Comp 2 Midterm

The student is citing material in an essay in an anthology on page 167.Franzen, Jonathan. "David Foster Wallace." Best American Nonrequired Reading 2009, edited by Dave Eggers, Mariner, 2009, pp. 167-71. Franzen explains that details for David Foster Wallace were "a way of connecting, on relatively safe middle ground, with another human being" (Eggers, 167). Or Franzen explains that details for David Foster Wallace were "a way of connecting, on relatively safe middle ground, with another human being" (167).

Franzen explains that details for David Foster Wallace were "a way of connecting, on relatively safe middle ground, with another human being" (167).

Anecdotally, adolescent vegetarianism seems to be rising, thanks in part to YouTube animal slaughter videos that shock the developing sensibilities of many U.S. children. But there isn't enough long-term data to prove that, according to government researchers. -Mike Stobbe If more adolescents are becoming vegetarian, it may be related to "YouTube animal slaughter videos that shock the developing sensibilities of many U.S. children" (Stobbe 649). Or Increasingly adolescents are becoming vegetarian, thanks to "YouTube animal slaughter videos that shock the developing sensibilities of many U.S. children" (Stobbe 649).

If more adolescents are becoming vegetarian, it may be related to "YouTube animal slaughter videos that shock the developing sensibilities of many U.S. children" (Stobbe 649)

What is the main difference between writing a paraphrase and writing a summary?

In a summary, you condense the information in the source.

Which of the following BEST describes a "claim" in an argument?

a statement that reasonable people may disagree about

When deciding whether to quote, paraphrase, or summarize a source's information, when is it best to paraphrase?

when exact wording of the source is not necessary but there are details you need to include

The student is quoting from an unsigned editorial, "Asserting Silence" published in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch on June 4, 2010. "Asserting Silence." Editorial. St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 4 June 2010, p. A16. Or Anonymous. "Asserting Silence." Editorial. St. Louis Post-Dispatch 4 June 2010: A16. Print.

"Asserting Silence." Editorial. St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 4 June 2010, p. A16.

The main difference between a review of literature and an annotated bibliography is which of the following?

A review of literature shows how the sources within a body of literature relate to one another.

The Internet has turned teenagers into honest documentarians of their own lives—reporters embedded in their homes, their schools, their own heads. But this is also why it's dangerous, why we can't seem to recognize that it's just a medium. We're afraid. Our kids know things we don't. -Amy Goldwasser According to Goldwasser, the cause for fear is that "Internet access has turned teenagers into honest documentarians of their own lives. . . . Our kids know things we don't" (667). Or According to Goldwasser, the cause for fear is that Internet access "has turned teenagers into honest documentarians of their own lives. . . Our kids know things we don't" (667).

According to Goldwasser, the cause for fear is that Internet access "has turned teenagers into honest documentarians of their own lives. . . Our kids know things we don't" (667).

The student is citing material from an online source that includes no page numbers .Walker, Rob. "Stuck on You." New York Times Magazine, 31 May 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/06/magazine/06fob-consumed-t.html?_r=0 (Links to an external site.). According to a 2008 study, drivers with bumper stickers on their cars are much more likely to display road rage ("Stuck on You"). Or According to a 2008 study, drivers with bumper stickers on their cars are much more likely to display road rage (Walker).

According to a 2008 study, drivers with bumper stickers on their cars are much more likely to display road rage (Walker).

To establish your own credibility with readers, which of the following methods should you use to incorporate other viewpoints?

All of these methods for incorporating other viewpoints will help to establish your credibility with readers.

To be very clear, then, I am not criticizing the work of Habitat for Humanity. -Diana George Although their advertisements are the subject of her analysis, George's statement that "I am not criticizing the work of Habitat for Humanity" (623). Or Although their advertisements are the subject of her analysis, George is careful to state "I am not criticizing the work of Habitat for Humanity" (623).

Although their advertisements are the subject of her analysis, George is careful to state "I am not criticizing the work of Habitat for Humanity" (623).

For an essay about women in 1960s American film, the student is citing the performances of George Peppard and Audrey Hepburn and the work of the director Blake Edwards in Breakfast at Tiffany's. The film was released in 1961 and distributed on DVD in the Paramount Centennial Collection in 2009. Breakfast at Tiffany's. Directed by Blake Edwards, performances by Audrey Hepburn and George Peppard, 1961. Paramount, 2009 Or Breakfast at Tiffany's. Dir. Blake Edwards. Perf. Audrey Hepburn, George Peppard. Paramount, 1961. Film.

