Community Exam 2

A community health nurse is working with a client who decides to forego United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended screenings. Which of the following ethical principles does the nurse uphold by supporting the client's decision? 1. Autonomy 2. Beneficence 3. Nonmaleficence 4. Justice

1. Autonomy

A nurse is discussing methods of disease transmission with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following methods of transmission describes congenital infections that are passed from the birthing parent to their newborn? 1. Direct 2. Airborne 3. Vehicle 4. vector

1. Direct

A team of home health nurses is searching for data about pressure injury protocols for use in the home setting. Which of the following resources should they use to find pressure injury protocols? 1. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 2. Cochrane 3. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Disease Prevention (ODP) 4. Healthy People 2030

2. Cochrane

A public health nurse is compiling infant mortality statistics for a state epidemiology report. Which mortality measure should the nurse use? 1. Case fatality 2. Cause-specific mortality rate 3. Age-specific mortality rate 4. Proportionate mortality

3. Age-specific mortality rate

A nurse is part of a team at a public health department that is preparing for accreditation. Which resource should the nurse suggest that the team use for guidance about accreditation criteria? 1. Cochrane 2. PICOT 3. CDC 4. Healthy People 2030

3. CDC

A community health nurse and a community team are using the simplex method. Which of the following statements is true about the simplex method? 1. The simplex method uses open-ended questions. 2. The simplex method prioritizes data with lower-scoring items. 3. The simplex method uses close-ended questions. 4. The simplex method is used to gather data in the community.

3. The simplex method uses close-ended questions.

A community health nurse is providing teaching to a client who is enrolled in a case-control study. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? 1. "The study will last for 10 years. You will contact me annually for an interview and blood work." 2. "I will not know if I am going to be in the intervention or control group." 3. "The survey will take an hour to complete and then I'll be done." 4. "You'll need to find other participants like me but who do not have this disease."

4. "You'll need to find other participants like me but who do not have this disease."

A nurse in a community health clinic is preparing an in-service for staff to define the conditions of causation in epidemiology studies. Which of the following descriptions should the nurse use to define a does-response relationship to establish causation? 1. "The exposure must come before the disease develops." 2. "Increased exposure increases the risk of developing the disease." 3. "A relationship is biologically possible, and it makes sense." 4. "When the exposure is decreased or eliminated, the risk of disease declines or is eliminated."

2. "Increased exposure increases the risk of developing the disease."

A nurse and a community team are trying to increase interest within the community for the community program they are working to implement. Which of the following is a key strategy used to give community members a reason they should care about a community program or goal? 1. Craft a clear message. 2. Identify outreach methods. 3. Identify incentives. 4. Define goals.

3. Identify incentives.

A community health nurse is providing teaching to a group of college students who are preparing for a cultural immersion trip to a country where malaria is endemic. The nurse recommends the students spray a mosquito insecticide in their sleeping quarters before bedtime each night. Which of the following parts of the epidemiologic triangle does the nurse's recommendation reflect? 1. Host 2. Environment 3. Vector 4. Agent

3. Vector

A community health nurse is creating a handout for clients on methods to naturally enhance their immunity against infectious diseases. The nurse should identify that this information will target which of the following links in the chain of infection? 1. Portal of exit 2. Portal of entry 3. Reservoir 4. Susceptible host

4. Susceptible host

A public health nurse is collaborating with a community team to identify key health needs through comprehensive, methodical collection and analysis of data. Which of the following assessment models should the nurse recommend? 1. The ecological model 2. A community health assessment 3. Windshield survey 4. Primary data

2. A community health assessment

A community health nurse is developing an education activity for a client who is a tactile-kinesthetic learner. Which of the following activities would support a tactile-kinesthetic learner? a. Practicing taking their own blood pressure measurements b. Looking at pictures demonstrating basic exercise moves c. Listening to a presentation about nutrition d. Writing down key points during a presentation about diabetic foot exams

a. Practicing taking their own blood pressure measurements

A community health nurse is working on an educational program focused on health promotion and disease prevention. Which of the following statements is true regarding health literacy? a. The nurse should provide a list of definitions for medical jargon b. The nurse should use plain language c. Clients who have college education do not require assistance d. Asking a client for return demonstration is not necessary if they say they understand

b. The nurse should use plain language

A community health nurse is working with a client who has a chronic condition that requires management. The nurse should use which of the following to determine the client's readiness to change? a. Health Belief Model b. Transtheoretical Model c. Cultural Care Theory d. Health Promotion Model

b. Transtheoretical Model

A community health nurse is preparing an in-service for staff to define the conditions of causation in epidemiology studies. Which of the following descriptions should the nurse use to define a temporal relationship to establish causation? 1. "The exposure must come before the disease develops." 2. "Increased exposure increases the risk of developing the disease." 3. "A relationship is biologically possible, and it makes sense." 4. "When the exposure is decreased or eliminated, the risk disease declines or is eliminated."

1. "The exposure must come before the disease develops."

A public health nurse is administering an influenza immunization to a client who asks about the extent of influenza in the community. Which of the following levels should the nurse identify if the rate of influenza cases is at the expected level for the current time of year? 1. Endemic 2. Pandemic 3. Outbreak 4. Epidemic

1. Endemic

A nurse is preparing a workshop on preventing common communicable and infectious diseases in the community. Which of the following prevention methods should the nurse include to target diseases that are transmitted indirectly? 1. Contact tracing 2. Isolation 3. Vaccination 4. Pest control

4. Pest control

A nurse in a community clinic is interviewing a client about their asthma diagnosis. Which of the following questions by the nurse represents prevalence? 1. "Have you ever had asthma?" 2. "Have you had asthma within the last three years?" 3. "Do you have asthma now?" 4. "When were you diagnosed with asthma?"

