COMPREHENSION FINAL!!!

Critical thinkers analyze their assumptions. Which of the following critical thinking errors illustrates that the speaker has not analyzed his assumptions? "I don't want to see that movie—my roommate said that it was so boring she left the theater before it ended." "Men are less emotional than women—it is part of a man's basic nature to be logical rather than emotional." "How can you be a professor of psychology if you don't know the basics of the subject?" "What do you mean you don't know why I'm getting these headaches—you're a doctor, so find the problem and fix it!"

"Men are less emotional than women—it is part of a man's basic nature to be logical rather than emotional."

During sleep, periods of rapid eye movement (REM) alternate with non-REM sleep in a cycle that recurs 60 minutes 45-50 minutes 30 minutes 70-90 minutes

70-90 minutes

Ekman and his associates developed a special coding system to analyze and identify each of the nearly __________ muscles of the face, as well as the combinations of muscles associated with various emotions. 80 90 70 100

80

Glial cells make up around _______________ of the brain's cells. 25 percent 50 percent 90 percent 10 percent

90 percent

Which of the following is a leading objective test for major depression? Correct! Beck Depression Inventory Myers Briggs Inventory Thematic Apperception Test Rorschach Inkblot Test

Beck Depression Inventory

Psychology is defined as the discipline concerned with: the study of all physical stimuli that affect human sensations and perceptions. behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism's physical state, mental state, and external environment. the study of humankind and the importance of culture in explaining the diversity in human behavior. maladaptive human behaviors and cognitions that are incorporated into a person's self-worth during childhood.

Behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organisms physical state, mental state, and external environment.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major components of emotion? behavioral reactions action tendencies cognitive processes physiological changes

Behavioral reactions

Gwen and her brother Henry produce roughly the same levels of male hormones and female hormones. Given this information, it is likely that: Henry has reached puberty but Gwen has not. Gwen has reached puberty but Henry has not. Gwen and Henry have not yet reached puberty. Gwen and Henry have both reached puberty.

Gwen and Henry have not yet reached puberty.

Which of the following statements about hypnosis is correct? Hypnosis has been used successfully in anesthetizing women during childbirth. Hypnosis enables people to relive memories from infancy and early childhood. Hypnosis reduces errors in memory because hypnotized people do not confabulate. Hypnosis demonstrates that memories are accurately stored in the brain.

Hypnosis has been successfully in anesthetizing women during childbirth

Which of the following statements about hypnosis is true? Hypnosis increases the accuracy of memory. Hypnosis has been used successfully in anesthetizing people undergoing dental procedures, surgery, and childbirth. Hypnosis can be used to produce age-regression. Hypnotized people can be made to do things against their will.

Hypnosis has been used successfully in anesthetizing people undergoing dental procedures, surgery, and childbirth.

Which school of thought in psychology tried to explain how specific behaviors and mental processes help a person adapt to the environment? structuralism functionalism phrenology psychiatry

Functionalism

Abnormal _______________ levels have been implicated in convulsive disorders including epilepsy. dopamine GABA acetylcholine glutamate

GABA

Which of the following neurotransmitters functions as the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain? GABA norepinephrine glutamate acetylcholine

GABA

According to Masten, which of the following holds true for resilience? Lack of secure attachment s with parents leads to emotional problems. Most people do not recover from adversity. People with a secure attachment style do not cope with trauma. Most children outgrow early deprivation.

Most children outgrow early deprivation.

One of the culture-bound syndromes is described as extreme excitement with verbal and physical violence for up to 30 minutes and then convulsions and a short coma. Which of the following is the name of this problem? Qi-gong psychotic reaction Koro Letah Pibloktoq

Pibloktoq

_______________ is a method that attempts to explore unconscious motives and conflicts through a process of free association, in which the patient talks about his or her thoughts, dreams, and memories. Rational-emotive therapy Psychoanalysis Client-centered therapy Existential therapy

Psychoanalysis

When a patient comes in complaining of a headache, the therapist views the headache as the tip of a mental iceberg. Which type of therapy would this represent? Behavioral Existential Psychoanalytic! Cognitive

Psychoanalytic

______________ theory of dreaming has no convincing empirical support Activation-synthesis Psychoanalytic Problem-solving Cognitive

Psychoanalytic

_______________ theory of dreaming has no convincing empirical support Activation-synthesis Psychoanalytic Cognitive Problem-solving

Psychoanalytic

Which school of thought in psychology used the method of trained introspection in research studies? structuralism psychoanalysis phrenology functionalism

Structuralism

Which of the following is an important perspective in psychology of the past? the sociocultural perspective the biological perspective the structuralist perspective the psychodynamic perspective

The Structuralist Perspective

__________________, such as Valium and Xanax, increase the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Tranquilizers Lithium carbonate Antidepressants Antipsychotic drugs

Tranquilizers

_______________ is a method of stimulating brain cells used by researchers to temporarily inactivate neural circuits. Microelectrode recording Positron-emission tomography Functional magnetic resonance imaging Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

One of the culture-bound syndromes is described as brooding, followed by a violent outburst that is often precipitated by an insult. Which of the following is the name of this problem? Brain fog Dhat Amok You Answered Ghost sickness

amok

Which of the following drugs is a stimulant? amphetamines mescaline alcohol psilocybin

amphetamines

The ________ is involved in impulses to approach or withdraw from a person or situation. prefrontal cortex right hemisphere amygdala sympathetic nervous system

amygdala

The _______________ in the brain is described by some people as the brain's "fear center." limbic system cerebellum amygdala hippocampus

amygdala

Melatonin is _______________. a hormone that fluctuates on about a 90-minute cycle a hormone that is secreted largely during hours of daylight a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that triggers sleep a hormone that is secreted largely during hours of darkness

a hormone that is secreted largely during hours of darkness

Casey hears a rattling sound as she hikes through the desert. Her muscles tense, blood pressure rises, and digestion shuts down. According to Hans Selye, she is in the: exhaustion phase. alarm phase. chronic stress phase. resistance phase.

alarm phase

Which of the following is NOT a stimulant? cocaine alcohol amphetamines nicotine

alcohol

________ is an example of a depressant drug. marijuana Mescaline Alcohol Heroin

alcohol

Which of the following has been advanced as one of the biological explanations of schizophrenia? all of the above. extra dopamine receptors. brain abnormalities. genes.

all of the above

Endorphins act primarily by: altering the effects of neurotransmitters. blocking synaptic activity. functioning as neurotransmitters. causing action potentials in neurons.

altering the effects of neurotransmitters. blocking synaptic activity.

Which of the following is NOT a major component of emotion according to the text? action tendencies behavioral changes physiological changes cognitive processes

behavioral changes

Which of the following is NOT a major component of emotion according to the text? action tendencies physiological changes cognitive processes behavioral changes

behavioral changes

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major components of emotion? physiological changes action tendencies cognitive processes behavioral reactions

behavioral reactions

All of the following factors promote the development of an insecure attachment EXCEPT: being a twin. family stressors. temperament. parental rejection.

being a twin

According to Berkman Center for Internet and Society, the biggest danger to teenagers on the Internet is: pornography. sexting. bullying. predatory adults.

bullying

Taylor finds it hard to believe that her boyfriend wants to see other women after their two years of exclusive dating. She tries to banish all thoughts of him from her mind, but it doesn't seem to be work. Her strategy is not effective because: women have introspective styles of rumination and so Taylor needs more time to brood. by trying to avoid those thoughts, she is processing the thoughts more frequently. depressed people have no control over the situations that cause negative emotions. repression is unconscious, not volitional, and so Taylor cannot will it to happen.

by trying to avoid those thoughts, she is processing the thoughts more frequently

Which of the following includes the nucleus which contains genetic information and is shaped roughly like a sphere or a pyramid? cell body dendrite axon glial cell

cell body

Gina jumps with fear as she feels a hand on her shoulder while walking on a deserted path across campus. Her fear evaporates when she hears her boyfriend's voice saying, "What are you doing out so late, Gina?" What brain structure played a key role when Gina's fear evaporated? medulla amygdala hippocampus cerebral cortex

cerebral cotex

The _______________ is the largest part of the human brain. cerebrum amygdala thalamus hippocampus

cerebrum

The negative effects of ________ may show up long after birth in the increased rates of infant sickness, sudden infant death syndrome, hyperactivity, and learning difficulties. fetal alcohol syndrome cigarette smoking German measles (rubella) X-rays or other radiation

cigarette smoking

The primary method in _______ involves providing a nonjudgmental setting in which to discuss existential therapy rational-emotive behavior therapy modern psychodynamic therapies client-centered therapy

client-centered therapy

The _________ theory of dreaming suggests that dreaming is simply a continuation of our daytime thinking. problem-solving psychoanalytic cognitive activation-synthesis

cognitive

The _____________________school of therapy has, as one of its primary goals, modification of irrational or invalidated beliefs. humanist cognitive psychoalaysis behavioral

cognitive

The common effects of heroin are _______________. sedation, reduced tension, and reduced anxiety slowed reaction time, reduced ability to store new memories or to retrieve old ones, and poor coordination exhilaration, visions and hallucinations, and insightful experiences euphoria and relief from pain

euphoria and relief from pain

Which of the following is one of the eight essential critical-thinking guidelines? practice emotional reasoning intolerance for uncertainty accept generalizations examine evidence

examine evidence

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of mania? Extreme euphoria Excess rumination Impulsive behavior Feelings of power

excess rumination

_______________ therapists may create a genogram to look for patterns of behavior across generations. Behavior Humanist Family Cognitive

family

Which of the following is NOT a behavior therapy? Skills training Flooding Exposure Correct! Family-system perspective

family system perpective

Which of the following is NOT a behavioral therapy? skills training family-systems perspective exposure flooding

family-systems perspective

Maria has worked as a file clerk for 17 years. Which aspect of the job is likely to be most stressful for her? the attention to many details the speed of the work the daily demands from her boss feeling trapped

feeling trapped

_______________ is a psychological approach that analyzes the influence of social inequities on gender relations and on the behavior of the two sexes. Applied Basic Feminist Behavioral

feminist

Two teen-aged boys get into a fistfight at school. When several girls start paying attention to the boys, their fight seems to intensify. A psychologist trained in the functionalist perspective would lay emphasis on: finding why the fight intensified when the boys gained attention from girls. the basic elements of the boys' feelings and sensations in the presence of girls. the bumps on the heads of most boys devoted to "aggression." whether the boys had experienced childhood traumas that unconsciously cause aggression.

finding why the fight intensified when the boys gained attention from girls.

Research on social supports indicates that: truly loving family and friends provide social support and don't cause unhappiness, stress, and anger in the lives of their loved ones. social support comforts lonely individuals dealing with stressful circumstances, but it does not affect the individual's immune system. firefighters' heart rates and cortisol levels return to normal more quickly through the mere presence of a reassuring friend. older people who have cats as companions tend to visit medical clinics less often than their peers who have dogs.

firefighters' heart rates and cortisol levels return to normal more quickly through the mere presence of a reassuring friend.