Breakfast at Tiffany's. Directed by Blake Edwards, performances by Audrey Hepburn and George Peppard, 1961. Paramount, 2009

Following a rule of good manners may mean doing something you do not want to do, and the weird rhetoric of our self-indulgent age resists the idea that we have such things as obligations to others. -Stephen L. Carter Describing a decline in the behavior of young people, Stephen L. Carter worries that "the weird rhetoric of a self-indulgent age resists the idea that we should have" self-control and good manners (672). Or Describing a decline in the behavior of young people, Stephen L. Carter worries that "the weird rhetoric of [this] self-indulgent age resists the idea" of self-control and good manners (672).

Describing a decline in the behavior of young people, Stephen L. Carter worries that "the weird rhetoric of [this] self-indulgent age resists the idea" of self-control and good manners (672).

Grief turns out to be a place none of us know until we reach it. -Joan Didion Didion suggests that "grief turns out to be a place none of us know until we reach it" (929). Or Didion's suggestion that "grief turns out to be a place none of us know until we reach it" (929).

Didion suggests that "grief turns out to be a place none of us know until we reach it" (929).

The main difference between evaluative and descriptive annotations is which of the following?

Evaluative annotations include relevant commentary on each source.

Choosing appropriate evidence to support your argument will depend mostly on your personal interests and preferences. True or False?

False

Signal phrases are handled the same way in both MLA and APA documentation styles. True or False?

False

When deciding what sources to include in an annotated bibliography written for a college course, it's best to include every source you find or look at. True or False?

False

When generating ideas and text for your argument, it is best to keep a strict pro or con position rather than to qualify your thesis to certain conditions, within certain limitations, etc. True or False?

False

Already he thinks of himself as someone who will give away what he has to those in need. -Jay Parini Parini says of Warren Buffett that "already he thinks of himself as someone who will give away what he has to those in need" (938). Or Parini says of Warren Buffett that "Already he thinks of himself as someone who will give away what he has to those in need" (938).

Parini says of Warren Buffett that "already he thinks of himself as someone who will give away what he has to those in need" (938).

The student is summarizing a point from page 139 in an article. Ruzich, Constance M. and A.J. Grant. "Predatory Lending and the Devouring of the American Dream." Journal of American Culture, vol. 32, no. 2, 2009, pp. 137-45. Ruzich and Grant claim the term predatory lending suggests a metaphor that sheds light on current American attitudes toward credit and the relationships between lending institutions and borrowers (139). Or Ruzich et al. claim the term predatory lending suggests a metaphor that sheds light on current American attitudes toward credit and the relationships between lending institutions and borrowers (139).

Ruzich and Grant claim the term predatory lending suggests a metaphor that sheds light on current American attitudes toward credit and the relationships between lending institutions and borrowers (139).

Most editors test their covers in focus groups in an endless search for the magic that will make their magazines fly off the shelves—and to avoid costly mistakes. -Katharine Q. Seelye Seelye argues that editors "the magic that will make their magazines fly off the shelves" (604) Or Seelye argues that magazine editors are seeking "the magic that will make their magazines fly off the shelves" (604).

Seelye argues that magazine editors are seeking "the magic that will make their magazines fly off the shelves" (604).

The student is quoting page 194. The student's project includes two works by the same author in the list of works cited. Tannen, Deborah. You're Wearing That?: Understanding Mothers and Daughters in Conversation. Ballantine, 2006. Tannen claims that in some cases a new medium such as email "just substitutes a new form for an old function" (You're Wearing That? 194). Or Tannen claims that in some cases a new medium such as email "just substitutes a new form for an old function" (194).

Tannen claims that in some cases a new medium such as email "just substitutes a new form for an old function" (You're Wearing That? 194).

Which of the following claims is BEST suited for an argument essay written for a college course? People should take down their Christmas decorations no later than the first week of January. The federal government should subsidize childcare for low-income families. In my opinion, all children should pack their lunches for school because I believe school cafeterias are a waste of money. Prominent television critics consider The Walking Dead to be one of the most action-filled, suspenseful zombie apocalypse dramas ever made.

