Como exam 4

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Examples of nominal placing of data into categories, without any order or structure. Examples Yes or no Mutually exclusive Exhaustive categories

(There is no ordering of the categories- no higher or lower. The use of number with this type of measurement is arbitrary yes=1, no=2 or yes=0 and no=1. Examples of nominal variables are ethnicity, marital status, yes/no responses, religion, political affiliation.)

Autoerotic Asphyxia Restriction of oxygen Mistaken for suicide

Intentional restriction of oxygen for arousal First used as treatment for erectile dysfunction Sometimes mistaken for suicide or homicide if a partner is present Sometimes called Breath Control Play

Autoeroticism Pleasure through harm of body Not a paraohillia disorder

Sexual gratification through stimulation by oneself of one's own body (using your own body sexually This is not a paraphilia disorder Sexual gratification through stimulation by oneself of one's own body (using your own body sexually This is not a paraphilia disorder Sexual gratification through stimulation by oneself of one's own body (using your own body sexually This is not a paraphilia disorder

Therapeutic Alliance Key to positive outcomes Rapport on going trust

Client-therapist relationships are key to positive outcomes in therapeutic situation Rapport/on-going trust Accountability Gauged periods of measurement of progress

Generally stabled over time

mental retardation is an Axis II disorder that is characterized by

Identify 3 perspectives that are psychologically based. Peter Didn't See Hatec

• Psycho-dynamic • Developmental • Social Behavioral • Humanistic

Open v Closed groups

•Closed - •Fixed membership •Number of sessions predetermined •Members often working issues that can't be addressed in one or two sessions •Or educational groups where learning is a step-by -step process

Jay Haley

•Co-creator of structural family theory •Worked with Salvador Minuchin

Family homestasis ***Continue motion ***Environmental factors ***£Inside family handles it their self ( closed system

•Continuous motion, adaptation and change in response to environmental factors •Family dynamics are based on feedback •In a closed system homeostasis may involve an issue or problem that the family wishes to resolve without outside assistance •Whereas in an open system in order to maintain a healthy level of functioning the family seeks assistance outside of itself Family Homeostasis

Ecological theory

emphasizes that the way people perceive their environments and experiences affects their well being.

The primary structural problem in most single parent families is an

enmeshed mother.

Random errors Inconsistent values Cause by unknown and unpredictable changes in the ****Examples of causes of random errors are: • electronic noise in the circuit of an electrical instrument, • irregular changes in the heat loss rate from a solar collector due to changes in the wind.

errors in measurement that lead to measurable values being inconsistent when repeated measures of a constant attribute or quantity are taken. Systematic errors are errors that are not determined by chance but are introduced by an inaccuracy (as of observation or measurement) inherent in the system. Random errors in experimental measurements are caused by unknown and unpredictable changes in the experiment. These changes may occur in the measuring instruments or in the environmental conditions. Examples of causes

Define Single Parent families

families consisting of one parent and one or more children; the parent can be divorced, widowed, or never married.

Origins of DSM-IV-TR

•The first edition of DSM was created in 1952 in the US. •It was a result of the need to treat the mental disorders of veterans after WWII. •It also was a result of the World Health Organization's need to conduct epidemiological research

Involuntary hospitalization- Treatment Against there will

legal procedure used to compel an individual to receive inpatient treatment for a mental health disorder against his or her will

296.36

major depressive disorder recurrent is coded in the DSM 5 for someone who suffers mild depression as

Split half approach

(statistics) A method used to gage the reliability of a test; two sets of scores are obtained from the same test, one set from odd items and one set from even items, and the scores of the two sets are correlated.

Middle/Working Stage Many group never evolve to a working level Even if do the group might not remain that way

** this is the most productive stage characterized by productivity. ●Mutuality, self-exploration and intimacy increase, and the group is focused on making behavioral changes toward goals. ●Many groups never evolve to a true working level, but significant work takes place at every stage of a group, not just during the working stage. ●Even if the group reaches a high level of productivity during the working stage, the group may not remain at that level. ●Periods of stagnation can be expected, but if they are recognized, they can be challenged.

Generalist social worker W.C.E.A.R

*Considers interventions at ALL systems levels: *Work directly with client systems ●Connect client systems to resources ●Enhance the responsiveness of resource systems ●Advocate for just social policies to ensure equitable resource distribution ●Research all aspects of the process W.C.E.A.R

Freud Difficulties experienced by adults was from unresolved childhood conflicts * believed psychoanalysis cab recover repressed memories and fantasies

*Freud maintained that most of the psychological difficulties experienced by adults result from unresolved childhood conflicts. *Freud believed that through psychoanalysis, repressed childhood memories and fantasies could be uncovered and resolved.

Content validity Accuracy Does it measure what it's suppose to

- - refers to the accuracy of a measure. Does it accurately measure what it is intended to measure? -

Latency stage Sexual instincts quiet Socialization education

- About age 6 to puberty. Sexual instincts are quiet permitting child to invest energy in socialization and education.

Erickson psychosocial Crisis

- In Erikson's meaning, crisis does not indicate an extreme emergency or traumatic experience ➢ A crisis represents a bipolar set of critical psychological tasks that require adaptation or coping ➢ Crises are resolved by the individual in interaction with the people around the individual & the social role expectations of society ➢ The degree to which a person successfully resolves crises in earlier stages affects a person's ability to resolve crises in later stages

Erickson psychosocial Crisis Don't Play That Does not indicate extreme emergency * psychological task requires coping * the way a person deals with task determines how they will deal with it in the future

Psychological crisis *****Psychological task that needs adaptation or coping ****Resolved by interaction with the people around the individual *****Resolving crises in earlier stages affects solving them in later stages

Epigenetic principle- ****Environment influence how we progress ****Develop through personality in predetermine stages

- the notion that we develop through an unfolding of our personality in predetermined stages, and that our environment and surrounding culture influence how we progress.

Entitlement Programs

-"Government program that provides individuals with personal financial benefits (or sometimes special government-provided goods or services) to which an indefinite (but usually rather large) number of potential beneficiaries have a legal right (enforceable in court, if necessary) whenever they meet eligibility conditions that are specified by the standing law that authorizes the program." -" The beneficiaries of entitlement programs are normally individual citizens or residents, but sometimes organizations such as business corporations, local governments, or even political parties may have similar special "entitlements" under certain programs."

dynamic.

1. American marriages & families are

Describe the 3 major ways in which generalist social workers enhance the functioning of systems

1. Connect clients to available resources. 2. Intervene with organizations to enhance responsiveness of resource systems. 3. Advocate for just social policies to ensure to equitable distribution of resources and research all aspects of social work practice.

Psycho-dynamic perspective ****Child hood experience is central to emotion as well as problems throughout life . *****May become overwhelmed by internal \ external demands Frequently use ego defense mechanisms to avoid being overwhelmed by internal /external demands

1. Early childhood experiences are central in the patterning of an individual's emotions and, therefore, central to problems of living throughout life. 2. Individuals may become overwhelmed by internal and/or external demands. 3. Individuals frequently use ego defense mechanisms to avoid becoming overwhelmed by internal and/or external demands.

Macro level

1. Facilitates social change through work with neighborhoods, communities, and society at large—nations/world

System theory Made up of interrelated Members that constitute a whole *maintain boundaries that give identity * interactions amongst system produce charge Sometimes dramatic

1. Systems are made up of interrelated members (parts) that constitute an ordered whole. 2. Each part of the system impacts all other parts and the system as a whole. 3. All systems are subsystems of other larger systems. 4. Systems maintain boundaries that give them their identities. 5. The dynamic interactions within, between, and among systems produce both stability and change, sometimes even rapid, dramatic change.

Core Values of social work S.s.d.i.i.c

1.Service 2.Social Justice 3.Dignity & Worth of the Individual 4.Importance of Human Relationships 5.Integrity 6.Competence

Spaht

10. Fidelity (a hallmark of marriage

Rights of Parents with Commitment Rice, rat Run from ray right ? Relief Information Commitment of family member Emotional support Respite care A part of treatment plan Training in behavioral methods Review patient records Free of responsibly Right to have custody Right fit mentally ill to have custody

13. Rights of Parents with Commitment - Right to Relief from Burden Right to, Financial for Family Organizations, Right to Information, Right to Request Commitment of a Family Member, Right to Emotional Support, Right to Respite Care, Right to be Part of a Treatment Team, Right to Training in Behavioral Methods, Right to Review Patient Records, Right to be Free of Responsibility for Actions by the Patient, Right of Parents to Have Custody of Their Children, Rights of Parents with Mental Illness to Have Custody of their Children.

Anal stage Bowel control Self control Differentiating self from everyone

18 months to age 3. Toilet training and bowel control. Infant learns self-control and begins differentiating self from the rest of the world.

2. Identify 3 perspectives that are sociologically-based. Sceers Systems Conflict Ecological Empowerment theories Rational choice Systems

2. Identify 3 perspectives that are sociologically-based. • Systems • Ecological • Conflict • Rational Choice • Social Constructionist • Empowerment Theories

Communication

2. Top complaints of married partners:

3. Stages of the Family Life Cycle L.J.F.F.L.F Let's Jam Forever Forever Like Forever

3. Stages of the Family Life Cycle • Leaving home • Joining of families through marriage • Families with young children • Families with adolescents • Launching children • Families in later life

Adjustment disorder with anxiety

309.24

ADHD inattentive Type ***6 symptoms persisted for 6 months *** Careless mistakes in school in other activities **** *** difficulty paying attention **fails to finish school work * fails to complete task that involves mental work

6 or more of the symptoms of inattention have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that maladaptive and inconsistent with development level: Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in school or other activities, often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks, does not seem to listen when spoken to directly, does not follow through on instruction and fails to finish school work, chores or duties in the workplace, has difficulty organizing tasks and activities, avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort, loses things necessary for tasks or activities, easily distracted by external stimuli, often forgetful in daily activities

6. Mental Retardation is indicated by an IQ score of below?

Major depressive disorder Present for at least two weeks Sigecapss Weight lost or weight gain Change of more than 5 percent

9. Major Depressive Disorder Major depression, or clinical depression, is marked by a depressed mood most of the day, particularly in the morning, and a loss of interest in normal activities and relationships -- symptoms that are present every day for at least 2 weeks. In addition, according to the DSM-5 you may have other symptoms: •Fatigue or loss of energy almost every day •Feelings of worthlessness or guilt almost every day •Impaired concentration, indecisiveness •Insomnia or hypersomnia (excessive sleeping) almost every day •Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in almost all activities nearly every day (called anhedonia, this symptom can be indicated by reports from significant others) •Restlessness or feeling slowed down •Recurring thoughts of death or suicide •Significant weight loss or gain (a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month)

Individual Discrimination Individual members Harmful effect on members of another group

: ●Refers to the behavior of individual members of one group/category that is intended to have a differential and/or harmful effect on members of another group/category ●May be multidirectional---dominants may discriminate against subordinates; subordinates may discriminate against dominants; dominants may discriminate against dominants (different groups); subordinates may discriminate against subordinates (different groups)

Social exchange theory

: A theory in the rational choice perspective that sees human behavior as based on the desire to maximize benefits and minimize costs in social interactions

Internal validity Relationship between independent and dependent variable If so is it a casual one

: allows for an investigator to obtain accurate answers to (1) Is there a relationship between the independent and dependent variables? (2) If so, is the relationship a causal one?

➢Nominal Scale:

: divides variables into unordered categories

Single subject design Investigate effects of independent variable On the behaivors f subject or small subjects Reliable valid and sensitive to change

: used to investigate the effects of an independent variable on the behavior of one subject or a small number of subjects; they can also be used with groups of subjects

Anonymity Remain anonymous Can't expose client identity

; anonymity means that participants can remain anonymous; the study cannot link individual responses with

Supply side economics Expansion of long supply curve Less government taxes and spending

A body of economic theory that argues for a focus on the expansion of the long run supply curve. Usually associated with arguments in favor of less government (taxes and spending) as a solution to macroeconomic difficulties

Repression

A deep form of denial where unpleasant memories are pushed into the unconscious and completely forgotten to the conscious mind. "Lost memory syndrome"

Delirium

A disturbance in consciousness accomplanied by either a change in cognition (e.g., loss of memory, disorientation) and/or perceptual abnormalities. Can be caused by a general medical condition or substance use and symptoms usually develop rapidly and fluctuate over time.

Dementia

A disturbance involving some degree of memory impairment and at least one cognitive impairment (aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, disturbance in executive functioning). Can be caused by a general medical condition or substance use. Onset is usually insidious and the courseis progressive.

Bizzare delusions

A fixed, false belief which, unlike non-bizarre delusions, cannot possibly be true. Example: The patient insists his neighbors are actually actors, and that all his doings are seen by millions of strangers on television.

Frotteurism

A man rubs his body against a woman he does not know in a subway. When arrested, it is discovered that he has been previously arrested for this type of behavior. The man would likely be diagnosed with

Grandiose delusion

A person with this type of delusional disorder has an over-inflated sense of worth, power, knowledge, or identity. The person might believe he or she has a great talent or has made an important discovery. Symptoms self-worth power[5] knowledge identity exceptional relationship to a divinity or famous person.

Disorientation

A person's inability to correctly identify the current time, place, and his/her own name.

Tactile hallucinations Contact with object that's not there

A sensation of physical contact with an object that isn't there. One type of tactile hallucination, the feeling that something is crawling on or under one's skin, is also known as formication. Example: The patient jumps up, whirls around, and looks confused. He explains that somebody just touched the back of his head, even though nobody else has been in the room with him for at least fifteen minutes.

Unconditioned stimulus

A stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response; for example, food is an unconditioned stimulus for a hungry animal, and salivation is the unconditioned response.

Random sampling

A subset of a statistical population in which each member of the subset has an equal probability of being chosen. A simple random sample is meant to be an unbiased representation of a group. An example of a simple random sample would be a group of 25 employees chosen out of a hat from a company of 250 employees. In this case, the population is all 250 employees, and the sample is random because each employee has an equal chance of being chosen.

Regressive tax system

A tax that takes a larger percentage from low-income people than from high-income people. A regressive tax is generally a tax that is applied uniformly. This means that it hits lower-income individuals harder.

Operant conditioning theory: Theory Reinforcements

A theory in the social behavioral perspective that sees behavior as the result of reinforcement

Classical conditioning theory: Association Condition stimulus Unconditioned stimulus

A theory in the social behavioral perspective that sees behavior as the result of the association of a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus

Chaos Theory

A theory that emphasizes systems processes that produce change, even sudden, rapid, change

Definition of the family Blood, marriage or affiliation Two or more persons Share household

A unit of two or more persons, of which one or more may be children who are related by blood, marriage, or affiliation and who cooperate economically and may share a common dwelling place

Class advocacy

Advocacy that represents a specific population aggregate and seeks fairness through policies and programs that target resources accordingly.