Another name for exposure treatment is ! flooding successive approximation. systematic desensitization. aversive conditioning.

flooding

Behavioral therapists would agree that ________________may be useful in treating a psychological disorder. flooding early memories transference free association

flooding

Rhona's therapist is attempting to treat her agoraphobia by riding the subway with her. The therapist is most likely doing this as part of a treatment known as: systematic desensitization rational-emotive behavioral therapy. flooding. transference.

flooding

Which of the following is NOT an element of psychodynamic therapy? dream analysis free association flooding transference

flooding

________ is the capacity for deductive reasoning and the ability to use new information to solve Cognitive ability Crystallized intelligence Fluid intelligence IQ

fluid intelligence

In addition to confession, another important way of letting go of negative emotions is: revenge. forgiveness. absolution. emotional ignorance

forgiveness

According to Piaget, the last stage of a child's cognitive development is the ________ stage. formal operations concrete operations preoperational sensorimotor

formal operations

There are ______ stages of NREM sleep. six five three four

four

Judith is startled when her six-year-old daughter, Laura, sleepwalks into the family room and begins to talk. Which stage of the sleep cycle is Laura experiencing? first tenth third fourth

fourth

The _______________ is a psychological approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception, memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behavior. learning perspective sociocultural perspective biological perspective cognitive perspective

cognitive perspective

What type of therapy is most effective for the treatment of depression? humanist therapy cognitive therapy behavior therapy psychodynamic therapy

cognitive therapy

Julius Segal, a psychologist who worked with Holocaust survivors, wrote that a key element in their recovery was: pursuing revenge against those who supported Hitler. venting their emotions, over and over again. trying to put the horror-filled images out of their minds. compassion, that is, healing by helping others.

compassion, that is, healing by helping others.

Checking the furnace repeatedly before one can sleep and washing one's hands many times in one hour are examples of obsessions. superstitions. compulsions. phobias.

compulsions.

Individuals suffering from antisocial personality disorder are often charming and can by lightly succesful psychotherapists. business executives. actors. con men.

con men

When one-year-old Olivia is placed on an ambiguous visual cliff, she looks at her mom's reassuring face. Olivia is most likely to: begin crying. smile back at mom, but refuse to cross. lift her arms to be held. cross the cliff.

cross the cliff

Sleep deprivation can result a(n) _______________. decline in cortisol levels increased muscle pain and lack of coordination decline of hormones necessary for a proper immune system euphoria, excitation and feelings of energy

decline of hormone necessary for a proper immune system

Jeff is writing a term paper on the role of melatonin. He decides to emphasize the important role that this hormone plays in regard to: one's response to drugs, such as caffeine and nicotine. the physical changes in females at puberty. the physical changes males experience at puberty. Correct! daily biological rhythms and sleep.

daily biological rhythms and sleep

James refuses to complete his homework and insists that he be given a candy immediately. James's father tells him that he would get a whole box of candies if he finished his homework. James decides that he wanted the entire box and completes his homework. By agreeing to wait for the candy box, James is exhibiting ________. power assertion delayed gratification aggressive behavior reduced empathy

delayed gratification

In their research studies, contemporary psychologists rely heavily upon: phrenology. empirical evidence. anecdotes from personal experience. case descriptions.

empirical evidence

Chemical substances in the nervous system that are similar in structure and in action to opiates are: aminobutyric acids. endorphins. neurotransmitters. hormones.

endorphins

The HPA axis is a system activated to: energize the body to respond to stressors. carry messages from special receptors in the skin to the brain. relax the body and help it conserve energy. control the sensory and motor nerves.

energize the body to respond to stressors

________ provides the energy of an emotion, that familiar tingle, excitement, and sense of animation. Norepinephrine Melatonin Epinephrine Dopamine

epinephrine

Most manic episodes alternate with episodes of depression. periods of elation. obsessive-compulsive episodes. panic attacks.

episodes of depression

Which of the following is typically NOT considered to be a primary emotion? sadness anger fear jealousy

jealousy

Magnetic resonance imaging allows a scientist to: detect electrical activity within a single cell. tell us precisely what is happening physiologically inside a person's head. know what the brain looks like. study the consumption of glucose in different regions of the brain.

know what the brain looks like

The _______________ perspective of psychology focuses on the environmental rewards and punishers that maintain or discourage specific behaviors. sociocultural psychodynamic cognitive learning

learning

Violent role models can influence some children to behave aggressively. Which of the following psychological perspectives is this an example of? biological perspective sociocultural perspective cognitive perspective learning perspective

learning perspective

Linguistic and analytic skills are handled by the: left half of your brain right half of your brain. front half of your brain. back half of your brain.

left half of your brain

People with high alcohol sensitivity are: less likely to drink to excess likely to drink in excess. show tremendous withdrawal symptoms shown to have a highly active enzyme metabolizing alcohol.

less likely to drink to excess

People with high alcohol sensitivity are: less likely to drink to excess likely to drink in excess. show tremendous withdrawal symptoms shown to have a highly active enzyme metabolizing alcohol.

less likely to drink to excess

When injury or disease affects the brain's functioning: life is inevitably changed, either physically or mentally. cognition is adversely affected, though personality traits are rarely affected. personality is adversely affected, though cognition usually remains unaffected. brain cells are restored within hours of the injury.

life is inevitably changed, either physically or mentally

People suffering from bipolar disorder often are helped by taking _______________, which may produce its effects by protecting brain cells from being overstimulated by another neurotransmitter, glutamate. lithium carbonate a tranquilizer an antidepressant an antipsychotic drug

lithium carbonate

The drug of choice for treating bipolar disorder is: lithium. Xanax. Wellbutrin. Prozac.

lithium.

The specialization of particular brain areas for particular roles is called: bicameralism. localization of function. emotional lateralization. phrenology.

localization of function

Which of the following cannot be considered a part of a neuron? dendrite cell body neurotransmitter axon

neurotransmitter

Most psychoactive drugs produce their effects primarily by acting on: hormones. the autonomic nervous system. the hypothalamus. neurotransmitters.

neurotransmitters

Most psychoactive drugs produce their effects primarily by acting on: the autonomic nervous system the hypothalamus hormones Correct! neurotransmitters

neurotransmitters

Receptor sites on the membrane of a neuron's dendrites receive: negative potassium ions. Correct! neurotransmitters. synaptic vesicles. action potentials.

neurotransmitters

Which of the following neurotransmitters affects neurons involved in learning, dreaming, and waking from sleep? dopamine serotonin acetylcholine norepinephrine

norepinephrine

Joey experiences a continuous state of uncontrollable worry and tension. Most of the time, he feels jittery and breathless, even though he doesn't drink coffee. According to the DSM, this disorder is called: agoraphobia. panic attack. posttraumatic stress disorder. generalized anxiety disorder.

generalized anxiety disorder.

Will you sink into complacency and selfishness, or will you experience the pleasure of creativity and renewal? According to Erik Erikson, this is the crisis of: Correct! generativity versus stagnation. ego integrity versus despair. identity versus role confusion. initiative versus guilt.

generativity versus stagnation.

Which of the following drugs is an opiate? psilocybin LSD mescaline heroin

heroin

In many of the people who continue to suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder, the ________ is significantly smaller than in those people who recover from the trauma. hippocampus hypothalamus thalamus amygdala

hippocampus

Elizabeth thinks she is Madonna. When she speaks she often does not make any sense at all and at imes she appears to be talking to herself. She is experiencing catatonic symptoms of schizophrenia. positive symptoms of schizophrenia negative symptoms of schizophrenia. emotional flatness.

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Fear and anger, sadness and joy are generally considered to be _________emotions. secondary primary tertiary conditioned

primary

Fear and anger, sadness and joy are generally considered to be _________emotions. secondary tertiary conditioned primary

primary

Psychological tests used to infer motives, conflicts, and unconscious dynamics on the basis of a person's interpretations of ambiguous stimuli are called: projective tests. inventories. objective tests. clinical judgment tests.

projective tests.

________ emotions are reflected in the emotion words that young children learn first: happy, sad, attributional prototypical primary secondary

prototypical

The primary purpose of the DSM is to: keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum. Correct! provide descriptive criteria for diagnosing mental disorders. help psychologists assess normal, as well as abnormal, behavior. describe the causes of common psychological disorders.

provide descriptive criteria for diagnosing mental disorders.

A _________ drug causes disruption of normal thought processes such as the perception of time and space. depressant stimulant psychoactive psychedelic

psychedelic

A _______________ drug causes disruption of normal thought processes such as the perception of time and space. depressant psychedelic stimulant psychoactive

psychedelic

During his lecture on dream theories, Professor Hundt evaluates the dream theories. He points out that the interpretations are often far-fetched in the _______________ theory. cognitive problem-focused Correct! psychoanalytic activation-synthesis

psychoanalytic

There is no convincing empirical support for the _______ theory of dreaming. opiate psychedelic cognitive psychoanalytic

psychoanalytic

_______________ theory of dreaming has no convincing empirical support Cognitive Psychoanalytic Problem-solving Activation-synthesis

psychoanalytic

Projective tests are based on: behavioral assumptions. psychodynamic assumptions. social-cognitive learning assumptions. humanist assumptions.

psychodynamic assumptions.

Which of the following is NOT related to resilience in children? Traits such as self-efficacy and high self-esteem Support by caring adults Reactive temperament Easygoing temperament

reactive temperament

"It's too bad my car was damaged by the tree that fell on it during the hurricane, but now I can get that new car I've wanted since long." This is an example of: reappraising the situation. learning from the experience. making social comparisons. cultivating a sense of humor.

reappraising the situation

There are some problems that cannot be solved, but we can change the way we think about the problem. What coping method is being used when a person says, "Well, I may have lost my accounting job, but I always did want a chance to work with people, and now I can find a job that allows me to do that"? cultivating a sense of humor making social comparisons reappraising the situation learning from the experience

reappraising the situation

There are some problems that cannot be solved, but we can change the way we think about the problem. What coping method is being used when a person says, "Well, I may have lost my accounting job, but I always did want a chance to work with people, and now I can find a job that allows me to do that"? cultivating a sense of humor reappraising the situation making social comparisons learning from the experience

reappraising the situation

Which of the following is primarily a function of the right hemisphere? linguistic skills recognizing faces analytical skills understanding technical material

recognizing faces

Endorphins have effects similar to those of natural opiates, that is, they: reduce pain but also reduce pleasure. flatten mood and emotional expression. heighten pain and reduce pleasure. reduce pain and promote pleasure

reduce pain and promote pleasure

Moderate alcohol consumption can _______________. cause diabetes reduce risk of heart attack and stroke increase longevity reduce risk of cancer

reduce risk of heart attack and stroke

Empirical findings are those that: characterize an entire set of research data. compare subjects of different ages at a given time. Correct! rely on observation, experimentation, or measurement. are conducted in a field setting outside of a laboratory.

rely on observation, experimentation, or measurement.