3. "Do you have asthma now?"

A community member is asking a community health nurse why evaluation of a program is important. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? 1. "Program evaluation should be completed by a community influencer, such as an elected official." 2. "Evaluation is done to appraise the outcomes of an initiative and to inform ongoing implementation of community initiatives." 3. "Evaluation should take place at a set time and occur only once at the end of a project." 4. "Program evaluation should include limited data for simplicity and quantification."

2. "Evaluation is done to appraise the outcomes of an initiative and to inform ongoing implementation of community initiatives."

A community health nurse is collaborating with a community team and wants to use a data collection tool and planning resource to guide community partners in assessment and prioritization of community improvement initiatives. Which of the following tools should the nurse recommend? 1. Ecological model 2. CHANGE model 3. CHNA 4. Built environment assessment tool manual

2. CHANGE model

A nurse and a community team are using the Strategic Prevention Framework. Which of the following is true about the Strategic Prevention Framework? 1. It is a linear process. 2. It is opinion-driven. 3. It uses a team approach. 4. It is a static, concise process.

3. It uses a team approach.

A nurse in a public health department is searching Healthy People 2030 for objectives with evidence-based interventions related to social determinants of health. Which of the following is a type of Healthy People objective that includes reliable baseline data and evidence-based interventions? 1. Policy 2. Developmental 3. Research 4. Core

4. Core

A community health nurse is preparing a presentation on the cause of death among a group of adults aged 18 to 24 years in a specific county. Which of the following mortality measures should the nurse use to obtain this data? 1. Case fatality 2. Cause-specific mortality rate 3. Age-specific mortality rate 4. Crude mortality rate

3. Age-specific mortality rate

A community health nurse is participating on a task force working to decrease opioid overdoses in the county. Which of the following strategies should the nurse recognize as secondary prevention? 1. Providing rapid fentanyl test strips 2. Scheduling targeted education sessions for providers who prescribe opioids 3. Creating a syringe exchange program 4. Offering naloxone distribution to first responders and people who use opioids

4. Offering naloxone distribution to first responders and people who use opioids

A public health nurse is completing a institutional review board (IRB) application for an analytic study in a community hospital following an outbreak of Escherichia coli. Which of the following stages of the analytic study is the nurse engaged in? 1. Conduct/implementation 2. Conceptualization/design 3. Data analysis 4. Interpretation of findings

1. Conduct/implementation

A nurse and a community team are working with the Strategic Prevention Framework. Which of the following describes the Strategic Prevention Framework? 1. A guiding principle of the framework is homogeneity. 2. The framework should focus on culturally homogenous subpopulations. 3. A guiding principle of the framework is cultural competence. 4. The first step in the process is planning.

3. A guiding principle of the framework is cultural competence.

A community health nurse and a community team are prioritizing community-level data. They want to use a simple method of prioritization strategy that involves an open or secret vote. The nurse should use which of the following? 1. The criteria weighting method 2. The simplex method 3. The quick and colorful approach 4. Nominal group planning

3. The quick and colorful approach

A nurse is creating an impact report on a community initiative that has been in progress for the past six months. Which of the following is true about an impact report? 1. It should be transparent and widely disseminated among community members. 2. It should be shared only with those who had a direct influence in the creation of the report. 3. Impact reports are only useful during the planning stages of a community program. 4. Impact reports should not be published.

1. It should be transparent and widely disseminated among community members.

A public health nurse is listing all causes of death in the county to determine the percentage each cause contributes to the overall death rate. Which of the following mortality measures should the nurse use to calculate this data? 1. Case fatality 2. Cause-specific mortality rate 3. Age-specific mortality rate 4. Proportionate mortality

4. Proportionate mortality

A community health nurse is planning a public service campaign to decrease the transmission of influenza. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include as a primary prevention? 1. Going to the hospital for dehydration after getting influenza 2. Staying home when sick 3. Getting tested for influenza when you have symptoms 4. Obtaining an immunization

4. Obtaining an immunization

A nurse is working with a health care team to develop community partnerships. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to assist with this development? 1. Focus on developing partnerships built on a foundation of pre-existing, trust-based relationships. 2. Avoid adding partners as the organization becomes operational, as this can erode trust. 3. Identify that building trust throughout the process is not a priority, as trust can be assumed. 4. Change the core membership frequently to ensure new ideas are brought to the group.

1. Focus on developing partnerships built on a foundation of pre-existing, trust-based relationships.

A community health nurse is providing teaching to a client who is being enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? 1. "The study will last for 10 years. You will contact me annually for an interview and blood work." 2. "I will not know if I am going to be in the intervention or control group." 3. "The survey will take an hour to complete and then I'll be done." 4. "You'll need to find other participants like me but who do not have this disease."

3. "The survey will take an hour to complete and then I'll be done."

A nurse is reviewing various roles within the community. The nurse should identify which of the following information is correct about the role of a public health nurse? 1. A public health nurse uses evidenced-based care to promote health, prevent disease, and mitigate health risks within a community setting. 2. A public health nurse acts in an independent way, not influenced by other disciplines, but relying solely on the nursing perspective to foster primary prevention of disease within the community. 3. A public health nurse does not rely on the nursing process, as the nursing process is only used in a hospital or clinical setting. 4. The focus of a public health nurse is typically the care of an individual or small group of clients at the bedside.

1. A public health nurse uses evidenced-based care to promote health, prevent disease, and mitigate health risks within a community setting.