Asperg disorder Difficult with social interactions Affect children in adults Motor development delayed leading to clumsiness Robotic speech Tendency to discuss self Challenge with nonverbal communication Obsession with specific topics

Affected children and adults have difficulty with social interactions and exhibit a restricted range of interests and/or repetitive behaviors. Motor development may be delayed, leading to clumsiness or uncoordinated motor movements Symptoms limited or inappropriate social interactions • "robotic" or repetitive speech • challenges with nonverbal communication (gestures, facial expression, etc.) coupled with average to above average verbal skills • tendency to discuss self rather than others • inability to understand social/emotional issues or nonliteral phrases • lack of eye contact or reciprocal conversation • obsession with specific, often unusual, topics • one-sided conversations • awkward movements and/or mannerisms

Systems perspective:

An approach that sees human behavior as the outcome of reciprocal interactions of persons operating within organized and integrated social systems

Conflict perspective: Conflict Dominance Oppression

An approach to human behavior that draws attention to conflict, dominance, and oppression in social life

Civil commitment procedures Governed by Federal constitutional laws State statutes State mental Health codes

Civil Commitment procedures Governed by Federal constitutional laws State statutes State mental Health codes

Psychodynamic perspective:

An approach that focuses on how internal processes motivate human behavior

Boundary Imaginary line

An imaginary line of demarcation that defines which human and nonhuman elements are included in a given system and which elements are outside the system

Rennie v Klein

An involuntarily committed patient who has not been found incompetent, absent an emergency, has a qualified right to refuse psychotropic medication. New Jersey's administrative policies, which provide for a second psychiatric opinion in the case of refusing patients, give adequate scope for the exercise of that right to satisfy constitutional requiremen

Anonymity and confidentiality Anonymity ( no ones knows where the responses from not even researcher Confidentiality Participant known to researcher But protected through special coding

Anonymity—Protection of sensitive information in the form of truly anonymous responses. Neither the researcher nor anyone else can identify actual participants. Separation of personal identifying information from research data Confidentiality—Participant identity known to researcher, but protected through use of special coding, data stored in locked area.

Single subject designs

Are research methods aimed at deterring whether or not intervention was successful. (Single subject designs have had many names, including single N or N=1 research, single-subject research, single-subject design, single-case study design, single system design, and time-series research or design). {ALL THE ABOVE}

Personality disorders

Are stabled over time

Conducting SSRD

Ask: •Are data showing client improvement? •Are data demonstrating client deterioration? •Do data depict no change? •Are the data unclear?

Suitability Ask questions Appropriate for population reading level and vocabulary As well for their emotional state

Asking questions if this instrument will be appropriate to your populations reading level and vocabulary as well as there emotional state

Beginning stage task P.H..A.F.E.I

Beginning stage task ▪ Prepare room and setting ▪ Help create a contract ▪ Assist in establishing group norms ▪ Facilitate in defining group goals ▪ Encourage members assessment of each other and group ▪ Introduction, check in go round, sharing time

GAF SCALE 30-21 Behavior influenced hallucinations or delusions

Behavior is considerably influenced by delusions or hallucinations, or SERIOUSE impairment in communication, or judgment (sometime incoherent, acts grossly inappropriate, suicidal preoccupation)

Social Work Model

Bio -psychosocial approach based. Combines psychopharmacology with psychotherapy

Maslow hierarchy of needs From 1-5 ( reverse it biological would be at the bottom as most important B.S.B.E.S

Biological and Physiological needs - air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, etc. 2. Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law, limits, stability, etc. 3. Belongingness and Love needs - work group, family, affection, relationships, etc. 4. Esteem needs - self-esteem, achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, managerial responsibility, etc. 5. Self-Actualization needs - realising personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences.

Borderline Intellectual Functioning 70-85 Not classified as disability Often have struggles in life

Categorization of intelligence o Average cognition (Intelligence Quotient - 70 to 85) o Not generally classified as a disability o Persons often have struggles in life due to cognitive impairment

Child free marriage

Childfree people are people who choose not to have children.

Rights of mental health services for children C.V.C.C Can Vitamins Cure Cancer Children under 18do not have the same rights as adults for mental health services Vary by state Considered incompetent Limits decisions due to age Children 14 cab be considered mature enough to make decisions regarding outpatient mental Heath care

Children plus adolescents under 18 years do not have the same rights that an adult has with regard to mental health services . * vary by state * in general children are presumed incompetent limited in the types of decisions they can make due to age * children around 14, may be considered 'mature minors and be able to take part in the decision making process regarding outpatient mental health care

ADHD intinitive type ***Difficulty paying attention

Children who have it have a lot of difficulty paying attention. That's how you can tell it apart from two other types of the disorder.

How is childhood gender socialization depicted in children's literature? Girls are passive and dependent Boys instrumental and assertive

Children's literature, traditionally depicts girls as passive and dependent, whereas boys are instrumental and assertive.

Civil commitment (Definition from Plummer)

Civil Commitment •Involuntary commitment or civil commitment is a legal process through which an individual with symptoms of severe mental illness is court-ordered into treatment in a psychiatric hospital (inpatient) or in the community (outpatient).

Mentally ill rights to confidentiality C.I.W.W.C.D

Confidentiality as a Professional II ▪Patient Right to confidentiality is not an absolute -Can be breached during an emergency -In acting to civilly commit client for mental health care -When protecting 3rd parties from a client -When conforming to child welfare policies -Conforming to other statutory reporting requirements -Discussing case with supervisors

What is the most consistent predictor of marital stability?

Consistently, the most significant predictor of marital stability is the age at which people marry.

Construct validity- the testing of presumed relationships and hypotheses

According to Kohlberg, the level of morality most individuals reach is

Conventional

Stereotypes Pass down to generation Cultural beliefs Might have a grain of truth Often portray in negative ways

Cultural beliefs about a particular group that are usually highly exaggerated & distorted, even though they may have a grain of truth ● are passed down from one generation to the next and are supported/reinforced via various mechanisms---including the media. ●In addition to being inaccurate, stereotypes often portray the group in question in negative ways

DRG **Classify Patient under similar group ***Doctors can treat client better and provide better resources ***And predict cost of treatment **Hospitals paid fix rates for patient hospital stay

DRGs are a means of classifying a patient under a particular group where those assigned are likely to need a similar level of hospital resources for their care. This allows hospital administrators to more accurately determine the type of resources needed to treat a particular group and to predict more closely, the cost of that treatment. •https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/MedicareFeeforSvcPartsAB/downloads/DRGdesc08.pdf •Hospitals are paid fixed rates for a patients hospital stay

Diagnostic statistical manual

DSM stands for

De jure and de facto

De jure and de facto mental health policies are both involved in the public funding patterns for mental health illness De jure- the law •De facto-the reality •Jails have become de facto providers of mental health services for many homeless mentally ill persons. •Community Mental Health Centers are the de jure providers of mental health care, as defined by the Community Mental Health Care Act

Quantitative research

Deals with numbers. Data which can be measured. Length, height, area, volume, weight, speed, time, temperature, humidity, sound levels, cost, members, ages, etc. Quantitative → Quantity

Kubler five stages of grief (D.A.B.D.A

Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance

3 most common disorders **** new advised one ** D.S.B

Depression , schizophrenia , bipolar disorder

Super ego Between 3-5 Without superego entirely egocentric Guilt disobeyed ********Angel

Develops between ages 3-5 - one's conscience. An internalized sense of morality learned from one's parents. Yields guilt when disobeyed. Without superego, a person would be entirely egocentric (thinking only of one's self)

Benefits of the DSM

Diagnosis: 1. Reduces clinical complexity 2. Treatment Guides 3. Enables communication 4. *Helps to determine benefits levels from various programs( 5. Legal relevance 6. Epidemiology

Due process rights 2 S.D.R.R Sombody Don't Recognize Real States have different procedures for minors that's different for adults Influence by expert witness social workers Psychologist social workers A person deprived of liberty should receive treatment No entitlement under U.S Constitution for a community placement

Due Process and Rights II ▪States have different procedures for minors, which are not often as for as those for adults ▪Decisions about involuntary hospitalization are influences by the expert witness of people such as psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers ▪Right to Treatment-"If a person is deprived of the liberty in order that he be treated for his mental illness, he should, in fact, receive such treatment." Fellin ▪Right to Treatment in Community-Goodwill v Cuomo-suggests there is no entitlement under U.S. Constitution for a community placement or a "least restrictive environme

Background of deinstitutionalization and creation of Nani

During the 1970's and before, serious mental illness, particularly schizophrenia, was viewed with considerable ignorance, shame and guilt by the public and even those who suffered quietly from its effects. Parents and family were often viewed as the cause of their child's illness rather than its solution. Professional psychiatrists and psychologists had primary responsibility for diagnosis and treatment. Parents and families had little say in the care and treatment of their family member. Individuals with serious mental illness were generally locked away in dilapidated and deteriorating institutions for months and years on end. The advent of new drugs in the 1950's and 1960's made it possible for the first time in history for seriously mentally ill individuals to function on their own in the society. These new medications provided an essential ingredient for a new approach to serious mental illness in California that would emphasize community based care." http://www.namica.org/

Duty to warn Tarasoff v regents * mental health professionals rare to report violent actions to protect threaten individual

Duty to Warn ▪Duty to warn-legal responsibility of mental health professionals to warn and/or protect third parties from the violent actions or patients/clients (Fellin, p131) ▪Tarasoff v Regents of University of California--The original 1974 decision mandated warning the threatened individual, but a 1976 rehearing of the case by the California Supreme Court called for a "duty to protect" the intended victim. The professional may discharge the duty in several ways, including notifying police, warning the intended victim, and/or taking other reasonable steps to protect the threatened individual. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnRzwSDFMYM Watch

Charity originization Society Privately administered and philanthropically funded organizations that were the essential forerunners of modern social services agencies. The first COS was established in London in 1869. duplicated in larger eastern cities soon thereafter. COSs were staffed by volunteer workers who provided direct services to clients and coordinated community efforts to deal with social problems. Established as an organized effort to end poverty - first known as friendly - focus on the individual and poverty was a character defect Goal was to discover what caused poverty among individuals eliminate the cause and rid society of poverty By the 1930s, as government assumed more responsibility for people's economic and social security, the original COS goal was reached; thus, most of the organizations suspended their operations or merged with other social agencies.

Established as an organized effort to end poverty - first known as friendly - focus on the individual and poverty was a character defect Goal was to discover what caused poverty among individuals eliminate the cause and rid society of poverty

Examples of Entitlement Programs

Examples of entitlement programs at the federal level include Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid, most Veterans' Administration programs, federal employee and military retirement plans, unemployment compensation, food stamps, and agricultural price support programs

3. What is not a rationale for using any edition of the DSM?

Explanation of mental illness

*******Family boundaries (permeable versus semi-permeable) Permeable Psychological Behavior aspects enter Rigid boundaries Overly restrictive Little contact with outside systems Results in disengagement

Family boundaries (permeable versus semi-permeable) Permeable boundaries • Extent to which a boundary allows psychological or behavioral aspects of one role or domain to enter another Impermeable (rigid) boundaries • Rigid boundaries are overly restrictive and permit little contact with outside subsystems, resulting in disengagement.

Narrative Therapy and Reauthorizing Experience produce expectations Helps client to evaluate alternative outcomes

Focus is on how experience produces expectations Then expectations influence experience through creation of organizing stories Helps the client to evaluate alternative outcomes

Mesosystem

Focuses on the interactions among two or mote environmental settings in which people live. EX. The dynamics between a client's work and home.

Formative and Process Evaluations—what are they, when are they used? Prove Myself By Purpose to reshape and refine programs Main focus not measurment of outcomes Studies program and clientele make revisions if needed Begins by developing logic model

Formative and Process Evaluations—what are they, when are they used? • Purpose to shape and refine programs • Main focus is not measurement of client outcomes • Studies the program and its clientele, to understand it and make any needed revisions, before doing outcome research • Begins with developing a logic model

Forms of data collection in qualitative research—3 basic forms Free The Dogs • Field notes generated by on-site observation • Transcriptions and other documentation generated by in-depth interviews • Documents and other sources of existing data

Forms of data collection in qualitative research—3 basic forms • Field notes generated by on-site observation • Transcriptions and other documentation generated by in-depth interviews • Documents and other sources of existing data

Genital stage Drives are love and work

From puberty on. Mature sexuality. Major drives are love and work.

SSRD with needs assement a

Gather data

Goals of DSM R.I.I.A

Goals: • Reduce use of medication • Increase understanding of children • Increase awareness of at risk behaviors • Allow for time to diagnose accurately

In-Kind Benefits

Goods and services provided for free or greatly reduced prices

Self help groups Leader shares problem Group solve their own problem

Help group members solve their own problems. Leader is often a layperson who shares the problem.

ID Hunger elimination sex Drives yield pleasure ******Devil

Home of primitive animalistic energy and subconscious drives such as huger, elimination, and sex. Satisfaction of drives yields pleasure.

The English poor laws

In 1834 a new Poor Law was introduced. Some people welcomed it because they believed it would: reduce the cost of looking after the poor take beggars off the streets encourage poor people to work hard to support themselves The new Poor Law ensured that the poor were housed in workhouses, clothed and fed. Children who entered the workhouse would receive some schooling. In return for this care, all workhouse paupers would have to work for several hours each day

Factors effecting readiness of group fragile or unable to tolerate aggressive or hostile comments from other members are at risk of dropping out, The group can be injured by the premature departure of any of its members, and it is up to the therapist to minimize the likelihood of this occurrence by careful selection and management of the group process. the therapist does not support them and help reduce their sense of isolation and aloneness, they may drop out and feel like failures.

Individuals who are emotionally fragile or unable to tolerate aggressive or hostile comments from other members are at risk of dropping out, as are those who have trouble communicating in a group setting. If the therapist does not support them and help reduce their sense of isolation and aloneness, they may drop out and feel like failures. The group can be injured by the premature departure of any of its members, and it is up to the therapist to minimize the likelihood of this occurrence by careful selection and management of the group process.

Learned helplessness

In cognitive social learning theory, a situation in which a person's prior experience with environmental forces has led to low self efficacy and efficacy expectation

Treatment fidelity Strategies Enhance Intervention Implemented To study participants

In intervention research, tdefined as the strategies that monitor and enhance the accuracy and consistency of an intervention to ensure it is implemented as planned and that each component is delivered in a comparable manner to all study participants over time

What is the relationship between power and public policy?

In order to truly understand policy, you must also understand power.

GAF SCALE: 0

Inadequate information

Role Conflict

Incompatible expectations for the various roles a person holds, or competing expectations for performance in a particular role.

Forms of data collection for qualitative research

Individual interviews Focus groups Observations Action Research

Race

The term 'race' is a social construct used to classify people on the basis of supposed physical and cultural similarities deriving from their common descent

Informed consents requirements Pointing Right Provides No Protection Provide nature of project Research participants must be volunteers Participants given information about risk discomfort and benefits No harm done to participants Protection of sensitive information

Informed consent/requirements- provide general but brief information of the nature of the project. Consent forms aren't typically used with mail, Internet, or telephone surveys. Guideline: 1. Research participants must be volunteers 2. Potential participants should be given sufficient information about the study to determine any possible risks or discomforts as well ass benefits. 3. No harm shall result as a consequence of participation in the evaluation. 4. Protection of sensitive information.