_______________ is the aspect of psychology least recognized and understood by the public, according to Ludy Benjamin. Research Therapy Teaching Consulting

research

Markesia's body is mobilized to fight off the flu and she is annoyed by minor frustrations that she can usually shake off. According to Hans Selye, she is in the: chronic stress phase. phase. exhaustion phase. alarm phase.

resistance phase

The ________ is important for recognizing emotional expressions and processing emotional tone. sympathetic nervous system amygdala right hemisphere prefrontal cortex

right hemisphere

Having a genetic disposition toward impulsivity, addiction, hyperactivity; being neglected or rejected by parents; having a history of physical abuse or birth complications are all foundations for any mental disorder. paths to dissociative disorders. contributors to mood disorders. risk factors for antisocial personality disorder.

risk factors for antisocial personality disorder

The process by which a neuron gets its message across the synaptic cleft to another cell is best likened to: fire traveling along the fuse of a firecracker. dead tree limbs being pruned from a tree. the brief change in electrical voltage when a hair dryer is turned on. sailors carrying a message from one island to another.

sailors carrying a message from one island to another.

Which of the following emotions is a prototypical emotion? love shame scared compassion

scared

The brain's most startling accomplishment is its: transmission of information quickly and accurately between the hemispheres. self-awareness of its own different capabilities and knowledge. ability to maintain heart rate and breathing for years on end. production of dopamine to prevent the development of Parkinson's disease.

self-awareness of its own different capabilities and knowledge.

In the ________ stage, the infant learns through concrete actions: looking, touching, putting things in the preoperational concrete operations formal operations Correct! sensorimotor

sensorimotor

Object permanence develops during the ________ stage. concrete operations Correct! sensorimotor preoperational formal operations

sensorimotor

After greeting her relatives at the airport, Joey's mother leaves him with his grandmother and gets the luggage. Eight-month-old Joey becomes fearful of the stranger holding him and begins to wail. This distress would be an example of: insecure attachment. sensorimotor thinking. avoidant attachment. separation anxiety.

seperation anxiety

The levels of the neurotransmitter _______________ will increase in the human body after having a high-carbohydrate, no-protein meal. GABA acetylcholine serotonin dopamine

serotonin

Which of the following chemicals in the nervous system is considered a neurotransmitter? testosterone progesterone melatonin serotonin

serotonin

_______________ is picked up from the synaptic cleft after it has been released by its collector and transported back to the neuron for recycling. Melatonin Serotonin Oxytocin Dopamine

serotonin

Ekman and his colleagues gathered evidence supporting the universality of _________facial expressions of emotion. five nine six seven

seven

Electroconvulsive therapy has been used successfully to treat _______________ that has not responded to other treatments, but the effects are short lived. severe depression schizophrenia obsessive-compulsive disorder bipolar disorder

severe depression

According to Ekman, which of the following is NOT one of the universal facial expressions? contempt shame fear disgust

shame

The only sense that completely bypasses the thalamus in the brain is the sense of: smell. touch. vision. taste.

smell

______________ focus on how groups affect attitudes and behavior, why people obey authority, and how each of us is affected by other people—spouses, lovers, friends, bosses, parents, and strangers. Cognitive researchers Biological psychologists Learning theorists Social psychologists

social psychologists

Which of the following is NOT one of the definitions of mental disorder? violation of cultural standards lack of self-control statistical deviation emotional distress

statistical deviation

_______________ drugs can cause convulsions, heart failure, and death when taken in large doses Psychedelic Stimulant Depressant Opiate

stimulant

Research on anxiety disorders has indicated that: in order to experience a generalized anxiety disorder, a person must have lived through a specific anxiety-producing event. Correct Answer stress symptoms are normal in the immediate aftermath of any crisis or trauma. the majority of people who live through a traumatic experience continue to have posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms for many years. if psychic numbing and a sense of detachment from others persist for six weeks after a trauma, then posttraumatic stress disorder is diagnosed.

stress symptoms are normal in the immediate aftermath of any crisis or trauma.

A person is asked to listen to the clicking of a metronome and then to report exactly what she heard. Which of the following schools of psychology is this research most likely a part of? functionalism psychoanalysis structuralism

structuralism

A person is asked to listen to the clicking of a metronome and then to report exactly what she heard. Which of the following schools of psychology is this research most likely a part of? psychoanalysis behaviorism structuralism functionalism

structuralism

_______________ involved the analysis of the basic elements or building blocks of the mind. A.Structuralism B. Behaviorism C.Humanism D. Functionalism

structuralism

Which of the following is an important perspective in psychology of the past? the structuralist perspective the sociocultural perspective the biological perspective the psychodynamic perspective

structuralist perspective

The forerunners of psychology developed the theory of phrenology which in Greek means: a map of behavior. study of the mind. a map of thoughts. study of mental diseases.

study of the mind

The most important androgen is: estrogen. testosterone. androgen. progesterone.

testosterone

The "think-drink" effect is related to _______________. the belief that a drink contains alcohol. the reason a person drinks. the actual alcoholic content of a drink. social pressures to drink when others are drinking.

the belief that a drink contains alcohol

The two dominant approaches to understanding addiction and drug abuse are: the cultural model and the psychodynamic model. the humanist model and the biological model. the objective model and the psychodynamic model. the biological model and the learning model.

the biological model and the learning model.

Which modern psychological perspective focuses on bodily events and their effects on behavior, feelings, and thoughts? the biological perspective the psychodynamic perspective the evolutionary perspective the cognitive perspective

the biological perspective

Which modern psychological perspective is evolutionary psychology a part of? the biological perspective the sociocultural perspective the psychodynamic perspective the cognitive perspective

the biological perspective

Which modern psychological perspective is evolutionary psychology a part of? the psychodynamic perspective the cognitive perspective the sociocultural perspective the biological perspective

the biological perspective

Developmental psychologists, neuroscientists, social psychologists, and others claim that: adolescents should be considered as adults in the eyes of the law as soon as they have completed high school adolescents who commit violent crimes should be tried as adults because their cognitive abilities are fully developed. the brain is not fully mature until the early to mid-twenties, so adolescents should not be held fully responsible for their behavior. changes in the brain, such as development of the cerebellum and the hypothalamus, do not occur until adulthood.

the brain is not fully mature until the early to mid-twenties, so adolescents should not be held fully responsible for their behavior.

REM sleep has been called "paradoxical sleep" because _______________. the brain is very active, yet the body is entirely inactive the eyes are open, though the person remains asleep colorful dreams occur, in contrast to the black-and-white dreams of NREM sleep the body is very active and restless, but the brain is very inactive

the brain is very active, yet the body is entirely inactive the eyes are open, though the person remains asleep

Which approach to dreaming suggests that our dreams are simply a modification of the thinking that goes on when we are awake? Correct! the cognitive approach the activation-synthesis approach the psychoanalytic approach the problem-focused approach

the cognitive approach

Which modern psychological perspective focuses on how people reason, remember, understand language, and solve problems? the learning perspective the sociocultural perspective the cognitive perspective the psychodynamic perspective

the cognitive perspective

What is the most important factor contributing to success in therapy? an ethnic match between therapist and client a motivated client a match between type of therapy and type of problem Correct! the therapeutic alliance

the therapeutic alliance

Humanist therapists would agree that _______________ is useful in treating psychological disorders. transference flooding Correct! unconditional positive regard free association

unconditional positive regard

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to the scientist-practitioner gap? the rise of professional schools proliferation of new therapies a lack of empirical assessment of therapy Correct! unequal salaries of academic and applied psychologists

unequal salaries of academic and applied psychologists

Dopamine affects: intestinal activity during stress. voluntary movements. sleep. heart rate during stress.

voluntary movements

The common effects of caffeine are _______________. euphoria, excitation, boost of energy, and suppressed appetite mood variation from alertness to calmness depending on mental set, setting, and prior arousal slowed reaction time, tension, depression, reduced ability to store new memories or to retrieve old ones, poor coordination wakefulness, alertness, and a shortened reaction time

wakefulness, alertness, and a shortened reaction time

The first week of college is difficult for Drew because his best friend is attending college in another state. His roommate says, "Don't worry, Drew, absence makes the heart grow fonder." Drew bases his response on a chapter he just read in his psychology textbook, saying: "That doesn't help much. That saying was derived from empirical research and cannot be applied to everyday life." "Yes, it is obvious from psychological research that common sense sayings are always accurate when put to the tests of science." "Thanks for reminding me! Research almost always confirms the accuracy of common sense sayings." "Common sense sayings often contradict one another. Do you remember the saying, "out of sight, out of mind"?

"Common sense sayings often contradict one another. Do you remember the saying, "out of sight, out of mind"?

The first week of college is difficult for Drew because his best friend is attending college in another state. His roommate says, "Don't worry, Drew, absence makes the heart grow fonder." Drew bases his response on a chapter he just read in his psychology textbook, saying: "Yes, it is obvious from psychological research that common sense sayings are always accurate when put to the tests of science." "Common sense sayings often contradict one another. Do you remember the saying, "out of sight, out of mind"? "Thanks for reminding me! Research almost always confirms the accuracy of common sense sayings." "That doesn't help much. That saying was derived from empirical research and cannot be applied to everyday life."

"Common sense sayings often contradict one another. Do you remember the saying, "out of sight, out of mind"?

Which of the following attitudes would be most likely to result in lowered stress? "I can't change the past, but I can try to change what happens next." "Having this heart attack was all my fault for not taking better care of myself!" "Why is it always me that has such bad luck?" "The true tolerance is to tolerate the intolerable."

"I can't change the past, but I can try to change what happens next."

Which of the following would be an example of "argument by anecdote"? "What evidence is there to support your claim?" "That is my opinion and nothing is going to change my mind." "My gut feeling is that it isn't the right time to get married." "I don't want to see that movie, because my best friend says that it is terrible."

"I don't want to see that movie, because my best friend says that it is terrible."

Children begin to name objects at about the age of: 2 years. 3 years. 12 months. 3 months.

12 months.

On an average, REM sleep periods last about _______________. 30 minutes. Correct Answer 20 minutes. 5 minutes. 90 minutes.

20 minutes

Most children develop a secure gender identity at ________ years of age. 4 or 5 10 or 11 7 or 8 1 or 2

4 or 5

Infants begin to alter their behavior in response to adult facial expressions at about _________old. 18 months 9 months 6 months 12 months

6 months

Most children become wary or fearful of strangers between the ages of: 2 to 3 months. 6 to 8 months. 10 to 12 months 4 to 6 months.

6 to 8 months.

Which of the following scenarios describes traditional psychoanalysis? The analyst challenges the person whenever a thought or interpretation is irrational or misguided. A person comes in complaining of a symptom, but the therapist does not get around to talking about the symptom for months or even years. The analyst probes the person's unconscious, formulates the main issue regarding the symptom, and focuses on the recurring problem. A person who is trying to avoid thinking of a traumatic event is asked to imagine it over and over and over, until it is no longer a powerful unconscious force.

A person comes in complaining of a symptom, but the therapist does not get around to talking about the symptom for months or even years.

Which of the following is an exception to critical-thinking guidelines? ask questions and be willing to wonder examine the evidence define your terms accept all opinions as equally valid

Accept all opinions as equally valid

Which of the following is true of adolescent psychology? Adolescents find parental punishment to be more devastating than being rejected by their peers. Adolescents do not face mood swings and depression. Adolescents are highly influenced by peers in adolescence because they represent the values and style of the generation that teenagers identify with. Adolescents are influenced by their parents and they avoid conflicts with their parents

Adolescents are highly influenced by peers in adolescence because they represent the values and style of the generation that teenagers identify with.