A community health nurse is preparing an educational program about Healthy People 2030 that will be presented at a local community center. What goals should the nurse include as part of a presentation about Healthy People 2030? (Select all that apply.) 1. Give government the responsibility of designing policies to improve the health of the public. 2. Eliminate all chronic health conditions. 3. Promote healthy development and behaviors across all life stages. 4. Achieve health equity and attain health literacy to improve health and well-being. 5. Attain healthy lives free of preventable disease.

3. Promote healthy development and behaviors across all life stages. 4. Achieve health equity and attain health literacy to improve health and well-being.

A public health nurse is calculating the attack rate following a food-borne illness outbreak after a community picnic. Which of the following groups of people should the nurse include in the denominator of the attack rate calculation? 1. All people who attended the event. 2. All people who ate the specific food time and did not become ill. 3. All people who ate the specific food item and became ill. 4. All people who ate the specific food item.

4. All people who ate the specific food item.

A nurse and a community team are looking at the High 5 Initiative, as they are having similar issues in their community. Which of the following statements by the nurse indicates an understanding of the initiative and its applications? 1. "It is a national initiative and likely not useful at the local level." 2. "This initiative should be followed in our community exactly as outlined in the report." 3. "This is a local initiative that could be adapted to our community's needs." 4. "This initiative will ensure improvement of our local environment."

3. "This is a local initiative that could be adapted to our community's needs."

A public health nurse and a community team are assessing the community using the Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) model. The nurse should identify that which of the following is true about this model? 1. The model includes five sectors, of which the team should pick and choose only those sectors that pertain to their initiative. 2. There should be limited community representation for refinement of single objectives. 3. The model focuses on both strengths and weaknesses of the community. 4. A guiding principle of the model includes evidence-based interventions.

4. A guiding principle of the model includes evidence-based interventions.

A public health nurse is collaborating with a community team and considering which assessment tool looks at health as a broad, multifaceted concept and considers health as impacted by individual, community, social, political, and physical elements. Which of the following tools should the nurse recommend? 1. CHANGE model 2. Built environment assessment tool 3. CHNA 4. Ecological model

4. Ecological model

A public health nurse is working with a team to plan a community initiative. The nurse looks to national initiatives to drive community action. Which of the following outlines national objectives for health improvement and can be used to help drive community-specific objectives? 1. The CHANGE model 2. Community health assessment 3. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 4. Healthy People 2030

4. Healthy People 2030

A nurse is asked to develop an impact report regarding a recent community health initiative program. Which of the following information is true regarding this type of report? 1. An impact report should not be shared on public websites. 2. An impact report is a private report used for agencies to identify issues. 3. An impact report is a communication tool outlining the outcomes of a community project. 4. An impact report is generated to guide assembly of community organizers.

3. An impact report is a communication tool outlining the outcomes of a community project.

A community health nurse is using the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines to recommend health screenings for a client. The nurse should identify that which of the following descriptions applies to Grade D screenings? 1. "Research indicates this screening exam is beneficial." 2. "Research indicates this screening exam has a small benefit." 3. "Research indicates this screening is not warranted at this time and may, in fact, be harmful" 4. "There is not enough evidence to determine if this screening is helpful or not."

3. "Research indicates this screening is not warranted at this time and may, in fact, be harmful"

A public health nurse is educating a newly licensed nurse about sensitivity and specificity using a two-by-two table. Which statement by the newly licensed nurse indicates understanding of the table related to false positives? 1. "False positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test indicates disease." 2. "False positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test does not indicate disease." 3. "False positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test indicates the person has the disease." 4. "False positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test does not indicate disease."

1. "False positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test indicates disease."

A public health nurse is facing challenges with the local public health team while implementing evidence-based interventions in an immunization program. Which of the following statements by team members should the nurse identify as knowledge-related barriers to implementation of evidence-based practice? (Select all that apply.) 1. "I do not really know how to use the computer for anything other than checking email and updating the spreadsheets." 2."I barely have time to get everything done, because my caseload has grown by 50 percent this year." 3."The supervisor said that the way we do things has worked for years, and there is no reason to change." 4. "I took a statistics course in college, but I have not really used any of it since then." 5. "I am not really sure where to look for new evidence." 6. "The last time we tried to present new evidence, the director discouraged it."

1. "I do not really know how to use the computer for anything other than checking email and updating the spreadsheets." 4. "I took a statistics course in college, but I have not really used any of it since then." 5. "I am not really sure where to look for new evidence."

A county public health nurse is planning to implement evidence-based practice interventions for a communicable airborne disease. Which of the following statements by the nurse indicates understanding of the appropriate uses of the Intervention Wheel developed by the Minnesota Department of Health? (Select all that apply.) 1. "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for implementing guidelines for screening and testing." 2. "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for implementing an outreach program to educate the public about where to obtain masks." 3. "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for implementing a process for our nurses to obtain professional certifications in public/community health nursing." 4. "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for collecting data about quality of life, health behaviors, social and economic factors in this county." 5. "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for collaborating with other health professionals in the county."

1. "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for implementing guidelines for screening and testing." 2. "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for implementing an outreach program to educate the public about where to obtain masks." 5. "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for collaborating with other health professionals in the county."

A community health nurse is involved in community-engaged research about employer-provided health benefits in a small, rural community. Which of the following are potential ethical concerns related to recruitment of participants or confidentiality of information? (Select all that apply.) 1. The leader of the data collection team recruits their family members for the research. 2. The mayor offers use of a conference room in city hall for informational sessions. 3. A member of the data collection team volunteers to collect data from their family-owned restaurant employees. 4. A local primary care provider offers to supply information about residents during the data collection process. 5. The owner of a factory offers bonuses to employees who participate in the research.