Tourette's Disorder ***Inherited disorder ***Tics that affects parts of the body Eye blinks are common Throat clearing

Inherited neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood Genetic and environmental factors Entails many tics that affect various parts of the body Eye blinks are common, joined by vocal tics which may be grunts or throat clearings Muscle relaxation (release tension and focus on body) and cognitive behavioral therapy may add some relief

Insitutional review boards Review research , objectives , protocols Federal mandate

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) •Federal mandate for IRBs -Concern during 1970s about unethical research -IRBs review research objectives, methodology, and protocols •Goal to protect human beings from risky, harmful, research or research not respectful of human rights and dignity •Flagrant examples of harmful research -Nazi experiments -Tuskegee study of black males with syphilis in the US

Involuntary commitment

Involuntary commitment is the practice of placing a person to a psychiatric hospital or ward against his or her will, in compliance with mental health laws of the country.

Religion Spiritual beliefs Social institutions Community support

Involves the patterning of spiritual beliefs and practices into social institutions, with community support and traditions maintained over time

Homophobia Irrational fears Of home sexuality in self or others Intense dislike

Irrational fears of homosexuality in others or within oneself, or self-loathing based on same-sex attraction.

Item Single indicator Variable

Item-a single indicator of a variable

Stages of the Family Life Cycle L.J.F.F.L.F Let's Jam Forever Forever Like Foreal

Leaving home · Joining of families through marriage · Families with young children · Families with adolescents · Launching children · Families in later life

Macro level Neighborhoods , community , societies at large

Macro Level Intervention ●Facilitates social change through work with neighborhoods, communities and society-at large---including nations/world

Definitions of mental illness and jurisdiction- Mental illness (Mood, thinking behavior ) Jurisdiction ( power , legal decision Judgements

Mental Illness-a disorder that affects mood, thinking and behavior Jurisdiction-the official power to make legal decisions and judgments

Mental health benefit restriction

Mental health Benifits are restricted under public sector

Mentally Retarded persons (MR) - ******developmentally disabled) ******pose a danger to themselves or others;

Mentally Retarded persons (MR) - Persons that are mentally retarded (developmentally disabled) and as a result, pose a danger to themselves or others;

Mezzo level Change in Task groups, team, Organizational structures

Mezzo/mid-level Intervention ●Creates change in task groups, teams, organizational structures & service delivery networks ●

Micro *****groups is considered micro Individuals families Small groups Promotes individual and Relationship change

Micro level Intervention ●Works with people individually, in families, or in small groups to foster individual & relationship change

GAF SCALE: 70-61- Mild

Mild symptoms (depressed mood) OR some problems functioning in school occupational and social (minimal theft), but generally function pretty well, some meaning full interpersonal relations ship

GAF SCALE:60-51 — Moderate

Moderate difficulty in both,

3 common disorder ( comp exam) M.A.S

Mood disorders Anxiety disorder Substance abuse disorder

Prejudice Negative attitudes Think feel believe Highly correlated with stereotypes

Negative attitudes toward a specific group of people ●Refers to what people think, feel & believe ●Much the research regarding prejudice has focused on race & ethnicity; however, this concept can also be applied to gender, sexual orientation & social class ●Thus, people may be prejudiced against persons of various cultural/ethnic/racial backgrounds, sexual orientations & social classes. ●Highly correlated with stereotypes

Is Mental Retardation coded on Axis I in the DSM IV-TR?

Non judgmentalism

Non-judgmentalism- approach client situations without provoking blame and judgment acknowledge and manage our personal values and beliefs, set aside personal judgments

Agoraphobia

Often paired w/ panic disorder; involving physical space; lower level of functioning; affects work, store, etc. 2/5 situations 1) Using public transportation 2) Being in open spaces 3) Being in enclosed spaces 4) Standing in line or being in a crowd 5) Being outside of the home alone * must show avoidance behavior; avoids b/c of the thought that escape might be difficult

Acute stress disorder

PTSD-like symptoms immediately follows exposure to traumatic event lasts 2 days - 4 weeks

Family boundaries

Permeable boundaries- extent to which a boundary allows psychological or behavioral aspects of one role mainto enters other Impermeable rigid ) boundaries are overly restrictive permit little contact with outside with outside subsystem resulting in disengagement .

Addington v. Texas Histor of mental illness Threats *****burden of proof of "preponderance of the evidence" to the criminal burden of "clear and convincing" evidence.

Plaintiff, who disputed his dangerousness, was indefinitely committed based on a history of mental illness, threats, and several in-hospital assaults. Held: jury instruction requiring "clear and convincing evidence" that plaintiff required commitment "for his own welfare and protection, or the protection of others" was constitutionally adequate. -This case raised the burden of proof required to commit persons from the usual civil burden of proof of "preponderance of the evidence" to the criminal burden of "clear and convincing" evidence.

Persons Mentally Ill and Dangerous to the Public (MI&D) - Persons that are mentally ill ***have caused or intended to cause serious physical harm to another ****and are likely to take such action in the future;

Persons Mentally Ill and Dangerous to the Public (MI&D) - Persons that are mentally ill and as a result, have caused or intended to cause serious physical harm to another and are likely to take such action in the future; • .

When does policy analyst occur

Policy analysis provides information necessary for political decisions. Policy analysis should consider both political and scientific (evidence based) information.

When does policy analysis occur? It can occur anytime

Policy analysis provides information necessary for political decisions. Policy analysis should consider both political and scientific (evidence based) information. Generally addresses one or more of 5 purposes: ● Tries to solve a social problem ● Locates the public interest ● Identifies and legitimizes special social goals ● Provides a future context for resolving conflicting values ● Establishes the direction for future social activity

Prejudice Versus Discrimination

Prejudice is what people think, feel & believe; discrimination is what people do

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

Preoccupation w/ orderliness, perfectionism, & mental/interpersonal control, at the expense of inflexibility, openness & efficiency; Rules, lists, high standards, rigid thinking/morals, stubborn, stinginess 4/8 1) Preoccupied w/ details, rules, lists, order, organization, schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost 2) Perfectionism that interferes w/ task completion 3) Excessively devoted to work to the exclusion of leisure activities/friendships 4) Over conscientious, scrupulous, & inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, values 5) Unable to discard worn-out worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value 6) Reluctant to delegate tasks or to work w/ others unless they submit exactly his way of doing things 7) Adopt a miserly spending style towards self/others; money is viewed as something to be hoarded for future catastrophes 8) Shows rigidity and stubbornness

Body Dysmorphic Disorder Affects men and women Avoids social interactions Often feels ugly Repeatedly consulting friends and physicians about problem

Preoccupation with body; defects; imagined defects Often feel ugly/avoids social interactions Affects men and women; often begins in teen years and early adulthood May be consumed with repetitive behaviors to address the defects Repeatedly consulting friends, physicians to address May seek surgeries to 'fix' the area(s)

Workload manager ***Effective provision of service *****Simultaneously meeting the requirements of the agency

Purpose: is to manage ones workload in a way that allows for effective provision of service to clients and the employing agency Involves: providing services to clients while simultaneously meeting the obligations/requirements of the employing agency Functions: Work Planning (assessing workload, setting priorities and planning)

Rennie vs Klein

Qualified right to refuse medication

Captitation Plan and mental health services *****Private insurance plans usually involve higher quality and quantity of mental health services than public sector ******* payment arrangement For physician or nurse practitioners Pats a set amount for each person enrolled whether or not that person seems care Persons are group by illness Episode individual procedures and coverage period

Private insurance plans usually involve higher quality and quantity of mental health services than public sector •Capitation Plans-Capitation is a payment arrangement for health care service providers such as physicians or nurse practitioners. It pays a physician or group of physicians a set amount for each enrolled person assigned to them, per period of time, whether or not that person seeks care •Mental health and capitation- persons are grouped by illness episode, individual procedures, and coverage period

Charity organization Society The first COS was established in London in 1869. The first American COS was in Buffalo, New York, in 1877 and was duplicated in larger eastern cities soon thereafter staffed by volunteer workers who provided direct services to clients and coordinated community efforts to deal with social problems Known as friendly visitors 1930 government took more responsibility Of people economic and social security Most merged with other agencies

Privately administered and philanthropically funded organizations that were the essential forerunners of modern social services agencies. The first COS was established in London in 1869. The first American COS was in Buffalo, New York, in 1877 and was duplicated in larger eastern cities soon thereafter. COSs were staffed by volunteer workers who provided direct services to clients and coordinated community efforts to deal with social problems. As more COS workers, sometimes known as friendly visitors, gradually became professionalized, they were called social workers. By the 1930s, as government assumed more responsibility for people's economic and social security, the original COS goal was reached; thus, most of the organizations suspended their operations or merged with other social agencies.

What is civil commitment

Process of involuntarily hospitalizing mentally ill people who are thought to be dangerous -A controversial issue ▪All states provide for civil commitment of mentally ill persons ▪Civil commitment codes are governed by: -Federal constitutional laws -State Statutes -State Mental Health Code

3 goals of Process evaluation Program description D.R Program monitoring D.u.B.M Quality assurance R.E.F.I

Program description -document operations of program -rely heavily on data captured by agency's - •Ways to collect information -Face-to-face and telephone interviews, surveys, key informant interviews, focus groups, organization record analysis, program documentation analysis, observations, case studies Program monitoring Does not require elaborate research design - understanding of what happen I the program and to whom Begins by examining basic goals and objectives - monitor data to ensure they are serving people who are meant to be served -Program monitoring essential to sound management Quality assurance -review clinicial records -evaluates complainer with a set of standards - focus on processing treatment - identify and correct errors in service Advantages of quality assurance - protect staff from charges -provides accountability -protect clients from unethical treatment -helps recover reimbursement from insurance companies -

Program monitoring D.U.B.M.P Don't U Bring Mom Please

Program monitoring Does not require elaborate research design - understanding of what happen I the program and to whom Begins by examining basic goals and objectives - monitor data to ensure they are serving people who are meant to be served -Program monitoring essential to sound management

Quality assurance R.E.F.I Read Extra Free Information Advantages - protect staff from charges -provides accountability -protect clients from unethical treatment

Quality assurance -review clinicial records -evaluates complainer with a set of standards - focus on processing treatment - identify and correct errors in service Advantages of quality assurance - protect staff from charges -provides accountability -protect clients from unethical treatment -helps recover

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Recognized in children and adults Sometimes not diagnosed before age 9, but symptoms may be apparent before school age Symptoms include clumsiness, problems with coordination, inability to focus on school work, impulsivity, trouble sitting quietly

Summative assessment (or summative evaluation) ** focus on outcome of program ***Formative focus on develop over time

Refers to the assessment of participants where the focus is on the outcome of a program. This contrasts with formative assessment, which summarizes the participants development at a particular time.

Institutional Discrimination: ****Institutions ***Harmful effect on subordinate groups

Refers to the policies of dominant group institutions, & the behavior of individuals who implement these policies & control these institutions, that are intended to have a differential and/or harmful effect on subordinate groups.

Parens patrae

Refers to the public policy power of the state to intervene against an abusive or negligent parent, guardian or informal caretaker, and to act as the parent of any child or individual who is in need of protection

Cultural gender none

Reflects attitude and behavior that are considered to be appropriate fir people in a particular culture based on their sex

Dorothea Dix

Reform for the mentally ill dorothea dix

Spirituality Oneself Other people Universe

Relates to a person's search for a sense of meaning & morally fulfilling relationships between oneself, other people & the universe

Network

Relationship among the system's various subsystems

Reliability Consistently Dependently Measures with accuracy Be a number between 0 and 1

Reliability - when an instrument or questionnaire consistently and dependently measures some concept or phenomenon with accuracy. Will be a number between 0 & 1.

Freud

Religion and spirituality are nothing more then illustrations or projections of unconscious wishes

Test retest approach

Repeatability or test-retest reliability[1] is the variation in measurements taken by a single person or instrument on the same item, under the same conditions, and in a short period of time.

Validity

Replicate or duplicate what's going on

Characteristics of Good Programs R.U.S.T.C.A.S.E

Require staffing. usually have their own budgets. ●Stable funding is important to the success of most programs ●They have their own identity--they are visible or recognizable by the public ●Conceptual of theoretical foundation ●A service philosophy ●Systematic efforts at empirical evaluation of services ●Evidence based research foundation

Resolving ethicial dilemmas E.C.C.D.C.D Eating Cake Can Definitely Cause Diherea

Resolving Ethical Dilemmas •Examine options. Write down problem. •Conduct literature review on how other evaluators handled similar dilemmas •Consult NASW Code of Ethics •Discuss with respected colleagues, other professionals, your supervisor •Consult nearest IRB •Deliberate and decide

Impulse Control Meds

Riddilan, Adderal.

Schizophrenia * symptoms take place within a month Don't Hate Don't Grow Neither 5 symptoms 1.Delusions 2.Hallucinations 3Disorganized speech 4.Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5.Negative symptoms

Schizophrenia- Two or more of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a month period (or less if successfully treated: 1. Delusions 2.Hallucinations 3.Disorganized speech 4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5.Negative symptoms

Self determination Don't Fead Another Boy And expect Something

Self-determination- advocate for self-determination: 1. develop alternatives 2. foster collaboration 3. affirm client strengths 4. build competency 5. activate resources 6. expand opportunities 7. suggests that clients are free from coercion

PIAGET'S COGNITIVE THEORY

Sensorimotor Stage: (birth to about age 2) ●During this stage, the child learns about her/himself and her environment through motor and reflex actions. Thought derives from sensation and movement. ●Children learn that they can get pleasurable results by performing certain actions ●Child's preoccupation begins to shift from self to the outside world ●Major accomplishment is object permanence: The child learns that she is separate from her environment and that aspects of her environment -- her parents or favorite toys -- continue to exist even though they may be outside the reach of his senses. ●By the end of this stage, a child can retain images of objects and or words for objects in their minds ●Preoperational: 2 years -7 years (begins about the time the child starts to talk) ●Applying his new knowledge of language, the child begins to use symbols to represent objects. Early in this stage he also personifies objects. He is now better able to think about things and events that aren't immediately present. ●Oriented to the present, the child has difficulty conceptualizing time. ●His thinking is influenced by fantasy -- the way he'd like things to be -- and he assumes that others see situations from his viewpoint. Concrete Operations 7 to 11 years (about first grade to early adolescence) ●The child develops an ability to think abstractly and to make rational judgments about concrete or observable phenomena, which in the past he needed to manipulate physically to understand. ●Children become more adept at understanding events/phenomena from the perspective of others ●Children learn to effectively use symbols to represent objects & events in the real world which facilitates their ability to do math & use language Formal Operations Ages 11 to 16 years (adolescence) ●This stage brings cognition to its final form. This person no longer requires concrete objects to make rational judgments. ●Engage in abstract thinking ●Consider multiple aspects of an object or an event at one time ●At this point, he is capable of hypothetical and deductive reasoning. S.P.C.F

Sexual Psychopathic Personalities (SPP) - Person ***utter lack of power to control sexual impulses pose a danger to the public

Sexual Psychopathic Personalities (SPP) - Persons who have an utter lack of power to control their sexual impulses as the result of a mental disorder and therefore pose a danger to the public •

Sexually Dangerous Persons (SDP) - ***engage in harmful sexual conduct In likely to continue

Sexually Dangerous Persons (SDP) - Persons who have a mental disorder who have engaged in and are likely to continue to engage in harmful sexual conduct

Consistency

Should be easy to gather and should be inter Rater aggreememt

Definitions of social welfare policy

Social actions sanctioned by society" ●Social welfare is a subset of social policy, regulating the provision of benefits to help people meet basic needs- i.e. employment, income, housing, food, healthcare ●A subset of public policy concerned with allocating social resources in order to improve individual and community well-being." (Dobelstein,2003)

NASW code of ethics

Social work practice is based on a core set of values ●These values are reflected in the NASW Code of Ethics ●Our code of ethics distinguishes social work as a profession Dealing with ethical dilemmas The Code of ethics does not give us specific directives on how to resolve ethical dilemmas.