The federal government should subsidize childcare for low-income families.

Acquiring work from commercial sources, including buying papers off the web or paying someone to do the work, is plagiarism. True or False?

True

Allowing another student to claim your work as his/her own is an act of collusion and makes you as well as the other student guilty of plagiarism. True or False?

True

Copying and pasting text from any web-site without citing the source is plagiarism. True or False?

True

Copying and pasting text from on-line media, such as journal articles, without citing the source is plagiarism. True or False?

True

Replacing a few selected words using a thesaurus or just using words from your own head to get synonyms is plagiarizing. True or False?

True

Submitting an essay or paper that was written for another class or purpose without consent of the current instructor is plagiarism. True or False?

True

Using another student's work and claiming it as your own, even with the student's permission, is plagiarism. True or False?

True

Using your previous work in any way as a basis for a new assignment without citing the original work in the bibliography is plagiarism. True or False?

True

I haven't found a soul who tried this machine who wasn't appalled, baffled, or both. -David Pogue When evaluating the BlackBerry, Pogue complains "I haven't found a soul who tried this machine who wasn't appalled, baffled or both" (D7). Or When evaluating the BlackBerry, Pogue complains, "he hasn't found a soul who tried this machine who wasn't appalled, baffled or both" (D7).

When evaluating the BlackBerry, Pogue complains "I haven't found a soul who tried this machine who wasn't appalled, baffled or both" (D7).

The student is paraphrasing a book, Queen Bees and Wannabes: Helping Your Daughter Survive Cliques, Gossip, Boyfriends, and the New Realities of Girl World, by Rosalind Wiseman. This is the 2nd edition of the book. Wiseman, Rosalind. Queen Bees and Wannabes: Helping Your Daughter Survive Cliques, Gossip, Boyfriends, and the New Realities of Girl World. 2nd ed., Three Rivers-Crown, 2009. Or Wiseman, Rosalind. Queen Bees and Wannabes: Helping Your Daughter Survive Cliques, Gossip, Boyfriends, and the New Realities of Girl World. New York: Crown, 2009. Print.

Wiseman, Rosalind. Queen Bees and Wannabes: Helping Your Daughter Survive Cliques, Gossip, Boyfriends, and the New Realities of Girl World. 2nd ed., Three Rivers-Crown, 2009.

Which of the following is a key feature of arguments?

appeals to readers' values

Which of the following is a key feature of reviews of scholarly literature?

careful, thorough research

Which of the following is a key feature of annotated bibliographies?

consistent presentation

A conclusion based on insufficient or inappropriately qualified evidence is known as what type of fallacy?

hasty generalization

Original passage After Yorktown diplomats took two years to conclude the war. Peace talks began in Paris in April 1782, but the French and Spanish stalled for time, hoping for a major naval victory or territorial conquest. Their delaying tactics infuriated the American diplomats—Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay—who feared that France might sacrifice American interests. For this reason the Americans negotiated secretly with the British, prepared if necessary to cut their ties to France and sign a separate peace. The British ministry was also eager to obtain a quick settlement, for the war had little support in Parliament and officials feared the loss to France of a rich West Indian sugar island.--From James A. Henretta, et al., America's History (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2004), 46. SUMMARY: It took diplomats two years to conclude the war after Yorktown. The French and Spanish stalled after the peace talks begin in 1782. The infuriated American diplomats secretly bargained with the British to possibly sign a separate peace. The British ministry also wanted to obtain a quick settlement.

ineffective

Original passage The oracle of Delphi functioned in a specific place, the adyton, or "no entry" area of the temple's core, and through a specific person, the Pythia, who was chosen to speak, as a possessed medium, for Apollo, the god of prophecy. Extraordinarily for misogynist Greece, the Pythia was a woman. And unlike most Greek priests and priestesses, the Pythia did not inherit her office through noble family connections. Although the Pythia had to be from Delphi, she could be old or young, rich or poor, well educated or illiterate. She went through a long and intense period of conditioning, supported by a sisterhood of Delphic women who tended the eternal sacred fire in the temple.--From John R. Hale, et al., "Questioning the Delphic Oracle," Scientific American August 2003: 67. SUMMARY: The Delphic oracle functioned in a "no entry" part of the temple, and through the Pythia, a possessed medium, who spoke for Apollo, the god of prophecy. The Pythia, who was a woman, studied long and hard, and had to be from Delphi, could be old or young, rich or poor, well educated or illiterate.