________ refers to a time in middle childhood when the adrenal glands begin producing the adrenal hormone DHEA and other hormones that affect cognitive and social development. Puberty Adrenarche Menarche Adolescence

Adrenarche

_______________ would be most likely to challenge the client's thoughts directly, showing him why certain thoughts are irrational and misguided. Aaron Beck Sigmund Freud Albert Ellis Carl Rogers

Albert Ellis

In the United States, the group at highest risk of suicide is: African-American women. Caucasian women. American Indian men. African American men.

American Indian men

Which of the following does NOT support the cognitive approach to dreaming? As cognitive abilities change during childhood, dreams do not change. As the brain matures, the nature of dreaming changes. The dreams of young children do not have true narratives until age 7 or 8. Sensory deprivation results in daytime thoughts much like dreaming.

As cognitive abilities change during childhood, dreams do not change.

Which of the following does NOT support the cognitive approach to dreaming? Correct! As cognitive abilities change during childhood, dreams do not change. As the brain matures, the nature of dreaming changes. Sensory deprivation results in daytime thoughts much like dreaming. The dreams of young children do not have true narratives until age 7 or 8.

As cognitive abilities change during childhood, dreams do not change.

Which of the following holds true for people in their old age? As people get older, most become better able to regulate negative feelings and emphasize the positive. People who have challenging occupations lose their cognitive abilities. The frequency of intense negative emotions is highest at the age of 65. Cognitive enrichment can prevent most cases of serious cognitive decline and dementia.

As people get older, most become better able to regulate negative feelings and emphasize the positive.

_______________ is the study of psychological issues for the sake of knowledge rather than for its practical application. Applied psychology Clinical psychology Educational psychology Basic Psychology

Basic Psychology

_______________ is the study of psychological issues for the sake of knowledge rather than for its practical application. Applied psychology Clinical psychology Educational psychology CorreBasic Psychologyct!

Basic Psychology

________ is a mood depression in which episodes of both depression and mania occur. Correct! Bipolar disorder Borderline personality disorder Antisocial personality disorder Psychotic disorder

Bipolar disorder

Which of the following is a primary emotion? anger hate anxiety love

anger

Which of the following is a humanist therapist? Aaron Beck Carl Rogers Sigmund Freud Albert Ellis

Carl Rogers

Suzi and her boyfriend Clint both see marriage in their future, unfortunately they are not in agreement regarding the timing of the event. Whether they are getting married in one year or three years is of great emotional importance to both of them. Suzi tends to express these matters to others whereas Clint tends to suppress his feelings. It is likely that: Clint's way of dealing with his feelings is likely to require physical effort that is stressful to the body. Suzi and Clint will both have elevated levels of circulating white blood cells while they make this Suzi's way of dealing with her feelings is likely to require physical effort that is stressful to the body. Clint will develop a peptic ulcer if the decision is not made within six months or Clint will be prone to high levels of adrenalin.

Clint's way of dealing with his feelings is likely to require physical effort that is stressful to the body.

_______________ is a process, during sleep, by which recently stored memories Reinforcement Encoding Preservation Consolidation

Consolidation

Which of the following is an INCORRECT match? Social phobia—fear of situations in which people will be observed by others Generalized anxiety disorder—continuing sense of doom and worry Correct Answer Compulsion—recurrent, persistent, unwished-for images and thoughts You Answered Agoraphobia—fear of fear, fear of being trapped in public

Compulsion—recurrent, persistent, unwished-for images and thoughts

Facial feedback is defined as: a state of arousal involving facial and bodily changes, brain activation, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, and tendencies toward action, all shaped by cultural rules. Correct! the process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed. a set of social and cultural rules that regulate when, how, and where a person may express (or must suppress) emotions. an irrational aspect of our mammalian heritage that no longer has an adaptive function in human behavior.

Correct! the process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed.

________ is a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that elevates blood sugar and protects the body's tissues in case of injury. Insulin Norepinephrine Adrenaline Cortisol

Cortisol

Critical thinking requires: the knowledge that all opinions are created equal. low tolerance for uncertainty. both psychological and emotional reasoning. creativity for creating alternative explanations.

Creativity for creating alternative explanations

Which of the following statements is true of schizophrenia with regard to prenatal problems? Maternal diabetes and emotional stress do not contribute to schizophrenia. Correct! Damage to the fetus may occur if the mother gets the flu virus during the first four months of prenatal development. Children with low birth weight have reduced risks of schizophrenia. Malnourishment of the mother does not affect the fetus.

Damage to the fetus may occur if the mother gets the flu virus during the first four months of prenatal development

_______________ waves are occasionally emitted by the brain in the third stage of non-REM sleep Delta waves Beta waves Gamma waves Alpha waves

Delta waves

Ryan is a schizophrenic person. He often mixes up words and ends up talking things which make no sense. Which symptom of schizophrenia is Ryan exhibiting? Hallucinations Disorganized, incoherent speech Rumination Grossly disorganized and inappropriate behavior

Disorganized, incoherent speech Rumination

________ are social and cultural rules that regulate when, how, and where a person may express (or suppress) emotions. Display rules Legislative rules Emotional laws Facial laws

Display rules

In almost all states, a _______________ is required to obtain a license to practice clinical psychology. medical degree master's degree certificate from a psychoanalytic institute doctorate

Doctorate

In America, Wilhelm Wundt's ideas were popularized by one of his students, _______________, who gave Wundt's approach the name "structuralism." Sigmund Freud William James John Watson E.B. Titchener

E.B. Titchener

n America, Wilhelm Wundt's ideas were popularized by one of his students, _______________, who gave Wundt's approach the name "structuralism." E.B. Titchener William James Sigmund Freud

E.B. Titchener

Balthazar's depression is being treated through a procedure in which electrodes are placed on both sides of his head and a brief current is turned on. The current triggers a seizure that lasts about a minute, causing his body to convulse. His treatment is known as: ECT. MAO. SSRI. PET.

ECT

Dr. McClelland is studying patterns of electrical activity in the brain which is being translated into wavy lines on a screen. Which method is she most likely to be using? functional MRIs EEGs PET scans TMS

EEGs

_______________ is a state of arousal involving facial and bodily changes, brain activation, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, and tendencies toward action, all shaped by cultural rules. Galvanic skin response Body language An attribution Emotion

Emotion

Which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia would not be relieved by antipsychotic drugs? The duration of schizophrenic episodes Agitation Delusions Emotional flatness

Emotional flatness

The dissociation theory of hypnosis was proposed by: Allan Hobson. Rosalind Cartwright. Nathaniel Kleitman. Ernest Hilgard.

Ernest Hilgard

________ is the process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed. Mood contagion Facial feedback Primary emotional response Reaction formation

Facial feedback

Which of the following holds true for gender socialization? Parents believe that boys are better at English. Gender socialization begins at the moment of birth. Parents respond in the same way to a child irrespective of its sex. Parents believe that boys and girls have similar abilities.

Gender socialization begins at the moment of birth

The first psychological laboratory was officially established by Wilhelm Wundt in: America. China. Germany. Holland.

Germany

Which of the following statements best summarizes Erik Erikson's theory? Personality is formed by the time a child turns five or six years old. Stage theories are adequate in capturing life's developmental changes. Adult development is characterized by transitions and milestones. Eight inevitable crises must be resolved as one moves through life.

Hight inevitable crises must be resolved as one moves through life

An important movement in psychology that emerged in the 1960s and rejected psychoanalysis and behaviorism was: the feminist movement. structuralism. the evolutionary perspective. humanism

Humanism

_______________ therapists focus on the inner, private self that exists beneath the external masks we present to the world. Humanist Family Behavior Cognitive

Humanist

Which of the following statements about hypnosis is correct? Hypnosis demonstrates that memories are accurately stored in the brain. Hypnosis enables people to relive memories from infancy and early childhood. Hypnosis reduces errors in memory because hypnotized people do not confabulate. Hypnosis has been used successfully in anesthetizing women during childbirth.

Hypnosis has been used successfully in anesthetizing women during childbirth.

Which of the following statements about hypnosis is true? Correct! Hypnosis has been used successfully in anesthetizing people undergoing dental procedures, surgery, and childbirth. Hypnotized people can be made to do things against their will. Hypnosis increases the accuracy of memory. Hypnosis can be used to produce age-regression.

Hypnosis has been used successfully in anethestizing people undergoing dental procedures, surgery, and childbirth.

Which of the following statements is true regarding sex differences in the brain? In women, better memory is associated with the left-hemisphere amygdala and vice-versa. Differences in the brain structures of men and women always account for the differences in their behavior across situations. Men and women differ in intuition, abilities, and traits due to differences in brain structures. Behavioral differences in males and females are always caused by the differences in their brain structures.

In women, better memory is associated with the left-hemisphere amygdala and vice-versa.

Which of the following outcomes is associated with maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy? Mental retardation, blindness, and other physical disorders Defects in the eyes, ears, and heart Increased likelihood of miscarriage, prematurity, and low birth weight Attention problems and lower IQ

Increased likelihood of miscarriage, prematurity, and low birth weight

Michelle pinches her younger brother Colin. Colin begins to weep loudly. Michelle's mother explains to her that it was wrong of her to pinch Colin as it hurts him. Michelle realizes her mistake and apologizes. Which parenting method can be observed in this example? Maltreatment Induction Self-control Power assertion

Induction

Which of the following statements is true of insecure attachment? Insecurely attached infants cry when they are separated from their mothers. Mothers who are uncomfortable with or insensitive to their babies create securely attached infants. Insecure children are not angry with their mothers.

Insecurely attached infants cry when they are separated from their mothers.

Alcoholism is more likely to occur in: Greece. Ireland. Italy. France.

Ireland

Which of the following is NOT one of the criticisms of the DSM? It confounds serious "mental disorders" with normal problems in living. It gives illusion of objectivity. It may foster overdiagnosis and self-fulfilling prophecies. Its heavy emphasis on theory may alienate clinicians from different perspectives.

Its heavy emphasis on theory may alienate clinicians from different perspectives.

James has been sleeping for about 90 minutes when his brain shows rapid, irregular waves. His blood pressure rises, his heart rate increases, and his skeletal muscles go limp. Which of the following is the most likely conclusion? James is experiencing physiological changes that are normal for the third stage of sleep. James is experiencing unusual sleep because earlier he engaged in strenuous physical activities. James is chronically sleep-deprived and his sleep, like his daytime activities, is abnormal. James is experiencing physiological changes that are normal during paradoxical sleep.

James is experiencing physiological changes that are normal during paradoxical sleep.

According to the anti-innate-module school, which of the following holds true for human language? Grammar is the primary determinant of a language's linguistic structure. Language is a cultural tool, comparable to the physical tools that people have invented in adapting to different physical and cultural environments. Major differences between the world's languages can be explained by a universal grammar since grammar is the primary component of any language. Experience and culture have no role in language development.

