to the public health department for their review.

2. ≥30

A nurse working with adult patients diagnosed with diabetes noted that most of them were obese and that this is a risk factor not only for developing the disease but for morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. The nurse knows that a body mass index of ____ indicates a person is obese. 1. 25-29.9 2. ≥30 3. 18.5-24.9 4. ≥40

A. 35.7 %, 16.7%

A nurse working with diabetes patients noted that most of them are obese and that this is a risk factor affecting their disease. The nurse knows that in 2009 and 2010 approximately ____ of U.S adults and ____ of children were obese, meaning they had a body mass index greater than or equal to 30. A. 35.7 %, 16.7% B. 22.5%, 17.9% C. 40%, 15% D. 25.5%, 35.5%

C. Both 1 and 2

A pediatric nurse in Florida reviewed a report for the state's schools and found which of the following statistics? A. Twenty-one percent of schools required students to take two or more health education courses. B. Seventy-six percent taught 14 key nutrition and dietary behavior topics in a required course. C. Both 1 and 2 D. Ten percent taught a required physical education (P.E.) course in all grades in the school.

D.All of the above

A public health nurse (PHN) can employ which of the following to help determine what leads to the development of disease? A.Case control study B.Cohort study C.Epidemiological survey D.All of the above

1. Case-control study, cohort study

A public health nurse (PHN) employs which two type of studies to help determine whether specific risk factors are associated with the development of disease? 1. Case-control study, cohort study 2. Cohort study, cross-sectional survey 3. Cross-sectional study, case-control study 4. Clinical trial, cross-sectional survey

B. Both 1 and 3

An important part of a nurse's role is to make sure patients understand the importance of ____ in treating their chronic disease. A. Adhering to medication regimens B. Both 1 and 3 C. Practicing CDSM D. Eating anything they want

3. Both A and B.

Cardiovascular nurses know that more than a third of adults have two or more risk factors for heart disease and stroke, which may include: 1. High blood pressure. 2. An inactive lifestyle. 3. Both A and B. 4. Normal body weight.

C.Both 1 and 2

Cardiovascular nurses know that over a third of adults have two or more risk factors for heart disease and stroke, which may include A.High blood pressure B.An inactive lifestyle C.Both 1 and 2 D.Normal body weight

2. Focus on the full continuum of the disease.

In caring for patients with noncommunicable diseases (NCD), nurses in a primary care clinic must not only understand the pathophysiology of the disease but also must primarily: 1. Focus on the acute stage of disease. 2. Focus on the full continuum of the disease. 3. Focus on screening for disease. Conduct research related to treatment of the disease. 4. Focus on primary prevention.

B. Know the pathophysiology of the disease. C. Understand the disease from a public health perspective. D. Help patients understand self-management techniques.

In caring for their chronic disease patients, nurses must do which of the following?Select all that apply. A. Know others who have or have had the disease. B. Know the pathophysiology of the disease. C. Understand the disease from a public health perspective. D. Help patients understand self-management techniques. E. Work in a hospital setting.

2. How to get genetic testing

Nurses working on a medical unit focused on treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) decide to put together a program to reduce risk for the development of CVD and reduce morbidity in persons who have already been diagnosed with CVD. They include in their program all but which of the following? 1. How to incorporate healthy eating habits into their daily menu 2. How to get genetic testing 3. How to self-manage CVD 4. How to increase their amount of daily exercise

B. Both 1 and 3

Nurses working with chronic disease patients assess them based on which of the following risk factors? A. Nutrition B. Both 1 and 3 C. Alcohol and tobacco use D. Height

1. It cannot be prevented by a vaccination. 2. It cannot be cured by a medication. 3. It requires long-term management.

Nurses working with diabetes patients know that this noncommunicable chronic disease (NCD) has which of the following characteristics? (Select all that apply.) 1. It cannot be prevented by a vaccination. 2. It cannot be cured by a medication. 3. It requires long-term management. 4. It is not affected by weight. 5. It does not require lifestyle changes such as regular exercise.

1. Takes into account what impact the disease will have on the community as a whole 2. Provides an overview of the disease's social and economic impact 3. Helps determine promotion and prevention efforts targeting most common NCDs

Nurses working with patients who have a noncommunicable disease (NCD) consider it important to know about the burden of disease associated with a specific disease primarily because it does which of the following? (Select all that apply.) 1. Takes into account what impact the disease will have on the community as a whole 2. Provides an overview of the disease's social and economic impact 3. Helps determine promotion and prevention efforts targeting most common NCDs 4. Does not take into account the cost of treatment 5. Is specific to disease only and does not include injury

2. Poor nutrition, low physical activity, tobacco use, and alcohol use.

Nurses working with patients who have chronic noncommunicable disease (NCDs) assess them based on specific risk factors. The four common modifiable risk factors that account for much of the NCDs in the U.S. are: 1. Poor nutrition, low physical activity, medication adherence, and tobacco use. 2. Poor nutrition, low physical activity, tobacco use, and alcohol use. 3. Low physical activity, tobacco use, illicit drug use, and poor nutrition. 4. Age, tobacco use, poor nutrition, and low physical activity.