GAF SCALE: 20-11- Some Danger to selves Minimum hygiene Largely mute

Some danger to hurting himself or others, or occasional fails to maintain minimal personal hygiene or gross impairment in communication (largely incoherent or mute)

Subjective evaluation

Some jobs cannot be easily measured. Data analysts, attorneys and dolphin trainers each perform a job that is difficult to distill into a few discrete metrics. Therefore, employers will determine categories of measurement--for example, customer service or teamwork or professionalism. Supervisors typically offer a numeric score that represents the employee's perceived performance in that category, but the question of whether a specific rating is "correct" is primarily a matter of interpretation. Strengths and weakness Subjective measures are very good at allowing a supervisor to exercise judgment about an employee's performance in complicated systems. However, if the employer/employee relationship is sour, employees may see a negative rating as either punitive or unfair.

Ageism

Stereotyping and generalizing about people on the basis of their age; commonly a form of discrimination against older people

Adjustment Disorder *****No longer then 6 months Symptoms start within 3 ***** any type of stress can trigger **** symptoms Low mood , crying spells Nervous

Stress reaction to an event (Any type of stress can trigger-not necessarily extreme) Symptoms include low mood, crying spells, complaints of feeling nervous Symptoms must not persist longer than 6 months after the end of a stressor or its consequences Symptoms start within 3 months of the stressor

Structural discrimination Policies Institutions Race , class gender , sexuality

Structural Discrimination: refers to policies of dominant group institutions & the behavior of the individuals who implement these policies & control these institutions, that are race/class/gender/sexuality-neutral in intent but that have a differential and/or harmful effect on subordinate groups. The policy impact is more important than the intent in this kind of discrimination.

Supplementing client satisfaction studies

Support Group Leadership styles- facilitator of empathic understanding and mutual aid

Support Group Leadership styles- a facilitator of empathic understanding and mutual aid

Task Groups vs support groups

Task groups- to produce a product, tangible or intangible. Established as a supportive environment in which to achieve purpose. Support groups - is a treatment group. Primary goals of support groups are to help members cope with stressful life events, and revitalize and enhance members' coping abilities. Exps: children of divorce, people with cancer & their family members, single parents group.

Psychological well-being of single women Vs. Single men

The current research indicates that single women have better psychological outcomes than single men

The MS-DRGs

The Social Security Act created a system of payment for the operating costs associated with Medicare Part A hospital inpatient stays. This system is based on set rates and is referred to as the Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS). As a part of this system, each case is categorized in The MS-DRGs are payment groups designed for Medicare beneficiaries. Patients who have similar clinical characteristics and similar treatment costs are assigned to an MS-DRG. The MS-DRG is linked to a fixed payment amount based on the average treatment cost of patients in the group. Patients can be assigned to an MS-DRG based on their diagnosis, surgical procedures, age, and other information. Hospitals provide this information on their bills, and Medicare uses this information to decide how much the hospitals should be paid.

Social security

The Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program pays benefits to disabled adults and children who have limited income and resources. SSI benefits also are payable to people 65 and older without disabilities who meet the financial limits. People who have worked long enough may also be able to receive Social Security disability or retirement benefits as well as SSI. More...

Hull house and the settlement house movement *****-were primarily set up in immigrant neighborhoods by wealthy people **********goal of getting the rich and poor in society to live more closely together in an interdependent community Ease immigrants in labor forces Teach them middle class american values Taught literature art history Provided social services to reduce poverty Daycare center , homeless public kitchen and bath Did not abolish slavery

The major purpose of settlement houses was to help to assimilate and ease the transition of immigrants into the labor force by teaching them middle-class American values. In Chicago, for instance, Hull-House helped to educate immigrants by providing classes in history, art, and literature. Hull-House also provided social services to reduce the effects of poverty, including a daycare center, homeless shelter, public kitchen, and public baths. Settlement houses like Hull-House were a nexus for political activism, with reformers like Jane Addams becoming involved in advocating social legislation to combat poverty in local, state, and national politics.

The mission of program evaluation Information that can improve social programs Practical endeavor not academic exercise

The mission of program evaluation is to provide information that can be used to improve (social) programs." . Tripodi (1987) Program evaluation is a practical endeavor, not an academic exercise, and is not primarily an attempt to build theory or necessarily to develop social science knowledge

Goals of social work T.L.I.P To Live In Prosper

The purpose of social work is expressed more explicitly through the 4 major goals of the profession: 1.To enhance the social functioning of individuals, families, groups, organizations & communities 2.Link client systems with needed resources 3.Improve the operation of the social service delivery network 4.Promote social justice through development of social policy

●20-35 yrs (Young Adult) ●

The quest for intimacy - the ability to share one's self with another person without being afraid of sacrificing one's own identity. ●Focus on love and work - mate selection and career choice

Theoretical assumptions and programs Depends where based If not successful the theory is flawed

Theoretical assumptions and programs—programs usually have theoretical assumptions upon which they are based. For instance, how a program addressing poverty is designed will depend on the theoretical assumption its based on...do the designers and stakeholders and policy makers have an alleviative or curative approach/theory to poverty. If a program is not successful, the possibility exists that the underlying theory is flawed.

Feminist theories:

Theories that focus on male domination of the major social institutions and present a vision of a just world based on gender equity

Empowerment theorie

Theories that focus on processes by which individuals and collectivities can recognize patterns of inequality and injustice and take action to increase their own power

Empowerment theories:

Theories that focus on processes by which individuals and collectivities can recognize patterns of inequality and injustice and take action to increase their own power

Support groups Similar experiences Stressful life events Leader empathetic Members share traumatizing experiences

These groups allow people with similar experiences cope with stressful life events and revitalize existing coping abilities. Leader is empathic. Members often have shared and stigmatizing experiences

Stratified random sampling Focus on population characteristics Gender age education ethnicity

This a higher level, where not only similarities are important but strata or population characteristics are taken into account. This may go deeper into appropriate stratum (e.g. gender, age, education, socioeconomic status, ethnicity/cultural background, and randomly selecting subjects from each stratum.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder/Acute Some Individuals Are Not attractive Due From Esteem A. Stressor B. Intrusive memories C. Avoidance D. Negative moods E. Alterations in reactivity F. Duration ( combination of b,c,d e) for a month G. functional significance • Significant symptom-related distress or functional impairment (e.g., social, occupational). H: exclusion • Disturbance is not due to medication, substance use, or other illness. Some Individuals Are Not attractive Due From Esteem

Triggered by traumatic or terrifying event o How close to the event o Perception of real threat to life o How strong your reaction o Injuries occurred or not o How long did the trauma last Reliving event Avoiding situations that are similar to the event Thought changes about self and life Hyper arousal Flashbacks Poor concentration Nightmares Severe anxiety Disturbed social relationships Acute (Can occur within one month of a traumatic event) o Lasts at least 2 days and up to one month o Symptoms are similar to PTSD o Not permanent

Types of sampling Don't Tell My Sister Courtney Nothing Positive

Types of sampling • Deviant case sampling • Typical case sampling • Maximum variation sampling • Snowball sampling • Convenience sampling • Negative case sampling • Politically powerful sampling

Types of sampling D.T.M.S.C.N.P

Role Ambiguity

Unclear expectations for successful performance of a given role

Projection

Unconsciously attributing your own unacceptable ideas/urges to others.

Rationalization

Unconsciously using reason to justify unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behavior.

Erikson psychosocial theory

Unlike Freudian theory psychosocial theory places greAter emphasis on social vs sexual influences. Erikson believed that Freud attach too much emphasis on the role of biological and sexual forces the ID on human development

Biopsychosocial Approach

Views human behavior as involving various components of functioning ●Biological ●Psychological ●Social ●Emphasizes micro-level/individual functioning

Systems Theory V.S.D

Views human behavior as the result of active interactions between people and their social systems ●Systems are viewed as always striving to maintain equilibrium with regard to their functioning ●Development is viewed as being influenced by the interaction of various systems at micro, mezzo and macro levels

War on drugs 80- top priority High incarcerated rates 2000 Drug abuse violations 1-8 more then any offense War on drugs as moral panic

War on Drugs of the 1980s • 1980s: control of drug abuse as top priority • Yet funding for prevention & treatment lagged far behind allocations for incarceration • 2000: drug abuse violations accounted for 1-in-8 arrests, more than any other offense • Jerome Miller's Search & Destroy • War on drugs as moral panic, phantom threat

Addington vs Texas

Was committed base on a history of mental illness Raise the burden of proof from preponderance of evidence to clear and convincing evidence

Bulimia Nervosa

Weight is typically normal for height; ways to maintain is unhealthy A) Recurrent episodes of binge eating 1) Eating a large amount of food in a short period of time (more than the normal individual) 2) Sense of lack of control over eating during the episode B) Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors in order to prevent weight gain (vomiting, laxatives, etc) C) Binge eating & inappropriate compensatory behaviors occur on average once a week for three months D) Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape & weight E) Disturbance does not occur exclusively during episodes of anorexia nervosa * Young, female, adolescent * Hide condition/symptoms * Less than normal affirmation from parents; low self-esteem * Specify if in partial or full remission * Specify mild 1-3/week, moderate 4-7/week, severe 8-13/week, extreme 14+/week

Mood, personality , eating disorders

What are the top 3 most common categories of mental disorders ?

Group therapy

With group, members' relationships often end when group is completed

Anxiety Meds

Xanax, Ativan, Valium

Privatization Option of investing there wages into investments if there own

________ refers to a deduction system whereby workers have the option of investing part or all of their wages currently deducted for Social Security into investments of their own choosing.

Syndrome

a cluster of signs and symptoms that occur together and are characteristic for a specific disorder, p.4" •Include a cluster of symptoms that represent the model for a particular disorder

Flight of ideas Continuous flow of rapid speech Commonly seen in maniac episodes

a nearly continuous flow of rapid speech that jumps from topic to topic, usually based on discernible associations, distractions, or plays on words, but in severe cases so rapid as to be disorganized and incoherent. It is most commonly seen in manic episodes but may also occur in other mental disorders such as in manic phases of schizophrenia.

Welfare state Government provides money Free medical care Eel old, unemployed

a system in which the government provides money, free medical care etc for people who are unemployed, ill, or too old to work → social security

Cultural pluralism Values accepted by larger group Maintain unique cultural identities

a term used when smaller groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities, and their values and practices are accepted by the wider culture provided they are consistent with the laws and values of the wider society

GAF SCALE:90/81 Absent or minimal symptoms

absent or minimal symptoms, ( mild anxiety for exam) good functioning in all areas, involved in a lot of activities, generally satisfied with life, occasional arguments with family , no more than everyday life

curative approach to poverty

aims to end chronic and persistent poverty through changes in their personal lives and their environment

●Objectives M.S.L.D Make Something Like Dab Measure progress -Single aim to end product -Leave little doubt when properly developed - date and if objective was a achieve can be expected

allow us to measure progress being made toward the achievement of a goal. should have a single aim and an end product or result that is easily verifiable. ●When properly developed, they leave little doubt about what will be done, the date when its accomplishment can be expected, as well as a clear measure of whether the objective was achieved.

Curative approach Anti poverty Lack of jobs Education

antipoverty method emphasizing programs that attack causes of poverty such as lack of education and job skills

one of the four mood disorder syndromes is

anxious mood

Crude birth rate Take total number of deaths then divide it by a number Does nit account age in sex differences

are determined by taking the total number of births or deaths in a population and dividing both values by a number to obtain the rate per 10000. The Crude Birth Rate is called "crude" because it does not take into account age or sex differences among the population. In our hypothetical country, the rate is 15 births for every 1000 people but the likelihood is that around 500 of those 1000 people are men and of the 500 who are women, only a certain percentage are capable of giving birth in a given year.

Formative evaluations

are employed to adjust and enhance interventions. They are not used to prove whether a program is worth the funding it receives but serves more to guide and direct programs—particularly new programs. In other words, formative evaluation is used to "form" the program. For this reason, formative evaluations are not as threatening and are often better received by agency staff than other forms of evaluation.

Systematic errors ** consistent errors Flaw in equipment Easier to Correct Occurs when measuring instrument has a zero Examples • Offset or zero setting error in which the instrument does not read zero when the quantity to be measured is zero. • Multiplier or scale factor error in which the instrument consistently reads changes in the quantity to be measured greater or less than the actual changes. Reads greater or less than actual changes

are errors associated with a flaw in the equipment or in the design of the experiment. Systematic ... systematic errors are easier to correct. There are many types of systematic errors and a researcher needs to be aware of these in order to offset their influence. Systematic error in physical sciences commonly occurs with the measuring instrument having a zero error. A zero error is when the initial value shown by the measuring instrument is a non-zero value when it should be zero.

Task groups Produce a product **** educational planning meeting **** been elected to student goverment

are groups of individuals brought together to accomplish a specific action or produce a product (eg., educational planning meeting, been a member of a committee, attended a treatment team meeting, been elected to student government).

Input

are the resources poured into a program. They are the financial, organizational, or human resources invested and include staff, facilities, and budgets.

Ratio Order Absolute zero Value between units

are the ultimate nirvana when it comes to measurement scales because they tell us about the order, they tell us the exact value between units, AND they also have an absolute zero-which allows for a wide range of both descriptive and inferential statistics to be applied

Defense mechanisms

are unconscious means used by the ego to defend itself against demands made by the id, and the unrealistic expectations of the superego.

Group Rules- - Attend Confidentiality Complete assignments Respect Express feelings **Give participants 2 weeks before terminating service

attend each group session, on time or call in advance to notify leader of absence. Confidentiality in regards to other group member's information. Complete all assignments agreed to in the group between group sessions. Respect/Speak in turn so that everyone gets a chance to talk, be open and honest when expressing feelings and thoughts. Support other group members in response to their comments. Give the group two weeks' notice before terminating participation.

Oedipus complex Competes with father For mothers love

boy competes with father for mother's love, suffers castration anxiety.

Descriptive research

can help you to understand characteristics of persons who you might be working with

Mental disorders

characterized by abnormalities in cognition, emotion or mood, or the highest integrative aspects of behavior"

Tanf Welfare Poor families children under 18 For people who do not have enough Income to support self

commonly known as welfare, is the monthly cash assistance program for poor families with children under age 18. TANF benefits are made for children and their needy caretaker relatives who do not have enough income or resources to meet their everyday needs by state program standards.