ineffective

Original passage Vatnajökull, 3,200 frozen square miles overlying Iceland's most active volcanic region, sits, as does the rest of the island, above a mantle plume—a column of hot rock that rises from the depths of Earth and feeds volcanoes with lava. Although it is paradoxical that Iceland's hottest region boasts its biggest ice cap, it is no coincidence: the ice sheet is huge and permanent precisely because lava flowing from the mantle plume has built the mountains so high. . . . During an eruption of any of the island's ice-covered volcanoes, upwelling lava meets hundreds of feet of ice, producing trillions of gallons of meltwater and confronting Icelanders with a three-pronged pestilence of fire, flood, and ice.--From Robert S. White, "The Ice Above, the Fire Below," Natural History June 2002: 43. SUMMARY: The entire island of Iceland sits above a mantle plume—a shaft of hot rock rising from the Earth's depths and feeding lava to volcanoes. According to Robert S. White, it is the lava flowing from the mantle plume that has made the mountains so high (43).

ineffective

When refuting other positions in your argument essay, it is important to do which of the following?

state the other position as clearly and fairly as possible

Which of the following reasons BEST explains why you might include a scenario, or a hypothetical situation, as evidence for an argument?

to offer a new way of looking at a particular state of affairs

Do temperamentally violent kids seek out shows that express feelings they already have, or are they in it for the adrenaline boost? -Maggie Cutler "Do temperamentally violent kids seek out shows that express feelings they already have" Cutler asks (64)? Or "Do temperamentally violent kids seek out shows that express feelings they already have?" Cutler asks (64).

"Do temperamentally violent kids seek out shows that express feelings they already have?" Cutler asks (64).

When revising a draft of your argument, which of the following questions will BEST help you and others study your draft with a critical eye?

Is there enough evidence to support your reasons?

The student is quoting from page 27 of an article. Robin, Corey. "Garbage and Gravitas." The Nation 7, June 2010, pp. 21-27. Trying to explain Ayn Rand's influence on American politics, Robin wonders how could such "a second-rater exert such a continuing influence on the culture at large" (27)? Or Trying to explain Ayn Rand's influence on American politics, Robin wonders how could such "a second-rater exert such a continuing influence on the culture at large?" (27).

Trying to explain Ayn Rand's influence on American politics, Robin wonders how could such "a second-rater exert such a continuing influence on the culture at large?" (27).

The student is quoting the words of Thierry Gardere as quoted on page 20 of the source. Korten, Tristram. "Rum and Hope." The Atlantic, May 2010, pp. 19-20. For recovery to be a success, Thierry Gardere believes "what we have to do in Haiti to survive is to be completely self-sufficient" (Korten 20). Or For recovery to be a success, Thierry Gardere believes "what we have to do in Haiti to survive is to be completely self-sufficient" (qtd. in Korten 20).

For recovery to be a success, Thierry Gardere believes "what we have to do in Haiti to survive is to be completely self-sufficient" (qtd. in Korten 20).

The student is citing "The Enhancement of the Senses," a review of a book, The Age of Wonder: How the Romantic Generation Discovered the Beauty and Terror of Science that appeared in the magazine The Nation. Findlen, Paula. "The Enhancement of the Senses." Nation 31 May 2010: 33-36. Print. Or Findlen, Paula. "The Enhancement of the Senses." Review of The Age of Wonder: How the Romantic Generation Discovered the Beauty and Terror of Science, by Richard Holmes, Nation, May 2010, pp. 33-36.

Findlen, Paula. "The Enhancement of the Senses." Review of The Age of Wonder: How the Romantic Generation Discovered the Beauty and Terror of Science, by Richard Holmes, Nation, May 2010, pp. 33-36.

The student is citing an online work where the author is unknown. "114,000 iPads Hacked." CNN, 10 June 2010, www.cnn.com (Links to an external site.). As many as 114,000 new iPad owners were left vulnerable after hackers took advantage of security lapses and gathered private user information ("114,000 iPads Hacked"). Or As many as 114,000 new iPad owners were left vulnerable after hackers took advantage of security lapses and gathered private user information.