Language is a cultural tool, comparable to the physical tools that people have invented in adapting to different physical and cultural environments.

________ proposed that children's ability to understand right and wrong developed right along with the rest of their cognitive abilities, and progressed through three levels. Carl Rogers Lawrence Kohlberg Noam Chomsky Carl Jung

Lawrence Kohlberg

_______________ must be given in exactly the right dose because too little will not help people who suffer from bipolar disorder and too much is toxic. Antidepressants Antipsychotic drugs Lithium carbonate Tranquilizers

Lithium carbonate

Which of the following statements is true of menopause? Menopause does not cause depression and other negative emotional reactions. Many women look at menopause with a negative viewpoint. Menopause produces physical symptoms in many women as the vascular system adjusts to the decrease in estrogen. Women remain fertile even after menopause.

Menopause produces physical symptoms in many women as the vascular system adjusts to the decrease in estrogen.

Which of the following statements holds true for the middle years? People in their middle years do not have a clear idea about their remaining years Middle years are often a time of reflection and reassessment. People do not have any regrets about their life. The crises occurring in the middle ages are related to aging.

Middle years are often a time of reflection and reassessment

The _______________ was the forerunner of modern cognitive therapies and made efforts to correct the false ideas that were said to make people anxious, depressed, and unhappy. Mind Cure movement functional movement white revolution industrial revolution

Mind Cure Movement

A difference between the great thinkers of history and today's psychologists is that: A. modern psychologists want to know how people take in information through their senses and use that information to solve problems. B. modern psychologists wonder whether emotion controls us or is something we can control. C. modern psychologists rely heavily on empirical evidence. D. modern psychologists want to describe, predict, understand, and modify behavior.

Modern Psychologists rely heavily on empirical evidence

Delta waves are characterized of: paradoxical sleep NREM sleep REM Sleep waking

NREM sleep

Delta waves are characteristic of: REM sleep. waking. NREM sleep. paradoxical sleep.

NREM sleep.

________ is a combination of excessive self-regard and a lack of empathy or interest in others. Narcissism Self-esteem Entitlement Cynicism

Narcissism

_______________ are the brain's communication specialists, transmitting information to, from, and within the central nervous system. Hormones Glial cells Neurotransmitters Neurons

Neurons

Which of the following research findings regarding cognitive development is NOT a challenge to Piaget's Babies seem to understand basic principles of physics during the first year of life. Cognitive development depends on the child's education and culture. Cognitive abilities develop in overlapping waves rather than in discrete steps. New reasoning abilities depend on the emergence of previous abilities.

New reasoning abilities depend on the emergence of previous abilities.

During the night, two types of sleep alternate with each other; they are _______________. Correct! REM and NREM sleep relaxed sleep and alert sleep alpha sleep and delta sleep Stage 1 and Stage 2 sleep

REM and NREM sleep

Which of the following is a therapeutic effect of marijuana? Production of a sudden feeling of euphoria in the patient Reduction of pain in glaucoma patients Reduction of nausea and vomiting in people undergoing cancer chemotherapy Significant increase in the patient's anxiety and motivation

Reduction of nausea and vomiting in people undergoing cancer chemotherapy

_______________ is a disorder in which depression occurs in the winter months. REM SAD PMS SCN

SAD

A meta-analysis of studies addressing the effectiveness of herbs in the treatment of depression revealed that: You Answered Saint-John's-wort was not more effective than the placebo condition for mild depression. C Saint-John's-wort was more effective than a placebo if the depression was a mild one. for severe depressions, Saint-John's-wort was more effective than a placebo. for severe depressions, Saint-John's-wort was more effective than SSRIs.

Saint-John's-wort was more effective than a placebo if the depression was a mild one.

Janet is three years of age. She likes to play with cars and trucks while her friends prefer dolls. She is also more aggressive than her other female friends. What could be the reason for Janet being different from other girls? She prefers to be with girls and play games associated with girls. She was encouraged by her parents to play with trucks. She was influenced by her friends who liked to play with trucks and cars. She was exposed to higher-than-normal prenatal androgens in the womb.

She was exposed to higher-than-normal prenatal androgens in the womb.

The ideas of _______________ led to the evolution of psychoanalysis, an important school of psychological thought. Sigmund Freud Joseph Gall Wilhelm Wundt William James

Sigmund Freud

The ideas of _______________ led to the evolution of psychoanalysis, an important school of psychological thought. Sigmund Freud Wilhelm Wundt William James Joseph Gall

Sigmund Freud

_______________ founded the field of psychoanalysis. William James Wilhelm Wundt E. B. Titchener Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud

______________ focus on how groups affect attitudes and behavior, why people obey authority, and how each of us is affected by other people—spouses, lovers, friends, bosses, parents, and strangers. Cognitive researchers Biological psychologists Social psychologists Learning theorists

Social psychologists

As the four winners of the grade-school spelling bee posed for a picture, each was recollecting over the day's success. Which of the following children exhibits an external locus of control? Nat, who thinks, "I'll succeed by setting my sights on what I want and I'll keep trying!" Lee, who thinks, "I really worked hard learning all those words and it paid off." Terry, who thinks, "This is my lucky day! I was really lucky to get such easy words!" Chris, who thinks, "Wow! I'm really smart when it comes to spelling."

Terry, who thinks, "This is my lucky day! I was really lucky to get such easy words!"

Which of the following statements is NOT true? Feeling anxious, depressed, and helpless can delay the healing of wounds after surgery, whereas feeling hopeful can speed surgery. When a person has a medical condition, negative emotions can affect the course of the illness. Loneliness and worry can suppress the immune system and permit existing viruses, such as herpes, to fester. The Type A personality's high reactiveness to stress is the key risk factor in heart disease.

The Type A personality's high reactiveness to stress is the key risk factor in heart disease.

Which of the following statements is true of schizophrenia with regard to adolescence? The first full-blown episode of schizophrenia occurs during adolescence or early adulthood. Healthy teenagers lose a large portion of the brain's gray matter. Adolescents with schizophrenia do not show any significant tissue loss in the brain. The pruning of the synapses in the brain reduces its efficiency.

The first full-blown episode of schizophrenia occurs during adolescence or early adulthood.

In which age group does the challenge of initiative vs. guilt occur? Middle adulthood The preschool years The toddler years The elementary school years

The preschool years

All successful therapies, regardless of approach, share what key element? They explicitly focus on helping change the clients life stories through the lessening of the client's symptoms. The therapists are scientific psychologist who rely on empirical research to determine the most effective technique for each client. The therapists remain neutral and detached so that the clients can project their own issues into the therapy session. They are able to replace a client's self-defeating pessimistic life story with one that is more hopeful or attainable

They are able to replace a client's self-defeating pessimistic life story with one that is more hopeful or attainable

Which of the following statements is true of psychoactive drugs? They are classified as sedatives, diuretics, and blood boosters. They have no effect on the cognitive and emotional functioning of a person. They are classified as stimulants, depressants, opiates, and psychedelics. They do not depend on a person's experience with the drug and individual characteristics.

They are classified as stimulants, depressants, opiates, and psychedelics.

Which of the following is NOT an issue with the use of antipsychotic drugs? They do not reduce all of the symptoms of schizophrenia. People may quit taking their medication because of unpleasant side effects. A common side effect is uncontrollable tremors. They can cause severe hypertension.

They can cause severe hypertension.

Which of the following is true of psychedelic drugs? They are classified as sedatives, diuretics, and blood boosters. They may be natural substances or may be synthesized in a laboratory. They increase anxiety and despair in patients.

They may be natural substances or may be synthesized in a laboratory.

What effect do depressants have on the body? They slow down activity in the central nervous system. They decrease the appetite for carbohydrates. They speed up activity in the central nervous system. They relieve pain and produce euphoria.

They slow down activity in the central nervous system

Which of the following drugs is a first-generation neuroleptic drug? Clozaril Thorazine Risperdal Zyprexa

Thorazine

_______________ is the increased resistance to a drug's effects accompanying continued use. Intoxication Reuptake Withdrawal Tolerance

Tolerance

Which of the following statements is a structuralist most likely to ask? When does an organism sleep? Correct! What happens when an organism sleeps? Why does an organism sleep? How does an organism sleep?

What happens when an organism sleeps?

Andy claims that phrenology is a pseudoscience and not a true science. Which of the following statements supports her claim? When "bumps" did not accurately explain a person's characteristics, the phrenologists explained the contradiction by hypothesizing traumatic childhood experiences. Most of the phrenologists received inadequate training in the analysis of head bumps and so there were variations in their predictions. When phrenologists found large "stealing" bumps on the head of a person who was not a thief, they concluded that other positive bumps held this characteristic in check. Phrenologists relied heavily on the theories of Charles Darwin, and yet they could not link the bumps to evolutionary adaptation.

When phrenologists found large "stealing" bumps on the head of a person who was not a thief, they concluded that other positive bumps held this characteristic in check.

The founder of functionalism was: William James. Wilhelm Wundt. E. B. Titchener. Sigmund Freud.

William James

_______________ had the opinion that searching for building blocks of experience was a waste of time because the brain and the mind are constantly changing. Sigmund Freud William James E.B. Titchener Wilhelm Wundt

William James

Circadian rhythm is defined as _______________. a biological fluctuation that occurs less frequently than once a day a fluctuation in a biological system, synchronized with external cues an awareness of oneself and the environment Correct! a biological fluctuation that is about 24 hours from peak to peak

a biological fluctuation that is about 24 hours from peak to peak

When people are said to be insane, this means that: a diagnosis of schizophrenia has been made either by a psychologist or by a psychiatrist specializing in the treatment of the insane. a psychiatrist has determined that they are suffering from one of the psychological disorders, as described in the DSM. a legal determination has been made that they are incompetent to stand trial and unaware of the consequences of their actions. psychologists have compared their behaviors to characteristics of individuals with disorders and found a strong correlation.

a legal determination has been made that they are incompetent to stand trial and unaware of the consequences of their actions.

Marvella has recurring bouts of trembling and shaking, dizziness, chest pain or discomfort, rapid heart rate, feelings of unreality, hot and cold flashes, and sweating. She feels that she is going crazy. Marvella is showing the symptoms of: agoraphobia. generalized anxiety disorder. posttraumatic stress disorder. a panic attack.

a panic attack.

A "hidden observer" is _______________. a friend or family member who observes the hypnosis to protect the hypnotized person the part of a person's mind that participates in hypnosis Correct! a part of the mind of the hypnotized person that watches but does not participate a person, out of sight of the hypnotist, who monitors the process to make sure the hypnotist does not violate ethical standards

a part of the mind of the hypnotized person that watches but does not participate

Biological rhythm is defined as: a biological fluctuation that occurs less frequently than once a day. an awareness of oneself and the environment. a biological fluctuation that is about 24 hours from peak to peak. a periodic, more or less regular, fluctuation in a biological system.

a periodic, more or less regular, fluctuation in a biological system

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which _______________. a person experiences bursts of aggressive behavior during sleep a person periodically stops breathing during sleep a person suddenly falls asleep without warning during the day a person has difficulty waking from sleep in the morning

a person periodically stops breathing during sleep

Which of the following would NOT be considered as a symptom of schizophrenia? a person's belief that dogs are extraterrestrials disguised as pets a person using elaborate con tricks to lie, seduce, or manipulate others a man's belief that he is Moses a woman's report that she hears two voices conversing in her head

a persons using elaborate con trick to lie, seduce, or manipulate others

A person feels competent in acquiring skills, using tools, and learning to make things. According to Erikson's theory, she has successfully resolved the inevitable crisis that occurred when she was: an adolescent. a young adult. a school child. a preschooler.

a school child

Kellie is fearful in situations where she must eat in public or write in the presence of others. She is worried that someone might say something embarrassing. Kellie is exhibiting the symptoms of: a generalized anxiety disorder. an obsessive-compulsive disorder. Correct! a social phobia. an idiosyncratic phobia.

a social phobia.