Sexism

discrimination against people because of their gender

Classism

discrimination against people who have little or no money

Program description D.R Do Right

document operations of program -rely heavily on data captured by agency's - •Ways to collect information -Face-to-face and telephone interviews, surveys, key informant interviews, focus groups, organization record analysis, program documentation analysis, observations, case studies

Electra complex Sexually in live father Suffers penis envy

girl falls sexually in love with father, suffers penis envy (boys have something she lacks).

GAF SCALE: 100/91

great function, life events never seem to get in the way. Positive qualities. NO SYMPTOMS.

Direct racial discrimination

happens when someone is treated less fairly than someone else in a similar situation, because of their race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin. For example, if a school will not hire a staff member just because of his or her race or ethnicity.

Axis 4

includes a list of problems documents a person's highest level of functioning over a 12 month period of time

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

is a committee established to review and approve research involving human subjects. The purpose of the IRB is to ensure that all human subject research be conducted in accordance with all federal, institutional, and ethical guidelines.

Civil Commitment

is a legal process through which an individual with symptoms of severe mental illness is court-ordered into treatment in a psychiatric hospital (inpatient) or in the community (outpatient).

Snowball sampling

is a non-probability sampling technique that is used by researchers to identify potential subjects in studies where subjects are hard to locate.

Sociogram Visual depiction (*****Relationship between specific group ) Uncover relationships between people Increase understanding in group behavior

is a visual depiction of the relationships between a specific group. The purpose is to uncover the underlying relationships between people. It can be used to increase your understanding of group behaviors.

INTIMATE TERRORISM

is the use of physical abuse plus a broad range of tactics designed to get and keep control over the other person in the relationship.

Social stratification Rankings Social status Income Occupation Powers Upper class Middle class Lower class

is any given society's categorization of its people into rankings of socioeconomic tiers based on factors like wealth, income, social status, occupation, and power. the relative social position of persons in a given social group, category, geographical region or other social unit. In modern Western societies, stratification is often broadly divided into three main divisions of social class: upper class, middle class, and lower class

Continuous variable Any value is possible Example • Suppose the fire department mandates that all fire fighters must weigh between 150 and 250 pounds. The weight of a fire fighter would be an example of a continuous variable; since a fire fighter's weight could take on any value between 150 and 250 pounds.

is one for which, within the limits the variable ranges, any value is possible. For example, the variable "Time to solve an anagram problem" is continuous since it could take 2 minutes, 2.13 minutes etc. to finish a problem. The variable "Number of correct answers on a 100 point multiple-choice test" is not a continuous variable since it is not possible to get 54.12 problems correct. A variable that is not continuous is called "discrete".

Convince sample

is one of the main types of non-probability sampling methods. A convenience sample is made up of people who are easy to reach. Consider the following example. A pollster interviews shoppers at a local mall. If the mall was chosen because it was a convenient site from which to solicit survey participants and/or because it was close to the pollster's home or business, this would be a convenience sample.

Discrete variable Limits of the variables Examples • Race • Sex • Number of days absent from work • Number of people in household • Number of times incarcerated • Suppose we flip a coin and count the number of heads. The number of heads could be any integer value between 0 and plus infinity. However, it could not be any number between 0 and plus infinity. We could not, for example, get 2.5 heads. Therefore, the number of heads must be a discrete variable.

is one that cannot take on all values within the limits of the variable. For example, responses to a five-point rating scale can only take on the values 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The variable cannot have the value 1.7.

Entitlements

is services, goods, or money due to an individual by virtue of a specific status/statue. Also, it is a legal obligation of the government to provide payments or benefits to one who meets certain criteria.

Fiscal Welfare

is the distribution -- or more specifically the redistribution -- of finances throughout an economy by means of taxes, subsidies and benefits. Although the term welfare may encompass other concepts such as social welfare and occupations welfare, people tend to primarily identify the term with fiscal welfare

Descriptive research

is used to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred. There are three ways a researcher can go about doing this research project, and they are: Observational, defined as a method of viewing and recording the participants Case study, defined as an in-depth study of an individual or group of individuals Survey, defined as a brief interview or discussion with an individual about a specific topic

Laissez-faire leadership Laid back style Group make their own decision Leads to lowest productivity amongst members

known as delegative leadership, is a type of leadership style in which leaders are hands-off and allow group members to make the decisions. Researchers have found that this is generally the leadership style that leads to the lowest productivity among group members.

Correlation

mutual relation of two or more things, parts, etc.:

Ordinal scale

not only divides observations in categories but also provides information on the order of those categories

Countertransference

represents an unconscious and usually distorted emotional reaction by the therapist to a patient or family member in treatment

indirect racism

occurs when institutions such as governments, legal, medical and education systems and businesses, discriminate against certain groups of people based on race, color, ethnicity or national origin. Often unintentional, such racism occurs when the apparently non-discriminatory actions of the dominant culture have the effect of excluding or marginalizing minority cultures

Social Welfare Policy

often associated with legislatively mandated programs of the government sector ●Benefits offered through government include cash and non cash (in-kind) programs

Rhetts

only girls, developmental deficiets (head growth, loss in hand skills etc...) psychomotor retardation, disruption in expressive and receptive language

Social Welfare

organized public or private social services for the assistance of disadvantaged groups; specifically :social work

Welfare State Goals

people maintain their economic security when various social contingencies such as unemployment, divorce or old-age make normal self-support impossible ●It buffers people from a large drop in their standard of living when their income is interrupted ●The pillar of welfare state programs are the social insurance policies that prevent economic insecurity by offsetting income loss

GAF SCALE: 10-1 Persistent Danger of severely hurting themselves

persistent danger of severely hurting self or others (recurrent violence) or persistent inability to maintain minimal personal hygiene or suicidal act with clear expectation of death

Summative evaluation Methods Point Out Stress Through Intelligent Questions

project , observation, surveys, testing, interviews, questionnaires

The "mission" of program evaluation- *provides information that can be used to improve social programs

provides information that can be used to improve social programs

National association of mental health Non profit organization Membership nation wide Provides support and technical assistance

provides support, policy development, knowledge products, and technical assistance to the nation's State-based mental health planning and advisory councils. NAMHPAC is a non-profit organization whose membership is nation-wide and includes members from each State and Territory mental health planning council.

GAF SCALE: 50-41 Serious impairment School, social or occupational

serious symptoms, suicide ideation OR serious impairment in school social or occupational

GAF SCALE 40-31 Some impairment Speech illogical Impairment friend school , work

some impairment in reality testing or communication (speech is sometime illogical) or major impairment with more than one friends, school, work, judgment, thinking, etc.

Housing act of 1937 Paid from government to housing agencies Improve living conditions for low income families

sometimes called the Wagner-Steagall Act, provided for subsidies to be paid from the U.S. government to local public housing agencies (LHAs) to improve living conditions for low-income families

Maslow

stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs. When one need is fulfilled a person seeks to fulfill the next one, and so o

GAF SCALE:80-71- Symptoms no more then what should be expected Slight impairment , temporality behind school,

symptoms are present no more then what should be expected--- had to concentrate after a family argument. No more than slight impairment of social occupation or school functioning. (Temporarily behind in school work)

Wyatt v Stickney Alabama case Lack 3 fundamental areas Humane place for treatment services ( physically and psychologically ) Individual treatment plans Qualified staff to provide treatment.

the Wyatt v Stickney (an Alabama class suit) case, the court found that the treatment was deficient in in three fundamental areas, and did not provide for: 1) a humane psychological and physical environment for treatment services 2) have qualified staff in numbers to provide adequate treatment 3) and lacked individualized treatment plans

Deinstitutionalization of mentally ill Reduce population size bringing them into the community Reforming mental health hospitals insitutional process Eliminate dependency , learned helpless , hopelessness and maladaptive behaivors

the process of replacing long-stay psychiatric hospitals with less isolated community mental health services for those diagnosed with a mental disorder or developmental disability. Deworks in two ways: the first focuses on reducing the population size of mental institutions by releasing patients, shortening stays, and reducing both admissions and readmission rates; the second focuses on reforming mental hospitals' institutional processes so as to reduce or eliminate reinforcement of dependency, hopelessness, learned helplessness, and other maladaptive behaviours.[1]

Concept of privilege

the sociological concept that some groups of people have advantages relative to other groups

The family hierarchy is important to

to Structural Family Therapists (associate structure with hierarchy)

major approach in Behavioral Couples Therapy i

to support the couple in improving their communication skills

Objective evaluation

typically defies interpretation: Either an employee was late five times or she wasn't, or he met his widgets-per-hour target or he didn't. For that reason, some employers use purely objective measures for employees who have repetitive or entry-level jobs--performance is a function of doing (or not doing) some specific action, or in meeting per-product or per-service productivity totals. ( strengths and weakness Objective measures work best in situations where each employee can be assessed directly and each employee's performance can be meaningfully compared to another employee. For example, it is inappropriate to give part-time and full-time employees the same total-parts-per-month score. However, objective measures fail when supervisors distill complex processes into a single score that may not have much meaning in the real world. For example, attorneys should not be measured on the quantity of legal briefs they file each month.

Nominal scales No quantitative value Labels

used for labeling variables, without any quantitative value. "Nominal" scales could simply be called "labels." Here are some examples, below. Notice that all of these scales are mutually exclusive (no overlap) and none of them have any numerical significance. A good way to remember all of this is that "nominal" sounds a lot like "name" and nominal scales are kind of like "names" or labels.

Brown vs board I

was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation, insofar as it applied to public education

Hull house

was a settlement house in the United States that was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr. Located in the Near West Side of Chicago, Illinois, Hull House (named for the home's first owner) opened its doors to recently arrived European immigrants.

External validity Outside People setting conditions

when findings can be generalized to other people, settings, and conditions

Identify the key sections of a research report Every Individual Likes My Red Dye

Identify the key sections of a research report • Executive Summary • Introduction • Literature Review • Methodology • Results (Findings) • Discussion

Supplementing client satisfaction studies

—Surveys can be supplemented with focus groups.

14. Disorders first diagnosed in childhood A.C.A.A.I

• Autism spectrum disorder • Conduct Disorder • ADHD • Antisocial Personality Disorder • Intellectual Disability

Chemically Dependent persons (CD) - Persons that are chemically dependent, ****unable to manage personal affairs, ****pose a danger to themselves or others;

• Chemically Dependent persons (CD) - Persons that are chemically dependent, unable to manage personal affairs, and as a result, pose a danger to themselves or others;

Client advocacy

• Client Advocacy (individual)

8. Link between Conduct Disorder & Anti-Social Personality Disorder?

• Conduct Disorder- repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in children and adolescents • Antisocial Personality Disorder- type of chronic mental condition in which a person's way of thinking, perceiving situations, and relating to others are dysfunctional

8. Link between Conduct Disorder & Anti-Social Personality Disorder? Conduct disorder Repetitive behavior I children and adolescents Antisocial personality disorder Way of thinking perceiving and relating are dysfunctional

Distinguish between sociologically based theories versus psychologically based theories

• Different focus of analysis, leading to different forms of research and thus different analysis of issues and problems. Sociological addresses the relationship between personal troubles, social issues, and the historical and cultural factors that affect the intersection of the individual and society. Psychological focuses on the individual, their personal history, and psyche.

Involuntary commitment Court ordered into Treatment Vs voluntary commitment *Free to leave * go against medical advice * must leave through a period of notice

• Involuntary Commitment -Involuntary commitment or civil commitment is a legal process through which an individual with symptoms of severe mental illness is court-ordered into treatment in a hospital (inpatient) or in the community (outpatient). • Voluntary Commitment- is the act or practice of a person being admitted to a psychiatric hospital, or other mental health facility, voluntarily. Unlike in involuntary commitment, the person is free to leave the hospital against medical advice, though a period of notice, or the requirement that the leaving take place during daylight hours, is sometimes required.

Mentally Ill persons (MI) - *** mentally ill, pose danger to self and others

• Mentally Ill persons (MI) - Persons that are mentally ill and as a result, pose a danger to themselves or others; •

The six types of civil commitment proceedings are :

• Mentally Ill persons (MI) - Persons that are mentally ill and as a result, pose a danger to themselves or others; • Mentally Retarded persons (MR) - Persons that are mentally retarded (developmentally disabled) and as a result, pose a danger to themselves or others; • Chemically Dependent persons (CD) - Persons that are chemically dependent, unable to manage personal affairs, and as a result, pose a danger to themselves or others; • Persons Mentally Ill and Dangerous to the Public (MI&D) - Persons that are mentally ill and as a result, have caused or intended to cause serious physical harm to another and are likely to take such action in the future; • Sexual Psychopathic Personalities (SPP) - Persons who have an utter lack of power to control their sexual impulses as the result of a mental disorder and therefore pose a danger to the public; • Sexually Dangerous Persons (SDP) - Persons who have a mental disorder who have engaged in and are likely to continue to engage in harmful sexual conduct.

Superego *** angel Yield guilt when disobeyed ( without it people would only think of self .