1. The leader of the data collection team recruits their family members for the research. 3. A member of the data collection team volunteers to collect data from their family-owned restaurant employees. 4. A local primary care provider offers to supply information about residents during the data collection process. 5. The owner of a factory offers bonuses to employees who participate in the research.

A community health nurse is reporting their findings from research conducted about the need for primary care clinics in a community. According to Wilder's community-engagement research model, which of the following activities would the nurse report if the community was engaged in the research in the collaborator role? (Select all that apply.) 1.- Residents filled out questionnaires on the survey tool. 2. - Residents volunteered to count the number of completed surveys returned each day. 3. - Residents donated the data collection supplies. 4. Residents attended information sessions presented by the nurse during the research process 5. Residents suggested the questions that should be included on the survey tool 6. Residents developed informational brochures for the community before the research process began

1.- Residents filled out questionnaires on the survey tool. 2. - Residents volunteered to count the number of completed surveys returned each day. 3. - Residents donated the data collection supplies.

A community health nurse is educating a newly licensed nurse about sensitivity and specificity using a two-by-two table. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the table related to true negatives? 1. "True negatives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test indicates disease." 2. "True negatives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test does not indicate disease." 3. "True negatives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test indicates the person has the disease." 4. "True negatives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test does not indicate disease."

2. "True negatives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test does not indicate disease."

A nurse and a community team are collaborating with the Healthy People 2030 initiative. Which of the following is the vision of Healthy People 2030? 1. To promote, strengthen, and evaluate the nation's efforts to improve the health and well-being of all people 2. A society in which all people can achieve their full potential for health and well-being across the lifespan 3. Promotion of health and well-being and preventing disease through linked efforts that encompass physical, mental, and social health dimensions 4. Investment to achieve the full potential for health and well-being for all, providing valuable benefits to society

2. A society in which all people can achieve their full potential for health and well-being across the lifespan

A community health nurse is educating a client about the implications of a false negative result of a screen test. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of a false screening? 1. If I have a false negative screening, I may experience undue worry 2. If I have a false negative screening, I may miss the opportunity for early treatment 3. If I have a false negative screening, I'll likely need more extensive testing 4. If I have a false negative screening, I may undergo unnecessary treatment

2. If I have a false negative screening, I may miss the opportunity for early treatment

A community health nurse has just presented an education session to local citizens about West Nile virus. Which of the following statements by one of the participants indicates an understanding of the teaching? 1. "Most people who have West Nile virus will be very sick and need to be hospitalized." 2. "If I have West Nile virus, my healthcare provider will give me antibiotics to treat it." 3. "I can prevent West Nile virus by wearing long sleeves and long pants." 4. "The risk for severe illness with West Nile virus is highest for younger individuals."

3. "I can prevent West Nile virus by wearing long sleeves and long pants."

A nurse is conducting a presentation for a group of student nurses related to the goals and objectives of Healthy People 2030. Which of the following does the nurse discuss as overarching goals of Healthy People 2030? (Select all that apply.) 1. Reduce blood lead levels in children ages 1 to 5 years 2. Increase the proportion of adolescents who receive treatment for their depression 3. Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining the full potential for health and well-being for all. 4. Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all. 5. Engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve the health and well-being of all. 6. Increase the proportion of children and adolescents who play sports.

3. Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining the full potential for health and well-being for all. 4. Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all. 5. Engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve the health and well-being of all.

A community health nurse is educating a newly licensed nurse about sensitivity and specificity using a two-by-two table. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the table related to false negatives? 1. " False negatives are represented in the table cell that indicate the person does not have the disease and the test indicates disease." 2. " False negatives are represented in the table cell that indicate the person does not have the disease and the test does not indicates disease." 3. " False negatives are represented in the table cell that indicate the person has the disease and the test indicates disease." 4. " False negatives are represented in the table cell that indicate the person has the disease and the test does not indicate disease."

4. " False negatives are represented in the table cell that indicate the person has the disease and the test does not indicate disease."

A community health nurse is planning to create a partnership within a community for the advancement of community initiatives. The nurse should identify which of the following as an important aspect of this partnership? 1. A partnership should involve a system in which community leaders dictate policy and community activities to enhance the wealth of a community. 2. The concept of community as partner recognizes the importance of relying on community health care providers to lead all aspects of community initiatives. 3. A partnership should be limited to community financial leaders to ensure feasibility of initiatives. 4. The promotion of health within a community should involve collaborative community efforts from a diverse group of community partners.

4. The promotion of health within a community should involve collaborative community efforts from a diverse group of community partners.

A nurse at a county public health department is developing a breast cancer screening program for a population of homeless individuals in the county. Which of the following resources should they use to find evidence-based information from government sources? (Select all that apply.) - National Institutes of Health (NIH) -Office of Disease Prevention (ODP) -Robert Wood Johnson Foundation -Cochrane -The CDC -PICOT

- National Institutes of Health (NIH) -The CDC

A public health nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who is being screened for HIV. The results yield low specificity. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the laboratory results? 1. "I understand that the screening test may result in a false positive because it has a low specificity." 2. "I understand that the screening test may result in a false negative because it has low specificity." 3. "If I screen negative, it means there is no way I can transmit HIV." 4. "Low specificity means I'll need to begin treatment right away."

1. "I understand that the screening test may result in a false positive because it has a low specificity."