As many as 114,000 new iPad owners were left vulnerable after hackers took advantage of security lapses and gathered private user information ("114,000 iPads Hacked").

The student is quoting from page 210 of an essay in a book. George, Diana. "Changing the Face of Poverty: Nonprofits and the Problem of Representation." Popular Literacy: Studies in Cultural Practices and Poetics, edited by John Trimbur, U of Pittsburgh P, pp. 209-28. George examines videos for Habitat for Humanity and explores whether "reliance on stereotypes of poverty can, in fact, work against the aims of the organization producing them" (210). Or George examines videos for Habitat for Humanity and explores whether "reliance on stereotypes of poverty can, in fact, work against the aims of the organization producing them." (210)

George examines videos for Habitat for Humanity and explores whether "reliance on stereotypes of poverty can, in fact, work against the aims of the organization producing them" (210).

The student is quoting one of two works by the same author that appear in the list of works cited. Fallows, James. "Cyber Warriors." Atlantic Monthly, Mar. 2010, pp. 58-63. Some worry about a cyber threat to American security, "that organizations or individuals may be spying on, tampering with, or preparing to inflict damage on America's electronic networks" (Fallows, "Cyber" 60). Or Some worry about a cyber threat to American security, "that organizations or individuals may be spying on, tampering with, or preparing to inflict damage on America's electronic networks" ("Cyber" 60).

Some worry about a cyber threat to American security, "that organizations or individuals may be spying on, tampering with, or preparing to inflict damage on America's electronic networks" (Fallows, "Cyber" 60).

When paraphrasing a passage, which of the following guidelines should you follow to ensure that you avoid plagiarism?

Use your own words and sentence structure.

When using a quotation of five or more lines in your writing, which of these formatting rules should you follow?

Indent the entire quotation one-half inch from the left margin.

The student is quoting from "Surveillance: Taking It Downtown" by Brennan David published on March 28, 2010 in the Columbia Daily Tribune. The student accessed the article on the Web on June 9, 2010. David, Brennan. "Surveillance: Taking It Downtown." Columbia Daily Tribune, 28 Mar. 2010, www.columbiatribune.com/news/perspectives/surveillance-taking-it-downtown/article_d9197f56-2331-5d7f-9894-03efb04fe7b8.htmlLinks to an external site.. Accessed 9 June 2010. Or David, Brennan. "Surveillance: Taking It Downtown." Columbia Daily Tribune. 28 Mar. 2010. 9 June 2010.

David, Brennan. "Surveillance: Taking It Downtown." Columbia Daily Tribune, 28 Mar. 2010, www.columbiatribune.com/news/perspectives/surveillance-taking-it-downtown/article_d9197f56-2331-5d7f-9894-03efb04fe7b8.htmlLinks to an external site.. Accessed 9 June 2010.

The student is paraphrasing page 265 of Pictures at a Revolution: Five Movies and the Birth of the New Hollywood, by Mark Harris. The book was published in New York by Penguin Press, in 2008. Harris, Mark. Pictures at a Revolution: Five Movies and the Birth of the New Hollywood. Penguin, 2008. Or Harris, Mark. Pictures at a Revolution. Penguin: New York, 2008. Print.

Harris, Mark. Pictures at a Revolution: Five Movies and the Birth of the New Hollywood. Penguin, 2008.

The student is citing two books by Lawrence Lessig. One is Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy, published in New York by Penguin Press in 2008. The other is Free Culture: The Nature and Future of Creativity, also published in New York by Penguin, in 2004. Lessig, Lawrence. Free Culture: The Nature and Future of Creativity. New York: Penguin, 2004. Print.Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy. New York: Penguin, 2008. Print. Or Lessig, Lawrence. Free Culture: The Nature and Future of Creativity. Penguin, 2004.---. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy. Penguin, 2008.

Lessig, Lawrence. Free Culture: The Nature and Future of Creativity. Penguin, 2004.---. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy. Penguin, 2008.

Regressive changes in governmental tax policies the weakening of labor unions over the last quarter century have led to a significant rise in the level of inequality between the rich and the middle class. -Gregory Mantsios Mantsios counters that "regressive changes" tax policy along with a loss of influence for organized labor helped create a "significant rise in the level of inequality" between wealthy and middle-income Americans (701). Or Mantsios counters that "Regressive changes in governmental tax policies" and loss of influence for organized labor "have led to a significant rise in the level of inequality between the rich and the middle class" (701).