• Super Ego- Develops between ages 3-5 - one's conscience. An internalized sense of morality learned from one's parents. Yields guilt when disobeyed. Without superego, a person would be entirely egocentric (thinking only of one's self) (awareness of morals, norms, rules) (angel)

13. Global Assessment of Function (GAF) Scale Used to report judgment Assigning number 1-100 Based on adult roles Planing and evaluating treatment Predicting treatment outcome

• Used to report the "clinician's judgment of the individual's overall level of functioning" (p. 32) for planning and evaluating treatment, predicting treatment outcome and obtaining a baseline of functioning • In most instances GAF is assessed for "current" period but can assess" highest in last year" or "at discharge" • Use of GAF requires assigning a single number (1-100) to a client's functioning based on client's symptom severity and/or level of functioning (see p. 33 in DSM for guidelines—note 0 means "inadequate information" exists for assessment) • Also, the GAF in DSM-IV-TR is based on adult roles)

Examples of ordinal

• strongly agree • Agree • Disagree • Strongly agree

Crazy time Examine needs and election of family nerds Be honest about problems don't deny them Reduce power struggles and competition Consider custody shifts If in child best interest Recognize crisis as a need for change Recognize which issuers are not specifically blended family issues

•3. Crazy Time •Examine needs and expectations of family members to see which aren't •being met •Restructure and clarify boundaries between the two families •Be honest about problems that exist, don't deny them •Reduce power struggles and competition •Consider custody shifts if they seem in the child's best interest •Recognize crisis as a need for change. •Confront it and stick through it •Recognize which issues are not specifically blended family issues (abuse,

Behavioral couple therapy Communication skills

•A major approach is to support the couple in improving their communication skills Behavioral couples therapy

Separation individuation Infant Pull away from mother

•A process where an infant begins to pull away from the symbiotic bond with the mother and develop autonomous functioning Separation individuation

The Mental Status Exam

•A way of systematically evaluating a patient's level of psychosocial functioning, intellectual and emotional functioning. Patients are observed on several different levels that include thought content, perceptive and cognitive functions and need and motivation for treatment (Barker, 2003)

Commitment C.B.T.L Can't Be To Long Commitment means a choice to succeed Be aware of tradition and rituals Take responsibility of choices Let go of blended family games

•Accept that commitment mean •s a choice to succeed •Recognize that the blended family has begun to feel solid and reliable •Be aware of traditions and rituals that have become ingrained •Take full responsibility for choices •Let go of blended family games

Stages of group development * group members are aware of purpose and goals * made aware when the group will end

•Beginning - the group is getting familiar with the leader as well as one another •Honeymoon period - the group is not often going to begin opening up significantly •The group leader is responsible for beginning to facilitate a sense of group cohesion •Group members are aware of the purpose and goal of the group •Group members are made aware of when the group will end

Milan associates Questions Family differences

•Circular questioning associated with Milan Associates •It is an interviewing technique where questions are asked to highlight family differences

Closed group

Usually first diagnosed in Infancy, childhood, or adolescence

•Coprolalia the involuntary utterance of socially unacceptable or obscene words •Dyslexia a disorder of reading characterized by difficulty learning to read despite routine instruction, normal intelligence, and adequate opportunity to read •Echolalia a repetition of a recently heard sound or phrase. Often the patient repeats the last words spoken by the interviewer •Hyperactivity excessive motor activity that is seen in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

MOOD DISORDERS

•Core concept "the development of an abnormal mood characterized by depression, mania, or both symptoms in alternating fashion". (p. 173) •Patient may or may not be impaired socially or by occupation by an abnormal mood

Developmental stages of blended families and the fantasy stage F.C.C.S.C Fantasy Confusion Crazy time Stability Commitment Fantasy W.M.P.H.L Why Money Personally Helps Living Where to live Money and discipline issues Plan a marriage ceremony that includes children in a meaningful way Help kids let go of fanasty of parents reuniting Learn information about blended family

•Decide where to live •Discuss money and discipline issues •Plan a marriage ceremony that includes children in a meaningful way •Begin to recognize and resolve leftover grief •Help children deal with fears and let go of fantasies about parents reuniting •Learn as much realistic and practical information about blended family living •Agree about whether to have an "ours" baby •Complete as many tasks as •possible in this stage during courtship

Disengagement Salvador Munich Psychological isolation Rigid boundaries Individuals and subsystems

•Disengagement represents psychological isolation resulting from overly rigid boundaries around individuals and subsystems in a family

MOOD DISORDERS

•Distinguished by ◦intensity of abnormal mood ◦The impairment it produces, and ◦The accompanying behavioral, cognitive or physical symptoms

Ego Driven by reality Develops after birth Exercises reason and sanity

•Driven by reality, begins developing shortly after birth. The conscious, rational aspect of personality which mediates between the demands of the id and the behavioral expectations of the world. The ego exercises reason and sanity, evaluates consequences, and determines a course of action.

The Mental Status Exam CMATSB

•During the interview the clinician is systematically assessing and observing: •Client's appearance •Mood •Affect •Thought content and processes •Sensory perceptions and •Behaviors during the interview

Formative Evaluation To enhance intervention Guide and direct programs Concerned with the process Focus on requiring useful infuriation Does not rely on methodology

•Employed to adjust and enhance interventions •Not used to prove whether program worth funding it receives •Purpose is to guide and direct programs (particularly new ones) •Formative evaluations "form" programs •More concerned with process than destination •Does not rely on specific methodology •Focus on acquiring useful information •No single recipe

Support group leadership * help members share collective experience during stressful event Members share experience support leader emphatically respond to them. * major role to facilitate Hope, motivate members to improve coping skills

•Facilitative approach •Emphasis on helping members share collective experiences in coping with a stressful event •Leaders help members to share their experiences and empathically respond to each other •Major role: to facilitate hope for the future, motivate members to improve coping skills through self help and mutual aid

Family hierarchy Salvador Munich ***Important to Structural family therapist Hierarchy

•Family hierarchy is important to structural family therapists •Structure is associated with hierarchy

Individual v family therapy

•Family therapy •Focus on relationships among family members •From a systems approach the family consists of a system with subsystems that influence the family identity •The therapist's relationship is with the family as a whole while also attending to the needs of individual members

Group v family therapy

•Group and family - both address collective issues while still attending to individual members •Both have rules •The aim of both is to work towards cohesion •Members have roles they are assigned, consciously or unconsciously

Single system research design ***** employed to focus on outcomes of the study client satisficquation *******Employed for most program evaluation purposes ******May be used to evaluate individuals, group work, or communities (micro, mezzo or macro) - used for over 3 decades -contain both quanatative and qualatative aspects Evaluates on micro mezzo or macro level

•Have been used for over three decades in social work •May be employed for most program evaluation purposes presented in this book •May be used to evaluate individuals, group work, or communities (micro, mezzo or macro) •Contain both quantitative and qualitative aspects •Quantitative - involves use of outcome measures with documented reliability and validity; can also use simple dichotomous measures •Qualitative in presentation of SSRD data as simple line graphs; no inferential statistics

Stages of group development

•Having the group Assess the work it has done •Evaluating -questionnaire or verbal how well the group went and whether or not it has reached its goal •If it didn't reach its goal looking at why it did not and ways it was still successful •Not a time to open new business •Anticipate some members will stop going before termination

Group rules

•How the group is expected to conduct itself •Expectations for group behavior •Consequences in place

SIGMOND FREUD'S Three Part Construction of Personality

•Id - Home of primitive animalistic energy and subconscious drives such as huger, elimination, and sex. Satisfaction of drives yields pleasure. •Ego - Driven by reality, begins developing shortly after birth. The conscious, rational aspect of personality which mediates between the demands of the id and the behavioral expectations of the world. The ego exercises reason and sanity, evaluates consequences, and determines a course of action. •Superego - Develops between ages 3-5 - one's conscience. An internalized sense of morality learned from one's parents. Yields guilt when disobeyed. Without superego, a person would be entirely egocentric (thinking only of one's self)

Axis I Disorders

•Includes all Mental Disorders except Personality Disorders & Mental Retardation •Are Often Treatable via Psychopharmacology and/or Counseling •Are Conditions that Can Involve Remission •Common Axis I Disorders: Disorders Often Diagnosed in Childhood such as ADHD and ODD; Mood Disorders such as Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder; Anxiety Disorders such as PTSD; Psychotic Disorders such as Schizophrenia; Substance Abuse and Dependence Disorders; Eating Disorders

Individual v family therapy

•Individual •Focus of therapy •Primary relationship is between client and therapist •Family issues may enter into the reason the individual came into therapy but the family is not an active part of therapy

Civil commitment

•Involuntary commitment or civil commitment is a legal process through which an individual with symptoms of severe mental illness is court-ordered into treatment in a psychiatric hospital (inpatient) or in the community (outpatient).

Axis IV: Psychosocial & Environmental Problems

•List problems that "may affect the diagnosis, treatment & prognosis of mental disorders, (p. 231)." •Categories include: problems with primary support group, problems related to •social environment, •educational problems, •occupational problems, • housing problems,

MOOD DISORDERS

•MANIA •Elevated, expansive or irritable mood that is persistent •HYPOMANIA •Less severe than mania

Stages of group development

•Middle stage •The working stage •Transition from group members getting to know one another to working on trusting other group members enough to address issues

Multigenerational Transmission Future generations Murray brown Most involved. Least different

•Multigenerational transmission process experience •The child is the least differentiated who is most involved in the family •Passes on problems to future generations

Salvador Munich Creator of structural theory Structure -organized Into subsystems interactions regulated By interpersonal boundaries - subsystems relationship within families often couples and siblings Boundaries - limits , family function

•One of the creators of structural theory •Constructs include: ◦Structure - the way a family is organized into subsystems whose interactions are regulated by interpersonal boundaries ◦Subsystems-relationships within families, often sibling and couples groupings ◦Boundaries- the limits within which a family functions Salvador Minuchin

Open group

•Open - membership is constantly changing •Group rules are in place •Often beginning, middle or end is occurring for group members simultaneously •Not a predetermined number of sessions •Example of an environment for open groups: •A hospital setting where group membership is always changing •Important to have a fixed structure in place

Open v Closed groups

Oral stage Center of feeding Stimulation of mouth lips

•Oral stage - birth to 18 months. Child's activity centers on feeding, stimulation of the mouth lips and tongue. Newborn has no sense of self or others but process of feeding establishes the child's first social bond.

AXIS II: Personality Disorders & Mental Retardation

•Personality Disorders (ten types) involve a pattern of behavior and inner experience that is pervasive and inflexible, started in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time and causes distress or impairment; they are often difficult to treat •Mental Retardation involves both subaverage intelligence and psychosocial impairment •Both types of Axis II Disorders are generally stable over the course of a person's life

Phallic stage Aware or his genitials

•Phallic stage - 3 to 6 years. Child becomes aware of his/her genitals.

•Phallic 3-6 *******Resolved by reaction formation: development of socially acceptable behavior or attitudes that are the opposite of one's unconscious, repressed impulses.

•Phallic stage - 3 to 6 years. Child becomes aware of his/her genitals. -Oedipus complex - boy competes with father for mother's love, suffers castration anxiety. -Electra complex - girl falls sexually in love with father, suffers penis envy (boys have something she lacks). Resolved by reaction formation: development of socially acceptable behavior or attitudes that are the opposite of one's unconscious, repressed impulses.

NATIONAL PLAN FOR NATIVE AMERICAN MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES Extreme diversity in Native American population. Treatment opportunities Indian health care improvement act 1976 Manage their own health and mental health service Supports mental health services , staff training , community , education and research

•Provided by the Indian Health Service-a component of US Public Health •Extreme diversity in Native American population •Treatment opportunities were under utilized •Indian Health Care Improvement Act of 1976 provided avenues for Native American tribes to manage their own health and mental health services •The Act supports the development of mental health services, staff training, community education and research.

Major depressive disorder 296

•SIGECAPSS: •Sadness •Interest (loss of or anhedonia) •Guilt or feelings of worthlessness •Energy loss or fatigue •Concentration/ memory •Appetite loss •Psychomotor agitation or retardation •Sleep problems •Suicidality

DSM

•So....DSM diagnoses are "Social Constructions," i.e. labels that professionals have agreed upon as a shorthand for certain patterns of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings of human beings Therefore, each disorder has a description & set of specific criteria. Diagnostic criteria are the specific symptoms (concrete & observable) that must be present to "name" a disorder.

Needs assessment Decides which program will be compared * determines if program needs further funding Determine information needed and what you already have Determine what is not available in the service. Array

•The measure against which program implementation and outcome will be compared. "A needs assessment should be conducted to ensure that scarce resources are being utilized in the best way, as well as to determine further funding." (Royse, et al.)

Enmeshed mother

•The primary structural problem in most single parent families is an enmeshed mother Enmeshed mother

Parens patriae Public policy for government or state to intervene Abusive or neligent parent Children need protection

•There are two main legal principles that underly the state's interest in the process of civil commitment. The first of these is parens patriae--it is a Latin term that means "parent of the country." It refers to a doctrine from English common law that assigns to the government a responsibility to intervene on behalf of citizens who cannot act in their own best interest

Axis III: General Medical Conditions

•Used "for reporting general medications potentially relevant to the understanding or management of the individual's mental disorder (DSM-IV-TR, p. 29)" •For social workers, when listing on Axis III, report medical condition "per client self-report" or "as evidenced by report of physician Dr. __ ."

Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning

•Used to report the "clinician's judgment of the individual's overall level of functioning" (p. 32) for planning and evaluating treatment, predicting treatment outcome and obtaining a baseline of functioning •In most instances GAF is assessed for "current" period but can assess" highest in last year" or "at discharge" •Use of GAF requires assigning a single number (1-100) to a client's functioning based on client's symptom severity and/or level of functioning (see p. 33 in DSM for guidelines—note 0 means "inadequate information" exists for assessment) •Also, the GAF in DSM-IV-TR is based on adult roles)

Group v family therapy

•With family therapy all members are related to one another •With group, members' relationships often end when group is completed

Stability B.C.S.C ****We ours Bring Commas Share Commas Become aware of merge roles - connect with family members in meaningful Way - share memories build traditions and goal - continue to plan family activities

•build a sense of family •- •"we" "ours" •Become aware of the roles that have finally emerged •Connect with family members in a meaningful way •Share memories; build traditions and goals •Continue to plan family activities and enrich the couple relationship

Cluster sampling

•entails selecting units (clusters) of individuals and ten randomly selecting individuals from those units. Cluster sampling is useful when it is not possible to identify or obtain access to the entire population of interest.

•2. Confusion Rich Life Says A lot Establish Creative adventures Resolve decisions you failed to negotiate during courtship Let go blended family can make up for the past Say final goodbyes Avoid taking stepchildren behavior personal Establish step parent role Create shared discipline Accept children live between homes

••2. Confusion •Begin to resolve decisions that you failed to negotiate during courtship •Let go of the notion that your blended family can make up for the past •Say final goodbyes so new beginnings can happen •Avoid taking all stepchildren's misbehavior personally •Decide how to relate constructively to ex-spouse •Define and begin establishing step parents role •Work to create a system of shared discipline •Learn to share children and accept that they live between two •homes

Middle stage task F.E.E.E.S.F.H

▪ Facilitate ▪ Exploration of individual goals ▪ Exploration of group goals ▪ Exploration of intimacy and closeness ▪ Self-disclosure ▪ Focus on providing structure ▪ Help group resolve issues outside group

End middle task H.H.S.T

▪ Help members pursuit of independence ▪ Help members look outward ▪ Separation ▪ Termination

Due process RL.RH.A.R.P.T * all states have Durham policies for protecting clients right for civil commitment

▪Due Process -Rights extended to persons in civil commitment ▪All states have formal policies for protection of patient/client rights in commitment procedures ▪Customary procedures of due process include: -Right to a lawyer -Right to a hearing -To adequate notice -Right to a hearing with reasonable ruled of evidence -Privilege against self-incrimination -Trial by jury

Due Process and Rights III -Qualifications to the right to refuse treatment include: W.W.W Win Win Win Where there clear cut emergency limit to more then 72 hours Where patient is dangerous in hospital settings Where patient needs care in have no capacity to provide it for themselves

▪Right to Refuse Treatment- See Rennie v Klein ▪It is not an absolute right—it is conditional (qualified) ▪" Where there is a clear-cut emergency, limited to no more the 72 hour" ▪"Where the patient is dangerous within the hospital setting" ▪"Where the patient needs care and has either no capacity or only limited capacity to provide it for himself."

Why is it necessary to evaluate establish service

●Because there are always alternative, and sometimes better, ways to solve problems. ●Evaluation studies have a very important bearing on decisions about therapeutic services for clients.

Phase I: Intake & Engagement B.I.D

●Begin the relationship ●Identify & define client's concern or problem ●Determine eligibility for service

Beginning and Transition Stage

● is generally characterized by a certain degree of anxiety, fear and insecurity about the structure of the group. Issues of trust are paramount. ● Common fears include: appearing foolish, being judged, rejection, and losing control. ●Common questions include: ●Who are these people? ●Is this the right place for me? ●How am I supposed to act? ●How much am I really willing to share?●During the beginning stage, it's your job to begin to teach members of the group how to be members ●You set the stage, explain what is expected, what your role is, and help them to define their roles and rules of participation ●Before group members can interact at the depths they are capable of, the group generally goes through a somewhat challenging transition related to power and control.