A team of community health nurses has been formed to address the low immunization rate of the adult population in a rural community. Using a quality improvement process that mirrors the steps of evidence-based practice, in what order will the following steps be included in the nurses' process as they implement a program to increase immunization rates in this population? (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the order of performance. Use all the steps.)

1. Find a process to improve 2. Clarify current knowledge 3. Select changes aimed at performance improvement. 4. Do it; execute the plan 5. Study new data and check results

A school nurse has identified a need for improved playground safety. Using a quality improvement process that mirrors the steps of evidence-based practice, which of the following steps should the nurse take before selecting changes aimed at improving playground safety? (Select all that apply.) 1. Organizing an effort to work on improvement 2. Planning the change 3. Doing it; executing the plan 4. Studying and analyzing new data and checking results 5. Clarifying current knowledge of the process

1. Organizing an effort to work on improvement 2. Planning the change 5. Clarifying current knowledge of the process

A community health nurse is making recommendations for illness surveillance measures in public schools to a local school board. Which of the following core functions of epidemiology is the nurse engaged in? 1. Policy development 2. Linkages 3. Surveillance 4. Evaluation

1. Policy development

A community health nurse is working with clients to make long-standing, health-related changes using the transtheoretical model. Place the stages of the transtheoretical model in order from first to last. (Move the stages into the box on the right, placing them in order from first to last. Use all the stages.) 1. Precontemplation 2. Contemplation 3. Preparation 4. Action 5. Maintenance

1. Precontemplation 2. Contemplation 3. Preparation 4. Action 5. Maintenance

A nurse and a team of community members are beginning to prioritize the data they have collected. Which of the following is true about prioritization of community-level data? 1. Prioritization at the community level must focus on needs impacting the community or subpopulations. 2. Prioritization of community data should be left to formal community leaders, such as a mayor or councilperson. 3. Prioritization is not important; all community data should be treated equally, and focus should be put on all initiatives in an equal fashion. 4. Prioritization should focus solely on community needs.

1. Prioritization at the community level must focus on needs impacting the community or subpopulations.

A community health nurse is conducting research about emergency preparedness in a community. According to Wilder's community-engagement research model, which of the following activities indicate to the nurse that the community is engaged in the research in the leader role? (Select all that apply.) 1. Residents conduct door-to-door surveys. 2. Residents attend informational sessions about the nurse's plan for data collection. 3. Local businesses report extra inventory that could be used in an emergency. 4. A group of residents begins to develop questions for a survey. 5. A community center offers a meeting room for data collectors.

1. Residents conduct door-to-door surveys. 4. A group of residents begins to develop questions for a survey.

The nurse educator for the county public health department is planning a course about building community partnerships for local community health nurses. Which of the following does the nurse educator recognize as a benefit of including information about evidence-based practice? (Select all that apply.) 1. Strengthened standards of care 2. Increased job satisfaction of the nurse 3. Increased efficiency with which nurses locate objective evidence 4. Increased use of ritualistic care 5. Increased health care quality

1. Strengthened standards of care 2. Increased job satisfaction of the nurse 3. Increased efficiency with which nurses locate objective evidence 5. Increased health care quality

A school nurse is researching information about the effects of homelessness on immunization rates in school-age children. In what order will the nurse examine each item, from most robust type of evidence to least robust? (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the order of strength of evidence. Use all the steps.)

1. Systemic reviews of all randomized controlled trials published within the last 5 years about the effects of homelessness on immunization rates in children 2. A randomized controlled trial about the effects of homelessness on immunization rates on one stat's population of school=age children 3. Observational cohort studies about immunization rates performed with a population of homeless school-age children during the last 3 years. 4. An expert opinion presented in a conference in the current year from a pediatric immunologist.

A nurse and a community team are assessing their community using the CHANGE model. The team recognizes they should consider which of the following as a sector of their model? 1. Community population 2. Health care 3. Political leaders 4. Individual

2. Health care

A nurse is reviewing public health problems in their community. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as communicable public health problems? (Select all that apply.) Foodborne diseases Injury due to firearms Hypertension Zoonotic diseases Cancer

Foodborne diseases Zoonotic diseases

A community health nurse is planning a health education initiative for clients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should identify which of the following as the goal of client education? a. Behavioral change b. Knowledge retention c. Modifying beliefs and values d. Learning new skills

a. Behavioral change

A community health nurse is gathering data to plan an event in the community. Which of the following activities are ways to collect primary data? (select all that apply.) a. Conducting a windshield survey b. Researching mortality rates c. Observing and interacting with community members d. Interviewing a local priest e. Reading the notes from a recent town hall

a. Conducting a windshield survey c. Observing and interacting with community members d. Interviewing a local priest

A community health nurse is planning a health education initiative and wants to incorporate the humanistic learning theory. Which of the following are principles of the humanistic learning theory? (Select all that apply.) a. Learning a holistic process b. Knowledge should be formally evaluated c. The learner should feel physically, mentally, and emotionally safe d. Incentives are necessary to motivate the learner e. The learner needs to have behaviors modeled for them

a. Learning a holistic process c. The learner should feel physically, mentally, and emotionally safe

A community health nurse is developing an educational activity for clients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following activities would support a visual leaner? (Select all that apply.) a. Taking notes on when to check their blood glucose levels b. Watching a video presentation on healthy foods to prepare c. Drawing up insulin in a syringe d. Having a discussion about the importance of daily exercise e. Setting up a glucometer

a. Taking notes on when to check their blood glucose levels b. Watching a video presentation on healthy foods to prepare