Psychoanalysis is: Correct! a theory of personality which emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts. a method of psychotherapy in which an observer carefully records and interprets behavior without interfering with the behavior. a method of psychotherapy which emphasizes how maladaptive behaviors are learned through imitations of others and through cognitive expectations. a theory of personality which emphasizes the awareness of one's own cognitive processes.

a theory of personality which emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts.

Symptoms of schizophrenia include all of the following except: agoraphobia jumbled thoughts delusions hallucinations

agoraphobia

Hilda's husband is told that his wife is suffering from Alzheimer's disease. She has lost brain cells that are responsible for producing: GABA serotonin dopamine acetylcholine

acetylcholine

Which of the following neurotransmitters affects neurons involved in muscle action, arousal, vigilance, memory, and emotion? acetylcholine norepinephrine serotonin dopamine

acetylcholine

When babies in an experiment were placed on an ambiguous visual cliff and saw happy, reassuring expressions on their mothers' faces, what portion of them crossed the cliff? all of them about three-quarters of them none of them about one-third of them

about three quarters of them

Which of the following is NOT more common in adolescence than in childhood or adulthood? Reckless and risky behavior Absence of peer influence Mood swings and depression Conflict with parents

absence of peer influence

In the concrete operations stage, children come to understand all of the following EXCEPT: cause and effect. You Answered reversibility of mental operations. principles of conservation. abstract thought.

abstract thought

anis sees a bat flying over the lake and says, "Birdie"! Her mother says, "That flies like a bird, Janis, but that is a bat." Janis begins pointing saying, "Bat! Bat! Bat!" Piaget would say that this is an example of: preoperational thought. accommodation. egocentric thinking. assimilation.

accommodation

In Piaget's theory, the process of modifying existing cognitive structures in response to experience and new information is called: assimilation. Correct! accommodation. conservation.

accommodation.

Which of the following is an INACCURATE statement in regard to body language? across cultures, people generally recognize body movements that reveal pleasure or displeasure, and liking or dislike. across cultures, people generally have difficulty recognizing body movements from another culture that express high status or low status, tension, and relaxation. when individuals, such as the late Mayor LaGuardia of New York, are fluent in different languages, they embellish their speech with different gestures based on the language being spoken. when people from different cultures are talking, a mismatch of body languages will make their conversation seem out of sync.

across cultures, people generally have difficulty recognizing body movements from another culture that express high status or low status, tension, and relaxation.

Which of the following is an INACCURATE statement in regard to body language? when people from different cultures are talking, a mismatch of body languages will make their conversation seem out of sync. when individuals, such as the late Mayor LaGuardia of New York, are fluent in different languages, they embellish their speech with different gestures based on the language being spoken. across cultures, people generally have difficulty recognizing body movements from another culture that express high status or low status, tension, and relaxation. across cultures, people generally recognize body movements that reveal pleasure or displeasure, and liking or dislike.

across cultures, people generally have difficulty recognizing body movements from another culture that express high status or low status, tension, and relaxation.

Psychologists regard _______________ as the "fear of fear." generalized anxiety disorder agoraphobia posttraumatic stress disorder panic attack

agoraphobia

Coin-shaped electrodes are pasted onto Miranda's scalp, and they are connected by wire to a machine that translates the electrical energy from her brain into wavy lines on a moving piece of paper. From this description, it is evident that Miranda's brain is being studied with the help of: a microelectrode recording. an electroencephalogram. positron-emission tomography. functional magnetic resonance imaging.

an electroencephalagram

When the neurotransmitter binds to a receptor site it can cause: an excitatory effect followed by an inhibitory response. an inhibitory response followed by an excitatory effect. an excitatory effect or an inhibitory response a neural impulse.

an excitatory effect or an inhibitory response a neural impulse

As Molly looks at the grade scored in her final exams, she thinks, "I did well in this exam, because my roommate helped me study." Molly's thoughts indicate that she has: learned helplessness. an external locus of control. learned hopelessness. an internal locus of control.

an external locus of control

Critical thinkers should approach psychology textbooks as: a source of wisdom from expert researchers. an opportunity to generate questions. a way to reduce uncertainties a tool for self-analysis.

an opportunity to generate questions

_______________ are nonaddictive, but they can produce some unpleasant physical reactions, including dry mouth, headaches, constipation, nausea, gastrointestinal problems, weight gain, decreased sexual desire, and delayed orgasm. Antidepressants Antipsychotic drugs Tranquilizers Lithium carbonates

antidepressants

Mark would bite and hit the other children in his preschool class, and by the time he turned ten he started shoplifting and skipping school. His teenage years showed a pattern of cheating at school, stealing from a part-time job, selling drugs, and stealing cars. Mark's developmental history is an indication of: antisocial personality disorder. dissociative identity disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder. schizophrenia.

antisocial personality disorder

Psychosurgery is defined as any surgical procedure that destroys selected areas of the brain believed to be involved in emotional disorders or violent, impulsive behavior. a procedure in which a brief current of electricity is used to trigger a seizure that typically lasts one minute, causing the body to convulse. information given to a patient about a surgical procedure before the surgery in order to prevent anxiety. surgery that severs the corpus callosum of the patient so that the two hemispheres of the brain no longer communicate with one another

any surgical procedure that destroys selected areas of the brain believed to be involved in emotional disorders or violent, impulsive behavior.

People with a Type A personality: are calm and composed. are patient and optimistic. show slow physiological responses to challenge. are determined to achieve.

are determined to achieve

Beliefs that are taken for granted are called: traits. archetypes. reinforcers. assumptions.

assumptions

The functioning of blood vessels, glands, and internal organs is regulated by the: somatic nervous system. lymphatic system endocrine system autonomic nervous system.

autonomic nervous system

During Erikson's stage of _______________, a person must learn to be independent about his actions. trust versus mistrust generativity versus stagnation autonomy versus shame and doubt ego integrity versus despair

autonomy versus shame and doubt

Randy meets a Californian who grows his own vegetables and refuses to have nonorganic food. Randy concludes that Californians are overzealous about nutrition. Which critical-thinking guideline is Randy neglecting? emotional reasoning examination of evidences avoidance of oversimplification tolerance for uncertainty

avoidance of oversimplification

Randy meets a Californian who grows his own vegetables and refuses to have nonorganic food. Randy concludes that Californians are overzealous about nutrition. Which critical-thinking guideline is Randy neglecting? emotional reasoning tolerance for uncertainty avoidance of oversimplification examination of evidences

avoidance of oversimplification

Which of the following provides the best definition of consciousness? Correct! awareness of ourselves and the environment the intentional recollection of an item of information a state of arousal involving facial and bodily changes memory of personally experienced events

awareness of ourselves and the environment the intentional recollection of an item of information

Outgoing neural signals pass along the_______________ of a neuron to terminal branches. dendrite receptor site axon glial cell

axon

Which part of the neuron transmits messages to other neurons or to muscle or gland cells? glial cell dendrite axon cell body

axon

A nerve is a bundle of: neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. cell bodies in the brain. Correct! axons in the peripheral nervous system. glial cells in the brain.

axons in the peripheral nervous system.

Action potentials travel swiftly down: dendrites with myelin and more slowly in dendrites without myelin. axons with myelin and more slowly in axons without myelin. dendrites without myelin and more slowly in dendrites with myelin. axons without myelin and more slowly in axons with myelin.

axons with myelin and more slowly in axons without myelin.

Which of the following is a depressant? nicotine heroin mescaline barbiturates

barbiturates

A major point of difference between basic research and applied research is that: basic research studies physical processes and applied research studies mental processes. basic research is done to acquire knowledge and applied research to solve practical problems. basic research studies only humans while applied research studies both animals and human beings. basic research involves experimentation and applied research involves psychiatry.

basic research is done to acquire knowledge and applied research to solve practical problems

A major point of difference between basic research and applied research is that: basic research studies only humans while applied research studies both animals and human beings. basic research studies physical processes and applied research studies mental processes. basic research involves experimentation and applied research involves psychiatry. basic research is done to acquire knowledge and applied research to solve practical problems.

basic research is done to acquire knowledge and applied research to solve practical problems.

When a neuron is stimulated, sodium ions leak in at the dendrites and potassium ions flow out, causing the cell's membrane to: become positively charged. fluctuate between positive and negative charges at a high speed. remain neutral in charge. become negatively charged.

become positively charged.

This class of drugs is primarily used to manage heart irregularities and hypertension and is sometimes prescribed to relieve acute anxiety. MAOI's lithium Carbonate beta blockers Prozac

beta blockers

The _______________ perspective is a psychological approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions, feelings, and thoughts. cognitive biological sociocultural learning

biological

An issue of concern to those treating individuals with mental disorders is whether the therapists need to "fix" the brain or the mind. At this time, the explanations and treatments that are in the ascendance are: psychodynamic explanations and treatments. behavioral explanations and treatments. Correct Answer biological explanations and treatments. humanist explanations and treatments.

biological explanations and treatments.

An example of a biological event that follows a circadian rhythm is: body temperature. the migration of birds. daydreaming. You Answered the female menstrual cycle.

body temperature

_______ disorder is characterized by extreme negative emotionality and an inability to regulate emotions. Bipolar Psychopathic Borderline personality Antisocial personality.

borderline personality

Reflexes above the neck, such as sneezing and blinking, are controlled by the _______________. epicardium myocardium brain spinal cord

brain

The spinal cord is actually an extension of the: endocardium. brain. lymphatic system. endocrine system.

brain

My memory of getting knocked down by a wave at Newport Beach could be based on what my parents told me later, not on my own recollection." Which of the following critical thinking guidelines does this example illustrate? define your terms don't oversimplify ask questions and be willing to wonder consider other interpretations

consider other interpretations

_____________ is a process, during sleep, by which recently stored memories become durable and stable. Reinforcement Encoding Correct! Consolidation Preservation

consolidation

Generalized anxiety disorder is marked by unwished-for thoughts and repetitive behaviors. unrealistic fears of specific things or situations. Correct! continuous, uncontrollable anxiety or worry. the sudden onset of intense fear or terror.

continuous, uncontrollable anxiety or worry.