D. Both 1 and 3

Nurses working with persons at high risk for NCDs encourage their patients to prevent disease development by: A. Incorporating healthy eating habits B. Leading a sedentary lifestyle C. Getting regular preventive screenings D. Both 1 and 3

1. Overall disability and premature death in the population.

Suzanne, a PHN, has taken on an internship with the World Health Organization. She is working with a team focused on reducing heart disease in low-income countries. She is aware that the life expectancy is lower but was not familiar with other measures to help understand the burden of disease. She learns that the further analysis of the burden of disease examines how much the disease, injury, or risk factor contribute to: 1. Overall disability and premature death in the population. 2. Overall capacity in the country to prevent disease and premature death in the population. 3. Overall premature death in the population and infrastructure capacity to prevent disease in the country. 4. Overall capacity with the country to prevent and treat disease.

4. Both A and C.

To educate their patients about the risks of developing NCDs, nurses might share which of the following facts? 1. NCDs are the number one cause of death in the United States. 2. Risk for NCD is not affected by individual behaviors, the environment, and socioeconomic factors. 3. Prevention occurs across the continuum starting with primary prevention during the perinatal period through tertiary prevention measures such as chronic disease self-management (CDSM) programs. 4. Both A and C.

D. Both 1 and 3

To educate their patients about the risks of developing NCDs, nurses might share which of the following facts? A. The five leading causes of death in the United States are NCDs . B. Risk for NCD is not affected by individual behaviors, the environment, and socioeconomic factors. C. Prevention occurs across the continuum starting with primary prevention during the perinatal period through tertiary prevention measures such as CDSM programs. D. Both 1 and 3

B. Both 1 and 3

When a nurse treats a heart disease patient, he or she evaluates which of the patient's risk factors to determine how modification might help bring about improvement? A. Tobacco use B. Both 1 and 3 C. Amount of exercise D. Height

2. Access to health-care services

When a nurse works with a patient diagnosed with heart disease to help build a plan for long-term management of the disease, which of the following is not one of the common behavioral level risk factors that the patient can modify? 1. Tobacco use 2. Access to health-care services 3. Amount of exercise 4. Nutrition

4. All of the above

When screening a patient for NCD risk, a nurse reviews the social determinants of health, including which of the following? 1. The social gradient 2. Early life 3. Work life 4. All of the above

D. All of the above

When screening a patient for NCD risk, a nurse reviews the social determinants of health, including which of the following? A. The social gradient B. Early life C. Work life D. All of the above

3. Focused on long-term management of disease.

When the nurse is applying the chronic care model when seeing patients, she or he is: 1. Focused on treating an acute care phase of the NCD. 2. Focused on short-term management of the disease. 3. Focused on long-term management of disease. 4. Focused on a primary prevention framework.

D.All of the above

A PHN concerned about the increase in NCDs in a community screens patients for which of the following? A.Socioeconomic risk B.Genetic predispositions C.Behavioral factors D.All of the above

1. Conduct a retrospective cohort study. 2. Examine hospital discharge data. 3. Examine cancer registry data.

A PHN evaluating an increase in lung cancer cases in a certain area would conduct which of the following epidemiological studies to help understand the rising incidence in cases? (Select all that apply.) 1. Conduct a retrospective cohort study. 2. Examine hospital discharge data. 3. Examine cancer registry data. 4. Conduct a clinical trial to test the intervention chosen. 5. Examine results of a health-related quality-of-life questionnaire.

B. Both 1 and 3

A PHN evaluating an increase in lung cancer cases in a certain area would take which of the following steps to determine what was causing the increase? A. Conduct a retrospective case control study. B. Both 1 and 3 C. Ask family members of lung cancer patients for additional information. D. Not survey town residents

4. All of the above

A PHN, concerned about the increase in NCDs in a community, could include in his/her assessment of the community which of the following? 1. Socioeconomic risk 2. Genetic predispositions 3. Behavioral factors 4. All of the above

C. Both 1 and 2

A cardiovascular nurse is treating a smoker with a high risk for cardiovascular disease. Which of the following should the nurse discuss with the patient? A. Outline the health risks associated with smoking. B. Share statistics about adverse health outcomes related to smoking. C. Both 1 and 2 D. Recommend smoking more.

2. Offering a smoking cessation counseling program to her patients

A cardiovascular nurse working at a large medical center is examining the evidence on how to help her patients who smoke. Which of the following is an evidence-based behavioral level intervention aimed at reducing harm associated with tobacco use? 1. Implementing a tobacco-free campus policy at the medical center 2. Offering a smoking cessation counseling program to her patients 3. Advocating for stricter package warnings on cigarette packages 4. Asking the public health department to put up billboards near schools to promote prevention of smoking in adolescents

C. Both 1 and 2

A nurse who treats diabetic patients encourages the patient to follow which of these recommendations to manage their disease diagnosis over time? A. Monitor blood sugar. B. Adhere to medication treatment. C. Both 1 and 2 D. Avoid regular checkups with a health-care provider.

3. Adherence to medication regimen

A nurse working in a community clinic understands that lack of access to health care can increase the risk for morbidity and mortality related to NCD. Which of the following is not associated with access to care? 1. Available transportation to services 2. Adequate health insurance 3. Adherence to medication regimen 4. Number of health-care providers in the community

C. Both 1 and 4

A nurse working in a community clinic understands that morbidity and mortality related to NCD is affected by access to health care, so the nurse makes sure the patients: A. Have access to preventive screenings B. Ignore follow-up appointments C. Both 1 and 4 D. Get resources to help them manage care