A community health nurse is discussing how to draw up and inject insulin with a group of clients at a diabetes mellitus clinic. Which of the following is true regarding the teach-back method? (select all that apply.) a. The teach back method is most effective as a short term evaluation method b. The teach back method is better for return demonstration of a new skill c. The teach back method might not be practical for long term evaluation d. Using the teach back method allows the nurse to clarify misconceptions by the client e. The client should recite what the nurse said during the session

a. The teach back method is most effective as a short term evaluation method c. The teach back method might not be practical for long term evaluation d. Using the teach back method allows the nurse to clarify misconceptions by the client

A community health nurse is planning an event for community members. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a. Decide on a topic to present b. Identify the target audience and their learning needs c. Create goals and learning objectives d. Pick a venue to host the event

b. Identify the target audience and their learning needs

A community health nurse is working on an educational program focused on health promotion and disease prevention. Which of the following strategies should the nurse plan to implement? (Select all that apply) a. Give short, curt responses, so they can get through all of the clients questions b. Provide literature that is translated in the language in which the client is proficient c. Keep written literature, such as brochures and flyers, at no more than a fifth grade level d. Limit supplemental instructional methods, such as videos and pictures e. Limit the amount of content covered to prevent overwhelming the client

b. Provide literature that is translated in the language in which the client is proficient c. Keep written literature, such as brochures and flyers, at no more than a fifth grade level e. Limit the amount of content covered to prevent overwhelming the client

A community health nurse is working with a client to make long-standing, health-related changes using the transtheoretical model. Which of the following statements from the client indicates they are in the action stage? a. "I know that I need to start exercising again" b. "I have signed up with a community walking group that meets three times a week" c. "I have been jogging every morning for the last three months" d. "Over the last year, I have increased my intake of fresh fruits and vegetables"

c. "I have been jogging every morning for the last three months"

A community health nurse is preparing to give a presentation about heart health to a small group at a local community center. Which of the following is considered an educator-related barrier to learning? a. The nurse's age b. Having to do research prior to the presentation c. Lack of expertise in the subject area d. Not being able to answer a client's question

c. Lack of expertise in the subject area

A community health nurse is teaching a group of clients at a diabetes mellitus clinic about carbohydrate counting. Which of the following should the nurse include as an example of a long-term client outcome? a. Demonstrating how to check their blood pressure b. Listing foods to avoid hyperglycemia c. No hospital readmissions over the next 14 months d. Explaining in their own words how to count carbohydrates correctly

c. No hospital readmissions over the next 14 months

A community health nurse is working with clients to make long-standing, health-related changes. The nurse should know that the health belief model is used to determine which of the following? a. A client's knowledge and skill level b. A client's self-efficacy c. A client's readiness to change d. A client's motivation

d. A client's motivation

A community health nurse is planning a health education initiative for a client who responds well to incentives. Which of the following learning theories should the nurse use when planning education activities for the client? a. Social learning theory b. Cognitive learning theory c. Experiential learning theory d. Behavioral learning theory

d. Behavioral learning theory

A community health nurse is planning to host a local health fair. Which of the following statements is true regarding community engagement? a. Health education initiatives do not need to provide funding b. Education initiatives should be focused on what the nurse believes to be important for the community members to learn c. Nurses partnering with community members can convince them to view health issues from their perspective d. Underserved communities are often left out of decision-making

d. Underserved communities are often left out of decision-making

A nurse is discussing immunizations with a group of new parents. The nurse encourages the parents to get their annual influenza immunization because infants cannot receive the vaccine until they are older than 6 months of age. Which of the following types of immunity is the nurse promoting? 1. Innate immunity 2. Acquired immunity 3. Passive immunity 4. Community immunity

4. Community immunity

A nurse should recognize that which of the following factors contributes to the increasing burden of chronic diseases in public health? 1. Increased population mobility 2. Lack of preventive strategies 3. Ineffective treatments 4. The aging population

4. The aging population

A community health nurse is calculating the number of deaths of school aged children in a county. Which of the following methods should the nurse use to obtain this data? 1. Case fatality 2. Cause-specific mortality rate 3. Age-specific mortality rate 4. Proportionate mortality

3. Age-specific mortality rate

A public health nurse is investigating a food-borne illness outbreak following a community picnic attended by 107 people. 98 people who ate watermelon, 24 became ill. What attack rate should the nurse calculate for the watermelon?

25%

A community health nurse is providing teaching to a client about primary methods for sexually transmitted infections. The nurse should identify that the teaching reflects which of the following stages of the natural history of disease model? 1. Incubation period 2. Stage of susceptibility 3. Stage of clinical illness 4. Stage of recovery, disability, or death

2. Stage of susceptibility

A public health nurse is participating in a research study to determine how virulent a new virus is. Which of the following mortality measures should the nurse use to calculate this data? 1. Case fatality 2. Cause-specific mortality rate 3. Age-specific mortality rate 4. Proportionate mortality

1. Case fatality

A home health nurse is searching for evidence-based information about the benefits of caregiver support groups. Which of the following sources is the best source for systematic reviews and recommendations about this topic? 1. Cochrane 2. PICOT 3. Healthy People 2030 4. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

1. Cochrane

A nurse in a community health clinic is planning a staff presentation about modes of transmission for infectious diseases. Which of the following modes of transmission should the nurse identify for malaria? 1. Vector-borne 2. Direct 3. Vehicle-borne 4. Airborne

1. Vector-borne

A nurse at a public health department is presenting information about Healthy People 2030 to a group of community health workers. In which of the following categories will the nurse discuss specific evidence-based interventions of Healthy People 2030? 1. Mission 2. Objectives 3. Goals 4. Vision

2. Objectives

A nurse is reviewing the need to include community gatekeepers in community partnerships. Which of the following statements describes the importance of this inclusion? 1. Community gatekeepers are people who have an impact on community members, and the support of community gatekeepers can be pivotal in moving initiatives forward. 2. Community gatekeepers hold all of the authority in a community, and their support is necessary to ensure approvals are granted for community projects. 3. Community gatekeepers have the largest impact on the youth of the community. 4. Community gatekeepers represent the underserved sectors of the population and should be included in partnerships.