An important role of the spinal cord is the: processing and storing of incoming sensory information. monitoring of the activity of the internal organs. control of automatic reflexes below the neck. control of reflexes above the neck.

control of automatic reflexes below the neck

Research suggests that we typically forget our dreams upon waking because _______________. cortical neurons that control the initial storage of new memories are turned off during sleep they are based on random neural activity forming disjointed images with no meaning they often are sexual or violent in nature and our conscious mind represses them dreams often arouse anxiety that could intrude into our daily life

cortical neurons that control the initial storage of new memories are turned off during sleep

Research suggests that we typically forget our dreams upon waking because _______________. cortical neurons that control the initial storage of new memories are turned off during sleept! they are based on random neural activity forming disjointed images with no meaning dreams often arouse anxiety that could intrude into our daily life they often are sexual or violent in nature and our conscious mind represses them

cortical neurons that control the initial storage of new memories are turned off during sleep

Systematic desensitization is based on: Correct! counter conditioning spontaneous recovery stimulus generalization operant conditioning

counter conditioning

Mary Ainsworth observed that securely attached infants: do not seem to care when the mother leaves the room and do not seek her out on her return. cry or protest if the mother leaves the room and welcome her back when she returns. protest loudly when the mother leaves but resist contact with her when she returns. are not concerned upon separation, but cry to be picked up and held on her return.

cry or protest if the mother leaves the room and welcome her back when she returns.

David is a lawyer who is in his seventies. He is a senior partner in a prestigious law firm and is still actively practicing law. The fact that David is still active in his profession could be attributed to: crystallized intelligence intelligence quotient fluid intelligence assimilative intelligence

crystallized intelligence

Psychologists who practice behavioral therapy focus on the client's relationships with parents. methods of coping with inescapable realities of life. current behavior and attitudes. unconscious anxieties

current behavior and attitudes

Which occupation would be more likely to require emotion work as a job requirement? architect customer service representative software analyst accountant

customer service representative

Which of the following is more hazardous to health than a heavy work load? a sense of time urgency a highly reactive response to challenge cynical anger frequent irritability

cynical anger

The Type A behavior that is dangerous to health is: cynical hostility. frequent irritability. a highly reactive response to challenge a sense of time urgency.

cynical hostility

Which part of a neuron acts like an antenna to receive messages from other neurons and transmits these messages toward the cell body? axons dendrites neurotransmitters glial cells

dendrites

Which part of a neuron acts like an antenna to receive messages from other neurons and transmits these messages toward the cell body? neurotransmitters dendrites axons glial cells

dendrites

Optimists are more likely than pessimists to do all of the following EXCEPT: deny their problems. get support from friends. take care of themselves. use active problem solving.

deny their problems

In very large doses ______________ drugs can cause convulsions, heart failure, and death. depressants and stimulants psychedelics & THC opiates & psychedelics THC & opiates

depressants and stimulants

Biological research concerning the development of mood disorders suggests that: depressed people have high levels of cortisol, which can affect the hippocampus and amygdala. a long form of the gene 5-HTT may predispose a person to depression. acetylcholine and dopamine may be key neurotransmitters in depression. part of the problem of depression is the underproduction of cortisol.

depressed people have high levels of cortisol, which can affect the hippocampus and amygdala.

Recently John has been overeating, having difficulty sleeping through the night, experiencing a lack of energy and interest and having trouble concentrating. These physical changes can be signs of a phobia. mania. depression. panic disorder.

depression

In order to get around the human ability to mask emotions and more clearly define facial expressions for particular emotions, Ekman and his associates: interviewed all participants in order to assess unexpressed feelings and motivations. developed a special coding system that analyzed and identified the numerous facial muscles. monitored the brain waves of participants to determine which hemisphere had higher activation. developed an inter-observer system to make sure that observers defined expressions reliably.

developed a special coding system that analyzed and identified the numbers facial muscles

In order to get around the human ability to mask emotions and more clearly define facial expressions for particular emotions, Paul Ekman and his associates: developed an inter-observer system to make sure that observers defined expressions reliably. interviewed all participants in order to assess unexpressed feelings and motivations. monitored the brain waves of participants to determine which hemisphere had higher activation. developed a special coding system that analyzed and identified the numerous facial muscles.

developed a special coding system that analyzed and identified the numerous facial muscles

According to psychological scientists, ________is the mechanism that supposedly causes traumatized children to repress their ordeal and develop several identities. psychogenic amnesia dissociative amnesia schizophrenia psychopathy

dissociative amnesia

"I really want to believe that my vague recollection of an incident that occurred at Disneyland as a preschooler is true, but that doesn't mean that it is true." Which of the following critical thinking guidelines does this example illustrate? define your terms avoid emotional reasoning examine the evidence don't oversimplify

don't oversimplify

In Parkinson's disease, a loss of cells that produce _______________ is responsible for tremors and muscle rigidity. GABA acetylcholine glutamate dopamine

dopamine

Hillary has a history of behavior problems and conflicts with her parents. Now, she is in sixth grade and is have a positive body image and gain prestige for athletic skills. develop positive communication patterns with her parents. drop out of school and have emotional problems. be socially unpopular for being "off-time" in maturation.

drop out of school and have emotional problems.

A family therapist would agree that: behavioral contracts and skills training are necessary tools to heal the wounded member of a family. efforts to isolate and treat one member of a family, without the other family members, are doomed. family members need to be taught to provide one another with unconditional positive regard. the therapeutic window that is appropriate for each family member must be carefully determined.

efforts to isolate and treat one member of a family, without the other family members, are doomed.

Harmful effects can occur when neurotransmitter levels are: too high. too low. sufficient, but are released too slowly. either too high or too low.

either too high or too low

Adrenal hormones are involved in: uterine contractions during childbirth emotion and stress. daily biological rhythms. sleep.

emotion and stress

After their home in Kansas is damaged by a tornado, a couple talks about the event over and over in order to make sense of it and decide what to do. Their behavior is an example of: emotion-focused coping. reappraisal. distraction. problem-focused coping.

emotion focused coping

Expression of an emotion in which the person does not really feel is called: facial feedback. body language. secondary emotion. emotion work.

emotion work

Expression of an emotion that the person does not really feel is called: secondary emotion. emotion work. body language. facial feedback.

emotion work

Learning deep-breathing techniques to reduce anxiety about having been victimized by a crime is an example of: emotion-focused coping. problem-focused coping. reappraisal. avoidance.

emotion-focused-coping

Which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia would NOT be relieved by antipsychotic drugs? Correct! emotional flatness agitation delusions the duration of schizophrenic episodes

emotional flatness

Murray is a bright student, but he procrastinates. He puts off writing term papers and gets incompletes which eventually become F's. Murray's _______________ therapist helps him realize that he has the power to choose his own destiny and must assume responsibility for his life predicaments. The therapist helps him think about his procrastination and his life goals. Correct! existential behavior cognitive psychodynamic

existential

The primary goal of _______ is to find meaning in life. behavior therapy Correct! existential therapy humanist therapy cognitive therapy

existential therapy

Thanks to new computer technology, virtual reality devices permit behavior therapists to conduct _______________ in their offices. free association exposure therapy transference unconditional positive regard

exposure therapy

Adolescent boys who are lonely, depressed, worried, or angry are more likely than girls to express these externalizing their emotional problems in acts of aggression and other antisocial behavior. internalizing their problems and, as a result, having low self-esteem. internalizing their feelings and becoming more withdrawn. becoming depressed and attempting suicide.

externalizing their emotional problems in acts of aggression and other antisocial behavior.

Sigmund Freud would agree that _______________ may be useful in treating a psychological disorder. exposure treatment systematic desensitization free association flooding

free association

Which of the following regions in the brain is involved in the ability to make plans, think creatively, and take initiative? temporal lobes frontal lobes occipital lobes parietal lobes

frontal lobes

Which of the following schools of psychological thought was influenced by the evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin? structuralism phrenology psychoanalysis functionalism

functionalism

Which school of thought in psychology tried to explain how specific behaviors and mental processes help a person adapt to the environment? structuralism phrenology functionalism psychiatry

functionalism

Josephine, a five- year- old girl always sees her mother performing household chores and her father going out to work. Hence, she thinks that only females perform household chores and males go out to work. From the above example, it can be observed that Josephine has developed a ________ with regard to females. gender identity gender difference gender schema gender typing.

gender schema

The process by which children learn the abilities, interests, personality traits, and behaviors associated with being masculine or feminine in their culture is called: learned gender differences. gender schema development. gender identity formation. gender typing.

gender typing

Sex hormones are secreted by tissue in the _______________ and also by the adrenal glands. kidneys pineal gland pituitary gland gonads

gonads

Across cultures, people generally recognize body language indicating all of the following EXCEPT: fear. grief high or low status. pleasure or displeasure.

grief

Which of the following emotions is a prototypical emotion? nostalgic surprise happiness shame

happiness

When nicotine is abused, the resulting effects include _______________. excitability, sleeplessness, sweating, paranoia, panic, depression, and heart failure restlessness, insomnia, muscle tension, and heartbeat irregularities heart disease, high blood pressure, impaired circulation, and erectile problems in men nervousness, loss of appetite, delusions, psychosis, heart damage, convulsions, and death

heart disease, high blood pressure, impaired circulation, and erectile problems in men

Raymond has Alzheimer's disease, which means that: he suffers from frequent convulsive episodes. he suffers from severe depression. his mental abilities will eventually disintegrate. his brain's production of endorphins is abnormal.

his mental abilities will eventually disintegrate

When Jose complies with instructions to look angry, it is most likely that: his reaction will depend on his age. he will be amused to be simulating anger. he will be pleased that he does it so well. his positive feelings will decrease.

his positive feelings will decrease

When Noah complies with instructions to smile and look happy, it is most likely that: his reaction will depend on his age. he will begin to feel annoyed. his positive feelings will increase. he will begin to feel angry.

his positive feelings will increase

When Noah complies with instructions to smile and look happy, it is most likely that: his reaction will depend on his age. he will begin to feel annoyed. his positive feelings will increase. he will begin to feel angry.

his positive feelings will increase

Chemical substances secreted by glands, that affect the functioning of bodily organs, are called: opioid peptides. hormones. endorphins. neurotransmitters.

hormones

Dr. Samuel Cartwright's diagnosis of drapetomania, which purported to explain why slaves sought freedom, exemplifies: the recognition of the intolerable conditions of slavery and the need to escape those conditions. how great suffering elicits the "fight-or-flight" response, which is a normal human reaction. recognition of panic disorder as far back as the early years of the nineteenth century. how notions of mental disorder can serve the interests of those who are in power by putting a veneer of science on a subjective process.

how notions of mental disorder can serve the interests of those who are in power by putting a veneer of science on a subjective process.