Mantsios counters that "regressive changes" tax policy along with a loss of influence for organized labor helped create a "significant rise in the level of inequality" between wealthy and middle-income Americans (701).

The student is quoting from page 258 of the article with the following works-cited entry. Reichert, Julie, Brian Solan, Craig Timm, and Summers Kalishman. "Narrative Medicine and Emerging Clinical Practice." Literature and Medicine, vol. 27, no. 2, 2008, pp. 248-71. Many medical students participating in the study "commented on the ways that writing helped them become more observant and thoughtful" (Reichert, Solan, Timm, and Kalishman 258). Or Many medical students participating in the study "commented on the ways that writing helped them become more observant and thoughtful" (Reichert et al. 258).

Many medical students participating in the study "commented on the ways that writing helped them become more observant and thoughtful" (Reichert et al. 258).

The student is citing a book, Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things, by William McDonough and Michael Brungart. It was published in New York by Farrar, Straus, and Giroux in 2002. McDonough, William and Michael Brungart. Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 2002. Or McDonough, William and Brungart, Michael. Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. New York: Farrar et. al, 2002. Print.

McDonough, William and Michael Brungart. Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 2002.

The student is summarizing an article, "What Does the Millennial Generation Want from a Mobile Phone?" by Stephanie Camp that appeared online in The Huffington Post on June 9, 2010. The student accessed the article on June 17, 2010. Camp, Stephanie. "What Does the Millennial Generation Want from a Mobile Phone?" Huffington Post. HuffingtonPost.com, 9 June 2010. Web. Or Camp, Stephanie. "What Does the Millennial Generation Want from a Mobile Phone?" Huffington Post, 9 June 2010, www.huffingtonpost.com/stephanie-camp/what-does-the-millennial_b_606077.htmlLinks to an external site.. Accessed 17 June 2010.

Camp, Stephanie. "What Does the Millennial Generation Want from a Mobile Phone?" Huffington Post, 9 June 2010, www.huffingtonpost.com/stephanie-camp/what-does-the-millennial_b_606077.htmlLinks to an external site.. Accessed 17 June 2010.

Original passage Most of what visitors to Pompeii see today reflects only one moment in the city's history, how it looked in A.D. 79 when it was buried by volcanic ash from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. We are now learning about the history of this block, from its beginnings more than four hundred years earlier. We can show how it was first occupied in the fourth century B.C., filled in with modest houses and workshops in the second century B.C., bombarded by a Roman army a century later, then came to be dominated by a single luxurious residence surrounded by bars and shops. Many of the questions we are asking are new ones, about the origins of the city: when its streets were laid out, how the densely packed townscape of A.D. 79 came into being, the relationships between rich and poor, and how the masses earned a living.--From Rick Jones, "Pompeii's Block of Time." Archaeology July/August 2003: 23-24. SUMMARY: Jones recounts how archaeologists are uncovering the history of a block and its residents in Pompeii from when it was first settled in the fourth century B.C. through the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79. At first the block was populated by simple homes and workshops, but it later had only one lavish home with bars and shops around it (23-24).

effective

Original passage Of all the aspects to consider when selecting a puppy, temperament, emotional stability, and effective behavior are among the most important. A playful yet calm and stable disposition is the ideal to look for in a puppy. A reserved puppy is different than a shy one. Some breeds hold themselves aloof from strangers and take a wait-and-see attitude before making direct contact. But that is not the same as shyness, which may be a behavior deficiency. The shy dog is abnormally frightened of anything unfamiliar and tries to avoid humans, animals, or change of any kind. Shyness is expressed by escape behavior, cringing, cowering, and, when all else fails, by defensive aggression. Puppies that are not curious, energetic, playful, or anxious to greet you may either be ill or have a behavior problem. Of course, puppies can also be tired when being viewed and may simply be in need of a nap.--From Mordecai Siegal, ed., University of California at Davis Book of Dogs (New York: HarperCollins, 1995), 12. SUMMARY: As the University of California at Davis Book of Dogs points out, when choosing a puppy, look most carefully at the dog's personality and how it behaves. You want a dog that plays but that can also be peaceful and steady. Avoid puppies that are fearful, inactive, and not eager to welcome you (Siegal 12).

effective