●Identity VS Role Confusion ***Physical changes ,****finds own identity , ****Draw away from family *** personal identity foundation for intimacy

●12-18 years (Adolescence) ●Massive physical changes (puberty) ●Drawing away from family to find own identity ●Group identity (peers) develops ●Danger of role confusion & doubts about sexual and vocational identity ●Sense of personal identity is an essential foundation for intimacy

●INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY Comparison , busy building , productive master skills . Comparison with peers Danger of inferiority

●6 to 11 years (School age) ●Child is busy building, creating, accomplishing ●Need to be productive & succeed in activities/master skills ●Danger of sense of inadequacy and inferiority if child despairs of her/his skills and status among peers ●Much comparison with peers

●Treatment Group

●A group whose major purpose is to meet members' socioemotional needs ●Purposes for forming the group may include meeting members' needs for support, education, therapy, growth & socialization

Racism Oppression Structurally supported

●A system of oppression (the exercise ofauthority or power in a burdensome, cruel, or unjust manner) based on race ●Involves the power of one group to oppress another group ●It doesn't simply exist in the minds of individuals; it is structurally supported ●It involves the systemic oppression of subordinates by dominants

Positive feedback

●A system receives information about what it is doing correctly in order to maintain itself & thrive

Negative feedback

●A system receives information about what it is doing incorrectly & can choose to correct any mistakes & return to a more balanced state

●Social System

●A system that is composed of persons who interact & influence each other's behavior

●Integrity vs Despair ●65 & Beyond (Older Adulthood) Complete , peace , integrity

●Ability to look back on one's life & find it complete/Full ●A sense of integrity requires coming to terms with one's limitations and mortality ●Sense of peace & satisfaction versus regret and despair

●Initiative vs. Guilt 3 to 5 years (Pre-School) Eager ,make believe in play , imagination Desire to explore

●Active imagination ●Desire to explore/investigate the world ●Eager to learn ●Emphasis on make believe & play ●Desire to try everything but must discover limits set by society (parents) ●If over restricted or punished, children become fearful, passive observers & followers instead of self-starters & leaders

System

●An entity with boundaries within and across which physical and mental energy are exchanged ●An entity comprised of interrelated and interdependent parts ●***********A system may be an individual, couple, family, group, organization, community or institution... ●Include individuals, couples, families, groups, organizations, communities, institutions...

System ****Boundaries ,physical and mental energy are exchanged Include individuals, couples, families, groups, organizations, communities, institutions

●An entity with boundaries within and across which physical and mental energy are exchanged ●An entity comprised of interrelated and interdependent parts ●Include individuals, couples, families, groups, organizations, communities, institutions...

Preoperational: 2 years -7 years (begins about the time the child starts to talk) Language , symbols objects , difficult concept time , fantasy thinking

●Applying his new knowledge of language, the child begins to use symbols to represent objects. Early in this stage he also personifies objects. He is now better able to think about things and events that aren't immediately present. ●Oriented to the present, the child has difficulty conceptualizing time. ●His thinking is influenced by fantasy -- the way he'd like things to be -- and he assumes that others see situations from his viewpoint.

ERIKSON'S STAGES OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT B.A.IG.I.I. I.R.I.I.GS.ID

●BASIC TRUST VS BASIC MISTRUST Birth to 18 months (Infancy) ●Infants who consistently receive warm, loving care & nourishment from caretakers learn to trust & view the world as a safe, dependable place ●If basic trust is strong, child maintains hopeful attitude ●Inconsistent care yields anxiety & distrust ●Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt 18 months to 3 years (Toddler) ●Development of a sense of autonomy, separateness, feeling of competence & self-worth ●Child strives to accomplish things independently & tests limits imposed by parents ●Self-doubt may occur if parents overly shame the child (e.g.potty training) ●Children with a sense of autonomy like to make decisions; those who have a sense of shame like being told what to do ●Initiative vs. Guilt 3 to 5 years (Pre-School) ●Active imagination ●Desire to explore/investigate the world ●Eager to learn ●Emphasis on make believe & play ●Desire to try everything but must discover limits set by society (parents) ●If over restricted or punished, children become fearful, passive observers & followers instead of self-starters & leaders ●INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY ●6 to 11 years (School age) ●Child is busy building, creating, accomplishing ●Need to be productive & succeed in activities/master skills ●Danger of sense of inadequacy and inferiority if child despairs of her/his skills and status among peers ●Much comparison with peers ●Identity VS Role Confusion ●12-18 years (Adolescence) ●Massive physical changes (puberty) ●Drawing away from family to find own identity ●Group identity (peers) develops ●Danger of role confusion & doubts about sexual and vocational identity ●Sense of personal identity is an essential foundation for intimacy ●Intimacy vs Isolation ●20-35 yrs (Young Adult) ●The quest for intimacy - the ability to share one's self with another person without being afraid of sacrificing one's own identity. ●Focus on love and work - mate selection and career choice ●Generativity vs Stagnation ●35-60 yrs (Middle Adulthood) ●Raising one's family ●Career Progression ●Integrity vs Despair ●65 & Beyond (Older Adulthood) ●Ability to look back on one's life & find it complete/Full ●A sense of integrity requires coming to terms with one's limitations and mortality ●Sense of peace & satisfaction versus regret and despair ●The need to be creative and productive in ways which will contribute to future generations; creating one's legacy for the future.

Feedback

●Special form of input that provides a system with information regarding its performance

Gender Terminology

●Biological/Birth Sex -the sex one is assigned to at birth which is based on biological factors, such as chromosomes, genitals and hormone levels. ●Intersex — A person born with both male and female physiological or anatomical sex characteristics ●Transgender A person whose self-definition challenges and disrupts traditional binary conceptions and boundaries of gender and sexuality. Often their gender identity doesn't match their physiological sex ●Transsexual — A person who alters their body through surgery or hormonal treatments to live as another gender or sex ●Cross Dresser — A person who enjoys dressing in clothes typically associated with another gender, often are heterosexual men ●Gender-refers to a wide range of social/cultural meanings that are ascribed to sex categories. It includes both gender identity and gender expression. ●Gender Identity - a person's internal self-concept with regard to gender categories ●Gender Expression - includes behaviors, demeanor, attire, and language through which people intentionally or unintentionally communicate gender. ●Gender Roles -specific sets of expectations for gender expression, which characterize what "men" and "women" are suppose to be in a particular society. These expectations are socially constructed.

Phase IV: Intervention & Monitoring C.M.R

●Carry out plan ●Monitor progress ●Revise plan if it not achieving desired results

Transactions Communication Interactions Exchanges Negative or positive

●Communication, interactions, or exchanges that occur between people & their environments. These may be negative or positive.

Exosytem

Exosystem & Macrosystem

●Consists of all of those social settings in which things happen that affect people (child's school, parent's workplace, neighborhood community center ●What happens in these settings will impact individuals directly or indirectly MACROSYSTEM ●Represents the larger cultural context within which the microsystem, messosystem & exosystem are located. For example, the political climate (macrosystem) could lead to policy decisions regarding school closures will impact a family's decision to move to another school district (messosystem) as well as the child's interactions in the new school (microsystem); it will also impact residents who don't have children who will experience changes in the community (microsystem) brought about by the policy decision

Formative elvaluation Inquires information that would be useful to the program Initial program Information comes from interviewing staff clients agency records progress noted or participants observations

●Consists of looking at: -Initial program -Information to help "form" and stabilize the program ●Formative evaluation does not rely on a specific methodology or set of procedures. Instead, its focus is on acquiring information that would be useful for program improvement—whatever that would be. ●This information may come from interviewing staff or clients, reviewing agency records and progress notes, or participant observation. ●One could expect formative evaluators to look for glitches, breakdowns, lengthy delays, and departures from program design. ●They may find such problems as communication difficulties within the agency, lack of client participation in a program, or a need for additional in-service training for staff.are the countable products that result from the activities (e.g.,the number of educational pamphlets distributed, the number of individual therapy sessions held, the number of clients transported to the day treatment program

Defense mechanism *** unconscious means - used by ego - defend itself against I'd and ego

●Defense mechanisms are unconscious means used by the ego to defend itself against demands made by the id, and the unrealistic expectations of the superego.

●Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt 18 months to 3 years (Toddler) *** test limits imposed by parents Accomplish ,potty train , Separateness , self worth

●Development of a sense of autonomy, separateness, feeling of competence & self-worth ●Child strives to accomplish things independently & tests limits imposed by parents ●Self-doubt may occur if parents overly shame the child (e.g.potty training) ●Children with a sense of autonomy like to make decisions; those who have a sense of shame like being told what to do

Boundary Tangible or intangible Provides a identity Open or closed

●Distinguishes a system from its environment ●Provides the system with its identity ●May be relatively open or closed ●May be tangible & intangible

Sensorimotor Stage: (birth to about age 2 ●Major accomplishment is object permanence: ***Shift to themselves to the world Pleasure by certain actions

●During this stage, the child learns about her/himself and her environment through motor and reflex actions. Thought derives from sensation and movem ●Children learn that they can get pleasurable results by performing certain actions ●Child's preoccupation begins to shift from self to the outside world ● ●By the end of this stage, a child can retain images of objects and or words for objects in their minds

Stage 4: Individuative-Reflective Faith Early 20s and beyond Usually a struggle to grow and understand Critical reflection regarding one belief Faith become uniquely one own

●Early to middle twenties or beyond ●There is critical reflection regarding one's beliefs, independent of external authority & group norms ●Faith becomes uniquely one's own ●There is usually a struggle to grow and to understand

●Openness & Closedness

●Ease with which ideas, energy, resources, people or information can enter or leave the system ●A healthy system is a relatively open system

Balence

●Equilibrium/Homeostasis/Steady State ●Refer to the balance that exists among various parts of a system ●This balance is not fixed/static ●Balance is dynamic & fluctuates within a range of change that allows the system to function & maintain itself

Phase V: Evaluation & Termination E.B.G

●Evaluate overall progress ●Bring relationship to an end ●Give feedback to agency about how services & programs might be improved

Phase III: Planning & Contracting F.E.A.D

●Formulate objectives ●Evaluate possible strategies ●Agree on an intervention plan ●Determine who will do what & when it will be done

Adaptation

●The ability of individuals to adjust to their environments

Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development

●Freud earns credit for being among the first to apply the scientific method to the study of human psychology ●He carefully recorded his work with patients, wrote case studies & generated hypotheses about human behavior ●Concepts he used such as the "unconscious," & "defense mechanism" continue to be used today ●Freud's stage theory of psychosexual development is rooted in the psychoanalytic tradition which emphasizes 3 components of the personality

Phase II: Data Collection & Assessment Gather What needs to change What can be change How it can be changed

●Gather information & study the problem or situation ●Decide : ●What needs to change ●What can be changed ●How it can be changed

GOALS

●Goals provide the focus, orientation, and direction needed to harness the combined energy and activities of a staff so that chaos and confusion are minimized and clients' needs are served by the program. ●Many human service agencies have goals that will likely never be accomplished because they involve continuing needs.

The Transition Moderately safe Ground rules have been accepted Members communicate in respectful manner Trust established

●Ground rules have been internalized, accepted & are followed consistently ●At least moderate levels of trust have been established ●The group is perceived as being moderately safe for everyone ●Members appear to communicate in an open & respectful manner

Negative Attitudes & Beliefs Regarding Difference

●Homophobia/Biphobia — The fear, hatred or intolerance of lesbian, gay,bisexual people or any behavior that is not consistent with rigid sex role stereotypes ●Transphobia — Fear of or discomfort with people who do not meet our cultural expectations for gender expression ●Heterosexism — A system of institutional and cultural beliefs, norms and practices that advantages heterosexuals ●Sexism — A system of beliefs and practices that privileges men and subordinates women

●BASIC TRUST VS BASIC MISTRUST Birth to 18 months (Infancy)

●Infants who consistently receive warm, loving care & nourishment from caretakers learn to trust & view the world as a safe, dependable place ●If basic trust is strong, child maintains hopeful attitude ●Inconsistent care yields anxiety & distrust

Input

●Information, communication or resources coming into a system from other systems

Steps in Planning & Implementing Groups

●Intake: ●Presenting concerns & needs of prospective members are identified ●Decisions are made regarding the appropriateness of each prospective member for the group ●The group leader & members establish/clarify tentative group goals ●Selection of members: ●Those members who are most likely to benefit from the group should be selected as members ●Factors to consider in terms of selection include descriptive factors like age & gender as well as behavioral attributes linked to disposition (aggression, hyperactivity...) ●Assessment & Planning ●Assessment is on-going & does not end until termination ●Assessment which was initiated at intake continues & is more in-depth ●The group leader supports the members in establishing goals that are clear & attainable ●Group Development & Intervention ●Variety of models which address the evolution & growth of groups ●Variety of intervention techniques applicable to group work ●Evaluation & Termination ●On-going process ●May be based on various factors ●Accomplishment of individual and/or group goals ●Pre-determined time limitations

Stage 1: Intuitive-Projective Faith 18-7 Imaginative and terrifying thoughts of hell Difficulty distinguishing Gods view from parents

●It characterizes the child of 18 months to six or seven. ●As young children struggle to understand the forces that control their world, they form powerful, imaginative, often terrifying & lasting images of God, heaven & hell ●Children have difficulty distinguishing God's view from their own or parents

Diagnosis- problems

●Labels never tell the whole story ●Can become self-fulfilling prophesies ●Joe is a schizophrenic v Joe has schizophrenia ●Labels can be bestowed in error (hasty diagnosis, misdiagnosis, or a diagnosis that changes over time

Stage 6: Universalizing Faith

●Late life ●Extremely Rare-Most people never reach this stage ●Fowler placed such moral & spiritual leaders as Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King & Mother Teresa in this stage ●This stage is defined by feeling at one with God. People here invest their lives in a larger cause without being concerned by the personal costs of their commitment to the well-being of humanity ●Fowler suggests that these persons are consumed with a sense of "participation in a power that unifies and transforms the world." ●These are persons who in a sense negate the self for the sake of affirming God; and yet in affirming God they become powerful.