1. Community gatekeepers are people who have an impact on community members, and the support of community gatekeepers can be pivotal in moving initiatives forward.

A team of public health nurses wants to implement a practice change related to use of surgical masks by nurses during community immunization clinics from September to January. When searching for scientific evidence about the use of effects of surgical masks on the incidence of influenza among nurses, in what order will the nurses format their PICOT question? (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the order of performance. Use all the steps.)

1. Nurses who administer Immunizations during community events 2. Use of surgical masks 3. No use of surgical masks 4. Incidence of influenza 5. September to January

Nurses and members of an interdisciplinary team on a college campus are preparing for the return of students to campus following summer break. Which of the following interventions would provide primary prevention against an outbreak of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)? (Select all that apply.) 1. Wearing masks indoors 2. Weekly surveillance testing via nasal swab 3. Daily symptom monitoring 4. Requiring vaccination 5. Administration of antivirals

1. Wearing masks indoors 4.Requiring vaccination

A team of community health nurses is in the planning phase for community-engaged research. Which of the following describes a role the nurses should take during the planning phase using the nursing process? 1. Writing grants for funding of community-engaged research 2. Deciding on the research topic for the community 3. Identifying gaps in the health of the community 4. Disseminating results of the research

1. Writing grants for funding of community-engaged research

A community health nurse is providing teaching to a group of adults preparing for a trip to Zambia, where Malaria is endemic. Which of the following statements by a group member indicates an understanding of the environmental element of the epidemiologic triangle. 1. We will take our antimalarial medication as directed 2. We should empty sources of standing water to prevent mosquitoes from multiplying 3. We will make sure to wear long sleeve shirts and long pants

2. We should empty sources of standing water to prevent mosquitoes from multiplying

A nurse and a community team are working on a situation statement. Which of the following describes the purpose of a situation statement? 1. To provide a list of available resources 2. To identify key stakeholders 3. To outline geographic boundaries 4. To provide definition of issues in which community awareness and support are sought after

4. To provide definition of issues in which community awareness and support are sought after

A nurse and a community team are using the Strategic Prevention Framework. Which of the following is true about this framework? 1. A leader should be assigned. 2. Planning is an important step in the process. 3. The framework uses a three-step process. 4. Decision-making relies heavily on team opinion.

2. Planning is an important step in the process.

A community health nurse is explaining to a newly licensed nurse the difference between an observational and experimental study. Which of the following explanations should the nurse provide? 1. "No variable is manipulated in observational studies as occurs in the experimental studies." 2. "Experimental studies run longer than observational studies." 3. "Observational studies require fewer participants than experimental studies." 4. "Observational studies do not require informed consent as experimental studies do."

1. "No variable is manipulated in observational studies as occurs in the experimental studies."

A community health nurse is using the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines to recommend health screenings for a client. The nurse should identify that which of the following descriptions applies to Grade A screening? 1. "Research indicates this screening exam is beneficial. I would like to offer it to you." 2. "Research indicates this screening exam has a small benefit. Let's discuss this more to see if this screening is right for you." 3. "Research indicates this screening is not warranted at this time and may, in fact, be harmful." 4. "There is not enough evidence to determine if this screening is helpful or not. Let's take a closer look at this recommendation together."

1. "Research indicates this screening exam is beneficial. I would like to offer it to you."

A community health nurse is providing teaching to a client who is being enrolled in an epidemiological cohort study. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? 1. "The study will last for 10 years. You will contact me annually for an interview and blood work." 2. "I will not know if I am going to be in the intervention or control group." 3. "The survey will take an hour to complete and then I'll be done." 4. "You'll need to find other participants like me but who do not have this disease."

1. "The study will last for 10 years. You will contact me annually for an interview and blood work."

A nurse at a state public health department is preparing for an upcoming accreditation. Which of the following should they identify as a benefit of accreditation for their public health department? 1. Accreditation allows public health nurses to base decisions, care, and processes on national standards. 2. Accreditation allows public health nurses to use FOCUS-PDSA to improve processes. 3. It provides public health nurses with knowledge, attitudes, and skills for quality improvement. 4. It provides public health nurses with professional nursing certifications.

1. Accreditation allows public health nurses to base decisions, care, and processes on national standards

A local school has had an outbreak of salmonella. Which of the following primary prevention strategies should a nurse identify as interventions for prevention of future foodborne illnesses? (Select all that apply.) 1. Individuals should wash their hands with soap and water for 20 seconds before, during, and after preparing food. 2. Different cutting mats should be used to prepare meats and raw vegetables. 3. Individuals preparing food should be routinely screened for salmonella. 4. Thaw frozen foods in the refrigerator, cold water, or the microwave. 5. Meat should be cooked to the appropriate temperature.

1. Individuals should wash their hands with soap and water for 20 seconds before, during, and after preparing food. 2. Different cutting mats should be used to prepare meats and raw vegetables. 4. Thaw frozen foods in the refrigerator, cold water, or the microwave. 5. Meat should be cooked to the appropriate temperature.