Logic models Power Can Assist Change Provide framework Clarify for stake holders sequence of events that contribute to performance Assist with understanding for outcomes to be achieved Critical examination of program of policy

●Logic models not only help the evaluator to conceptualize the important program components, they also have these advantages: ●They assist with understanding what must happen for outcomes to be achieved. ● They identify core processes so that re-engineering can occur; they provide a map for programmatic or organizational change. ● They provide a framework for analyzing alternative strategies to achieve desired client outcomes. ● They clarify for stakeholders the sequence of events and processes that contribute to program performance. ● They enable a critical examination of the program and policy logic. ● They facilitate communication about strategies, activities, and expected outcomes. ●They provide a focus for achieving the desired end result by linking budget, activities, output, and outcomes. (Millar, Simeone, & Carnevale, 2001)

Stage 5: Conjunctive Faith Mid life and beyond Struggle and fulfilling own needs and sacrificing for others Learn t live with their faith Trusting relationship with god

●Mid-life & beyond ●Individuals realize the paradoxes in faith, and learn to live with their faith and their questions ●This stage involves a dynamic, trusting relationship with God ●There is a struggle with conflicts between fulfilling their own needs & sacrificing for others

●Multifinality

●The capacity of 2 systems beginning from similar conditions to achieve different end states

●Equifinality

●The capacity of 2 systems to achieve identical goals when starting from different conditions

MISSION STATEMENTS, E.P.H Extra Paper Help Explain what agency is about Provide a vision for the organization Help gain understanding in support from people outside the organization

●Mission statements are statements of purpose—they explain what the agency is all about. ●Mission statements provide a common vision for the organization, a point of reference for all major planning decisions ●Mission statements not only provide clarity of purpose to persons within an organization, but also help gain understanding and support from those people outside the organization who are important to its success

Process vs formative evaluations

●One major difference between formative evaluation and process evaluation is that while a formative evaluation seeks to influence the initial development of a program, a process evaluation can be conducted anytime during a project—even at its end.

Managing Personal Values

●Our personal values & opinions cannot serve as absolute guides for others to follow ●As professionals, we are compelled to maintain nonjudgmental attitudes in practicing social work ●A prerequisite to developing a non-judgmental attitude is a knowledge of one's own belief system ●We bring ourselves with us to the practice situation; we cannot turn ourselves (or our values) on and off---our job is to manage our personal values.

Subjective evaluation PRt 2 It's what we believe

●Our perspective as practitioners often involves subjective evaluations. That is, we believe that a client has improved or not improved. The problem with subjective evaluations is that others may not share them

Managing personal values **** values assumptions become reality of the practice situations

●Our values, assumptions and expectations become a reality of the practice situation; our job is to manage our personal values.

Managing personal values **** keep**

●Our values, assumptions and expectations become a reality of the practice situation; our job is to manage our personal values.

Piaget

●Piaget's theory describes how people develop their capacities to think, learn & process information from birth through their teenage years

Process evaluation Sponsors want to know what was learned Information could be valuable to other communities Determine if failure was due to poor program intervention or because problematic

●Process evaluations are typically required for research and demonstration projects because sponsors want to know what was learned during the implementation of the project. ●Such information could be valuable to other communities considering whether to start such a program. ●In addition, process evaluation can help determine whether the "failure" of a program was due to a poor program or poor intervention, or if it was because implementation of the program was problematic

Program monitoring (continue )

●Program monitoring is a basic form of program evaluation ●Often program monitoring starts with examining a program's specific goals and objectives and comparing these with the kind of data that most human service agencies routinely collect. ●These data are "monitored" to ensure that the program is serving those for whom it was designed.

Program Monitoring

●Program monitoring is the second overarching purpose of process evaluation ●Program monitoring can be valuable to the process evaluator who is trying to understand what happened in a program and to whom. ●Ongoing program monitoring is essential to the sound management of all programs.

Case manager Continuity of services Connect clients to service Client assement

●Purpose is to achieve continuity of service to individuals & families by connecting clients to appropriate services & coordinating the utilization of services ●Involves a wide range of activities including assessment, developing a case/service plan, locating programs & services, monitoring, serving as liaison, advocating & networking ●Functions: ●Client Identification & Orientation ●Client Assessment ●Service treatment/Planning ●Linkage & Service Coordination ●Follow-up & Monitoring Service Delivery ●Client Support

Advocate Upholding rights revive resources Defending , intervening

●Purpose is to assist clients in upholding their rights to receive resources & services and/or to actively support causes intended to make policies & programs more responsive to client/client group needs ●Involves the act of directly representing, defending, intervening, supporting or recommending a course of action on behalf of one or more individuals, groups or communities with the goal of securing or retaining social justice ●Emphasis on supporting clients in becoming their own advocates ●Functions: ●Client Advocacy ●Class Advocacy

Professional

●Purpose is to engage in competent & ethical social work practice & contribute to the development of the social work profession ●Involves behaving in social work practice in a thoughtful, purposeful, responsible & ethical manner ●Functions: ●Self-Assessment (on-going awareness & assessment of self) ●Personal/Professional Development (e.g., familiarization with professional literature, workshop/seminar/conference attendance, educational opportunities...) ●Enhancement of the Social Work Profession (service through involvement in NASW, conference presentations, provision of workshops & publications

Staff Developer

●Purpose is to facilitate the professional development of staff through training, supervision, consultation & personnel management ●Involves activities related to maximizing the effectiveness of professional helpers through use of many of the skills used in the teacher role. ●Functions: ●Employee Orientation & Training ●Personnel Management (hiring, firing, reassigning) ●Supervision (overseeing & directing) ●Consultation (peer to peer expert advice)

Counselor/ clinician

●Purpose is to help clients improve their social functioning by helping them better understand their feelings, modify their behaviors & learn to cope with problematic situations ●Involves applying social work theory & methods to the treatment & prevention of psychosocial dysfunction, disability or impairment. ●Functions: ●Psychosocial Assessment & Diagnosis ●Stabilizing Care (e.g., support of terminally ill, severely disabled) ●Social Treatment (e.g., direct & indirect support in problem-solving related to relationships with systems) ●Practice Evaluation (e.g., assessment of worker performance)

Broker Link to human services Identify needs Access to money housing food clothing

●Purpose is to link clients to appropriate human services & other resources ●Identifies client needs ●Assesses client motivations & capacity to use resources ●Helps clients gain access to the most appropriate resources (e.g., money, food, housing, clothing & social services such as counseling, group, rehabilitation programs...) ●Functions include: ●Client situation assessment ●Resource Assessment ●Referral ●Service System Linkage ●Information Giving

Administrator

●Purpose is to plan, develop & implement policies, services & programs in a human service organization ●Involves activities associated with implementing the agency's policies & implementing its programs ●Functions: ●Management (maintaining operational oversight) ●Internal & External Coordination (Coordinating the work of the agency via internal & external negotiation & interpretation) ●Policy & Program Development (assessing the need for new policies & programs & generating alternatives) ●Program Evaluation (monitoring & evaluation, documentation of service adequacy & compliance)

Teacher

●Purpose is to prepare clients or the general public with knowledge & skills necessary to prevent problems or enhance social functioning ●Involves teaching clients necessary adaptive skills by providing information, offering advice & suggestions, identifying alternatives & consequences, modeling, teaching problem-solving techniques ●Functions: ●Teaching social & daily living skills (e.g.,conflict resolution, personal care, effective communication) ●Facilitating behavior change (e.g., behavior modification, role playing & modeling) ●Primary prevention (e.g., teaching parenting skills, offering info. Re: family planning, HIV/AIDS prevention training

Social change agent

●Purpose to participate in the identification of community problems and/or opportunities for enhancing quality of life & mobilizing groups to advocate for change ●Involves facilitating needed change in neighborhoods, communities & larger social systems ●Functions: ●Social Problem/Policy Analysis ●Community Mobilization ●Resource Development

●Generativity vs Stagnation ●35-60 yrs (Middle Adulthood) Career , legacy Raising one family

●Raising one's family ●Career Progression ●The need to be creative and productive in ways which will contribute to future generations; creating one's legacy for the future.

Discrimination Actions Deny equal treatment

●Refers to actions that deny equal treatment to persons perceived to be members of some social category or group

Proffesonial Sanction 4 major sources G.H.N.C Authorization Approval Professional task

●Refers to the authorization, approval or permission to perform professional tasks & activities ●Sanction for the social work profession comes from 4 major sources: ●Government Agencies ●Human Service Organizations (public & private) ●NASW ●Clients

MACROSYSTEM

●Represents the larger cultural context within which the microsystem, messosystem & exosystem are located.

Social Work and Social Policy

●Social work is driven by social policies that dictate how the work is done, with whom, for how much, towards what end.

Integrity

●Social workers are committed to behaving in a trustworthy manner ●Social workers should internalize the values of the profession & be guided by a sense of honesty and responsibility

Integrity Internalize values if profession Honesty and responsibility

●Social workers are committed to behaving in a trustworthy manner ●Social workers should internalize the values of the profession & be guided by a sense of honesty and responsibility

Dignity and worth of an individual Recognize clients strengths and capacity Support right to determine own destiny Respecting individual differences treating people with respect

●Social workers are committed to respecting individual differences and treating people with compassion and respect ●Social workers recognize client strengths & capacity for positive transformation ●Social workers recognize & support the client's right to determine her/his/their own destiny

Social justice Partnership With the vulnerable and oppressed

●Social workers are committed to social change---particularly in partnership with and on behalf of the most vulnerable and oppressed members of society

Accountability

●Social workers have an ethical responsibility to clients/clients systems, colleagues, employing organizations, society and the social work profession ●Social workers must know relevant laws & their implications for social work practice

Service Place service above personal interest Dedicated to using knowledge value and skills to people in need

●Social workers place their service to others above personal interests. ●Social workers are dedicated to using our knowledge, values & skills to help people in need and to address social problems

Importance of human relationships Change happens through Social relationships

●Social workers recognize the vital importance of human relationships ●Social workers recognize that change happens through social relationships ●Social work is centered around strengthening relationships

Acceptance

●Social workers regard clients and their situations positively ●Social Workers recognize the worth & dignity of client systems ●Social workers recognize client's capacity for growth & build on strengths

Competence

●Social workers should practice in the special areas in which they have expertise ●Social workers are committed to continued learning ●Social workers are committed to expanding the knowledge base

Individualizations Unique person with personal differences Respect diversity

●Social workers treat each client not just as another human being but as a unique person with personal differences ●While we rely on general patterns about human behavior, we augment this information with assessment data that reflects the distinct characteristics of a given client/client system ●Social workers respect diversity

Types of theories

●Sociologically-based Perspectives ●Systems ●Ecological ●Conflict ●Rational Choice ●Social Constructionist ●Empowerment Theories ●Psychologically-based Perspectives ●Psycho-dynamic ●Developmental ●Social Behavioral ●Humanistic

Concrete Operations 7 to 11 years (about first grade to early adolescence) Think abstractly , understand events , symbols ,math , languages

●The child develops an ability to think abstractly and to make rational judgments about concrete or observable phenomena, which in the past he needed to manipulate physically to understand. ●Children become more adept at understanding events/phenomena from the perspective of others ●Children learn to effectively use symbols to represent objects & events in the real world which facilitates their ability to do math & use language

Being a program moniter Deciding what's important to count ( events , products , activities ) -should be though as routine activity Routine monitoring stops major problems before they come a problem

●The first step in program monitoring consists of deciding what program products, events, or activities are important enough to count. Not every activity associated with a program is important enough to monitor. ●It may not be important to count the number of times that calls are placed. However, if you are the manager of a telephone crisis hotline or a telephone information and referral service, it may be important to keep records on the number of telephone contacts categorized by problem (e.g., suicidal ideation, drug use, or unexpected pregnancies).

Interdependence

●The reciprocal & mutually reliant relationships that people have with one another & with their environments

Stage 2: Mythic-Literal Faith 7-12 They take religious very serious They believe that God is fair

●The second stage we call mythic/literal faith (ages 7 to 12). ●More coherent view of the universe ●They take religious stories very literally ●They believe that God is fair & that people get what they deserve

Negative Entropy

●The systems efficent or maximum use of energy ●Orientation towards growth & development All systems either tend toward entropy or negative entropy

●Entropy

●The tendency of a system to progress toward dysfunction/death ●System becomes less &n less capable of using its energy & carrying out its function

Output

●The way that a system responds to input

Coping

●The ways in which individuals deal with negative events & situations

Stage 3: Synthetic-Conventional Faith 13 through adolescents Seekire personal relationships with God about 50 percent may never move beyond this stage Adolescents begin to form personal belief systems Look to others for moral authority

●This stage begins around age 13 and runs through adolescence and beyond ●Adolescents begin to form personal belief systems ●As they search for an identity, they seek a more personal relationship with God ●They look to others (especially peers) for moral authority ●Faith is unquestioning and conforms to community standards ●People believe that they are rewarded or punished for following rules laid down by the proper authority ●This stage is typical of followers of organized religion; about 50% of adults may never move beyond this stage

Formal Operations Ages 11 to 16 years (adolescence) Rational thinking , final form , deductive reasoning ,

●This stage brings cognition to its final form. This person no longer requires concrete objects to make rational judgments. ●Engage in abstract thinking ●Consider multiple aspects of an object or an event at one time ●At this point, he is capable of hypothetical and deductive reasoning.

2 Major Types of Groups

●Treatment Group ●A group whose major purpose is to meet members' socioemotional needs ●Purposes for forming the group may include meeting members' needs for support, education, therapy, growth & socialization ●Task Group ●A group in which the primary purpose for its existence is to accomplish a goal that is not linked to the personal needs of group members (teams, boards, staffings, committees, coalitions)

Person in environment perspective V.F.A

●Views client situations within the environmental context in which they occur ●Focus on client systems which are interrelated aspects of clients' lives, that when considered together function as a whole (micro, mezzo, macro) ●As generalist social work practitioners, we are committed to *****(intervening at all 3 system levels )in order to promote the optimum functioning of our clients

Process Evaluation Use combination of qualitative and quantitative Include representatives from multiple agencies

●When doing process evaluation, it is probably wise to use some combination of qualitative and quantitative data collection procedures to best capture what is happening with the program. ●It is also helpful to include representatives from multiple agencies in the interview process to get a picture of the program that is as accurate as possible.

Unifying Mission of Social Work I.G.C

●social work is the professional activity of helping individuals, groups, or communities to enhance or restore their capacity for social functioning and creating societal conditions favorable to this goal

Workload Manager

●●Involves providing services to clients while simultaneously meeting the obligations/requirements of the employing agency *Purpose is to manage one's workload in a way that allows for effective provision of service to clients and the employing agency ●Involves providing services to clients while simultaneously meeting the obligations/requirements of the employing agency ●Functions: ●Work Planning (assessing workload, setting priorities & planning) ●Time Management (efficient use of time) ●Quality Assurance Monitoring (reflective assessment of services provided by self & colleagues) ●Information Processing (completing reports, maintaining case records...)

Informed consent Should be told all aspects of the research that might influence decision PPCD Purpose and goals of the group ➢Potential risks involved in participating ➢Cost ➢Duration of sessions

➢Purpose and goals of the group ➢Potential risks involved in participating ➢Cost ➢Duration of sessions Potential research participants should be told ALL aspects of the research that might reasonably influence their decision to participate .

Como exam 4

संबंधित स्टडी सेट्स

CAPA: Ch. 13 Vegetables

Exam 3 Prep U

Biology 2.4-2.6

Main Rhetorical Devices

kevin 3-8

toefl essay 7

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Texas Statutes and Rules Common to Life and Health Insurance

4.4.7 Practice Questions

Case Study Total Parenteral Nutrition (video case study)

module 6 Test Study Guide

INTRO A LA NUTRITION

Chapter 19 - Nursing Care of the Family During the Postpartum Period - Test 1

Insurance Chapter 4 Exam

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Lifespan Dev-School&Family Influences

Abnormal Psych Test 3

Medical Assisting - Chapter 4

Audit and Assurance