A public health nurse is participating in an interdisciplinary team to identify the origin of an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease. Which of the following essential public health services is the nurse performing? 1. Investigate, diagnose, and address health problems and hazards affecting the population 2. Build and maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health 3. Create, champion and implement policies, plans, and laws that impact health 4. Improve and innovate public health functions through ongoing evaluation, research, and continuous quality improvement

1. Investigate, diagnose, and address health problems and hazards affecting the population

A community health nurse is preparing an in-service for staff to define the conditions of causation in epidemiological studies. Which of the following descriptions should the nurse use to define biological plausibility to establish causation? 1. "The exposure must come before the disease develops." 2. "Increased exposure increases the risk of developing the disease." 3. "A relationship is biologically possible, and it makes sense." 4. "When the exposure is decreased or eliminated, the risk disease declines or is eliminated."

3. "A relationship is biologically possible, and it makes sense."

A nurse in a community health clinic is planning a staff presentation on modes of transmission for infectious diseases. The nurse should include that salmonella uses which of the following modes of transmission? 1. Vector-borne 2. Direct 3. Vehicle-borne 4. Airborne

3. Vehicle-borne

Which of the following is true about National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System? 1. Reporting is voluntary; states can choose to opt in or out of the national reporting. 2. The list of national notifiable diseases is consistent throughout the United States and does not vary from state to state. 3. Reporting to the national database only provides a way of tracking disease and is not used in the prevention of outbreaks of certain diseases. 4. It is a legal requirement for states to report on national notifiable diseases.

4. It is a legal requirement for states to report on national notifiable diseases.

A public health nurse provides expert testimony to a city development board about the negative health consequences of living near a landfill. Which of the following ethical principles does the nurse uphold by advocating for a new landfill to be constructed in a different area of the city? 1. Autonomy 2. Nonmaleficence 3. Beneficence 4. Justice

4. Justice

A public health nurse is assessing a client for determinants of health. Which of the following questions should the nurse include in their assessment? (Select all that apply). 1. "Do you have a family history of any medical conditions?" 2. "What medications do you currently take?" 3. "Where do you work?" 4. "What type of health insurance do you have?" 5. "How old are you?"

1. "Do you have a family history of any medical conditions?" 3. "Where do you work?" 4. "What type of health insurance do you have?" 5. "How old are you?"

A community health nurse is providing teaching to a group of adults preparing for a mission trip to a county where mosquito-borne illness is endemic. The nurse instructs the group members to wear long pants and long sleeve shirts. Which of the following parts of the epidemiologic triangle does this recommendation reflect? 1. Host 2. Environment 3. Vector 4. Agent

1. Host

A nurse and a community team are examining the University of Kansas toolkit to see if it could inform their work. Which of the following steps should the nurse and the team focus on as their first action? 1. Identification of key stakeholders 2. Description of initiative framework or model 3. Delegation of tasks 4. Description of evaluation design

1. Identification of key stakeholders

A community health nurse is caring for a client who tested positive for an infectious disease but is not yet exhibiting manifestations. Which of the following stages of illness in the natural history of disease model is the client in? 1. Incubation period 2. Stage of susceptibility 3. Stage of clinical illness 4. Stage of recovery, disability, or death

1. Incubation period

A community health nurse attends the American public Health Association (APHA) meeting annually to stay current in the field and to interact with colleagues across the country. Which of the core functions of epidemiology is the nurse engaged in? 1. Policy Development 2. Linkages 3. Surveillance 4. Evaluation

2. Linkages

A public health nurse conducts and evaluation of a health promotion program. Which of the following ethical principles does the nurse uphold by ensuring that the program does not result in any harm to participants? 1. Beneficence 2. Nonmaleficence 3. Autonomy 4. Justice

2. Nonmaleficence

A home health nurse is assessing a client who was recently hospitalized for pneumonia and no longer reports shortness of breath on ambulation. The nurse should identify that the client is in which of the following stages of the natural history of disease model? 1. Incubation period 2. Stage of susceptibility 3. Stage of clinical illness 4. Stage of recovery, disability, or death

4. Stage of recovery, disability, or death

A community health nurse is involved in community-engaged research about physical activity levels of families who attend local schools. Using the nursing process, which of the following activities of the nurse represents the evaluation phase of the research? 1. The nurse and community residents define the borders of the community. 2. The nurse and community residents identify outdoor recreational areas that are available to families. 3. The nurse and community residents hold fundraising events for new recreational equipment in parks. 4. The nurse and community residents present the findings at a school board meeting.

4. The nurse and community residents present the findings at a school board meeting.

A school nurse is developing a program for nutritional needs for school-aged children. Which of the following is a resource provided by Healthy People 2030 that includes evidence-based guidelines the nurse can use? 1. The 10 Essential Public Health Services 2. Research objectives 3. Core objectives 4. Quality improvement frameworks

3. Core objectives

A public health nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse how to determine the prevalence rate of the top diseases in the county. Which of the following information should the nurse provide to describe prevalence rate? 1. "The prevalence rate considers only those at risk for disease." 2. "The prevalence rate considers new cases of disease." 3. "The prevalence rate is a mortality measure." 4. A case control study is used to measure the prevalence rate."

2. "The prevalence rate considers new cases of disease."

A population health nurse is researching evidence-based strategies for decreasing pollution caused by industrial waste. Which of the following does the nurse identify as a reason to use a Cochrane review as a resource to obtain information? 1. Cochrane is administered by the CDC. 2. Cochrane addresses the nation's security level. 3. Cochrane uses 17 specific intervention topics to guide practice. 4. Cochrane contains systematic reviews of synthesized evidence.

4. Cochrane contains systematic reviews of synthesized evidence.