Murray is a bright student but he procrastinates. He puts off writing term papers and gets incompletes which eventually become F's. Murray's _______________ therapist assumes that Murray's procrastination masks his low self-regard, and that he is out of touch with his real feelings. psychodynamic humanist behavior cognitive

humanist

The _______________ school of therapy has, as one of its primary goals, new and optimistic perceptionsof self and the world. behavioral psychoanalytic cognitive humanist

humanist

Circadian rhythms are controlled by a biological clock, located in a teardrop-shaped cluster of cells in the _______________. corpus callosum hypothalamus thalamus occipital lobe

hypothalamus

Circadian rhythms are controlled by a biological clock, located in a teardrop-shaped cluster of cells in the _______________. occipital lobe corpus callosum hypothalamus thalamus

hypothalamus

The _______________ is the structure in the brain involved in basic survival drives including feeding, fighting, fleeing, and sex. parietal lobes reticular activating system hypothalamus temporal lobes

hypothalamus

The body's biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, is located in the _______________. Correct! hypothalamus pituitary gland thalamus pineal gland

hypothalamus

The body's biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, is located in the _______________. pineal gland hypothalamus thalamus pituitary gland

hypothalamus

The body's biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleas, is located in the __________. thalamus pituitary gland hypothalamus pineal gland

hyptholamaus

Alcoholism would be less likely to occur: if it was used as a rite of passage into adulthood. if drinking occurred outside of homes, not in them. if national abstinence was enforced by law once again. if the adults drank moderately at family gatherings.

if the adults drank moderately at family gatherings.

The disease model of addiction requires abstinence. maintains that people have an inherited predisposition for alcoholism. incorporates all of the above. holds that addiction is related to biochemistry, metabolism, and genetics.

incorporates all of the above

The polygraph is based on the assumption that a person who is guilty and fearful will have: increased activity in the hippocampus. increased activity in the autonomic nervous system. decreased flow of epinephrine. decreased flow of norepinephrine.

increased activity in the autonomic nervous system

When a neurotransmitter molecule binds briefly with a receptor site, changes occur in the receiving neuron's membrane. If there is a voltage shift in a negative direction, then the effect is: inhibitory, and so the probability that the receiving neuron will fire increases. excitatory, and so the probability that the receiving neuron will fire decreases. inhibitory, and so the probability that the receiving neuron will fire decreases. excitatory, and so the probability that the receiving neuron will fire increases.

inhibitory, and so the probability that the receiving neuron will fire decreases.

Wilhelm Wundt is known for: training doctors to treat mental illness. writing books on ethics and logic. establishing phrenology as a science. initiating the movement to make psychology a science.

initiating the movement to make psychology a science

Darwin argued that facial expressions of emotion are: biologically irrelevant. innate. learned. maladapted.

innate

A manuscript on human nature is discovered and scientists confirm that it is the work of an ancient scholar. In this manuscript, human nature is most likely explored through: insights inferred from anecdotes. trained introspection. You Answered empirical evidence. experimentation.

insights inferred from anecdotes

A manuscript on human nature is discovered and scientists confirm that it is the work of an ancient scholar. In this manuscript, human nature is most likely explored through: experimentation. insights inferred from anecdotes. empirical evidence. trained introspection.

insights inferred from anecdotes.

Compared to "pop psych," psychology: addresses only human behavior. is based on empirical evidence is narrower in the issues it addresses. is less complex.

is based on empirical evidence

Compared to "pop psych," psychology: is narrower in the issues it addresses. addresses only human behavior. is less complex. is based on empirical evidence.

is based on empirical evidence

When an action potential reaches the end of the axon terminal: it excites the receptor sites on the synaptic vesicles and passes on the action potential to the next neuron. it hops to the next node in the myelin sheath of the axon. it causes synaptic vesicles to release molecules made of a neurotransmitter. the sodium ions flow back into the neuron to give it a positive charge.

it causes synaptic vesicles to release molecules made of a neurotransmitter

Antidepressant drugs can cause all of the following side effects EXCEPT: headaches. Correct! low blood pressure. nausea. constipation.

low blood pressure.

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of drug therapy? long-term risks Correct! low relapse and dropout rates dosage problems the placebo effect

low relapse and dropout rates

Shannon blinks as she steps off the school bus and walks into a gust of wind. This automatic reaction is regulated by the: lower part of her brain. spinal cord. endocardium. hormonal activity in her body.

lower part of her brain

Shannon blinks as she steps off the school bus and walks into a gust of wind. This automatic reaction is regulated by the: spinal cord. endocardium. lower part of her brain. hormonal activity in her body.

lower part of her brain

People are aware that they are dreaming and feel as though they are conscious during _______________. slow-wave sleep REM sleep lucid dreams latent dreams

lucid dreams

________ is a disorder involving disturbances in emotion, loss of interest in one's usual activities, thoughts of hopelessness, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Borderline personality disorder Psychopathy Major depression Generalized anxiety disorder

major depression

When choosing a self-help book, consumers should: look for an author who includes many anecdotes showing the success of the program. make sure that subliminal tapes are included for night-time learning. look for authors who are confident enough to assure change. make sure the program it promotes has been empirically tested.

make sure the program it promotes has been empirically tested.

Our concepts of the human life span have changed over time; the present view includes many people are experiencing life events out of order, if they are engaging in these events at all. life events occur in a predictable pattern in present times. childhood consists of formative years that determine what kind of adult the child will become. society is turning to the elderly as wise individuals who can model living through extensive change.

many people are experiencing life events out of order, if they are engaging in these events at all.

Research on the prognosis for recovering from schizophrenia suggests that: the outlook is not as favorable if the symptoms appeared abruptly. relapses lead to quicker recovery. You Answered if the onset is gradual then the prognosis is relatively good. many people learn to control the symptoms and maintain good family relationships.

many people learn to control the symptoms and maintain good family relationships.

________ is the sequential unfolding of genetically influenced behavior and physical characteristics. Maturation Induction Socialization Acculturation

maturation

The _______________ is a structure in the brain stem responsible for certain automatic functions, such as breathing and heart rate. reticular activating system cerebellum pons medulla

medulla

Which of the following is NOT one of the key stress hormones released by the adrenal glands? norepinephrine melatonin epinephrine cortisol

melatonin

_______________, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, helps to keep the biological clock in phase with the light-dark cycle. Serotonin Progesterone Cortisol Melatonin

melatonin

Research on the onset of puberty has revealed that: white girls tend to develop breasts at younger ages than do black girls. menarche depends on a critical level of body fat. the average age at puberty is increasing in Europe and North America. changes in the timing of puberty have been caused by hormones in food.

menarche depends on a critical level of body fat.

________ refers to a person's expectations about the effects of a drug. Perceptual bias Dissociation Tolerance Mental Set

mental state

Which of the following drugs is a psychedelic? heroin amphetamines mescaline alcohol

mescaline

A difference between the great thinkers of history and today's psychologists is that: modern psychologists wonder whether emotion controls us or is something we can control. modern psychologists want to know how people take in information through their senses and use that iinformation to solve problems. modern psychologists want to describe, predict, understand, and modify behavior. modern psychologists rely heavily on empirical evidence.

modern psychologists rely heavily on empirical evidence.

When facial expressions of emotion generate emotions in others, it is known as: secondary emotions. facial feedback. prototypes of emotions. mood contagion.

mood contagion

In the peripheral nervous system, _______________ enable us to move, and cause glands to contract and to secrete hormones. schwann cells Correct! motor nerves afferent nerves sensory nerves

motor nerves

One purpose of the _______________ is to speed up the conduction of neural impulses. axon terminal dendrites myelin sheath synaptic vesicle

myelin sheath

Researchers took photographs of different faces, cut them in two, and pasted different halves together to form composite faces. The reconstructed photographs were flashed quickly to split-brain patients. It was found that the split-brain patients would: name the person in the right part of the image and point with the right hand to the left image. name the person in the right part of the image and point with the left hand to the left image. name the person in the left part of the image and point with the left hand to the right image. name the person in the left part of the image and point with the right hand to the left image.

name the person in the right part of the image and point with the left hand to the left image.

n _______________, a person experiences sudden unpredictable and irresistible attacks of sleepiness during the day. sleep apnea internal desynchrony insomnia Correct! narcolepsy

narcolepsy

Which of the following is a type of white blood cell? natural killer cells antibodies helper B cells antigens

natural killer cells

Which of the following is a type of white blood cell? antibodies antigens natural killer cells helper B cells

natural killer cells

The function of the _______________ is to gather and process information, produce responses to stimuli, and coordinate the workings of different cells. nervous system cardiovascular system respiratory system lymphatic system

nervous system

When amphetamines are abused, the resulting effects may include _______________. restlessness, insomnia, muscle tension, and heartbeat irregularities heart disease, high blood pressure, impaired circulation, and erectile problems in men. nervousness, loss of appetite, delusions, psychosis, heart damage, convulsions, and death. excitability, sleeplessness, sweating, paranoia, panic, depression, and heart failure.

nervousness, loss of appetite, delusions, psychosis, heart damage, convulsions, and death.

A cell that conducts electro-chemical signals and is the basic unit of the nervous system is called a: nerve. glial cell. neurotransmitter. neuron.

neuron

Constrictions in the myelin sheath that surround many axons in the nerve cells are called _______________. glia nodes sclerosis dendrites

nodes

A surgeon is probing the association cortex in your brain with a probe. Which of the following would you most likely experience? a bright flash of light nothing at all a sense of being gently touched swirls of color

nothing at all

Which of the following regions in the brain contains the visual cortex? occipital lobes temporal lobes frontal lobes parietal lobes

occipital lobes

If Fergus takes _______________, it reduces his agitation and delusions, and shortens his schizophrenic episodes. one of the MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors, such as Nardil one of the tranquilizers, such as Valium one of the SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), such as Prozac one of the neuroleptics, such as chlorpromazine!

one of the neuroleptics, such as chlorpromazine

Which of the following statements is true of optimists? optimists are unrealistic and tend to deny their problems optimists tend to escape into wishful thinking when confronted with a problem optimists try to avoid facing bad news as long as possible optimists are more likely than pessimists to be active problem solvers

optimists are more likely than pessimists to be active problem solvers

Which of the following is least likely a function of the nervous system? producing responses to stimuli coordinating the workings of different cells gathering and processing information passing on traits to the next generation

passing on traits to the next generation

Emerging adulthood, the years between the ages of 18 and 25, are considered to be a new phase of life in rates of emotional distress increase greatly as people assume adult responsibilities. people feel that they have reached adulthood in certain ways. crises similar to midlife crises commonly occur. people living in nonindustrialized cultures develop feelings of dissatisfaction with their countries and

people feel that they have reached adulthood in certain ways.

Melatonin is secreted by the: adrenal gland. pituitary gland. endocrine gland. Correct! pineal gland.

pineal gland

________ is defined as an effort to modify reality by changing other people, the situation, or events. Locus of control Explanatory style Primary control Secondary control

primary control

_________are considered to be universal and biologically based. Learned emotions All emotions Primary emotions Secondary emotions

primary emotions

Finding out what your legal resources are when you have been victimized by a crime is an example of: distraction. emotion-focused coping. problem-focused coping. reappraisal.

problem-focused coping

Joan is told by her physician that her symptoms are caused by a loss of myelin. Her symptoms would include: problems with vision. hallucination. depression burning fever.

problems with vision

Social neuroscientists study: the nervous system's involvement in emotion, motivation, and stress. processes such as attachment and attitudes. the biological foundations of consciousness, perception, memory, and language. the biology of such basic processes as learning, conditioning, eating, and sex.

processes such as attachment and attitudes

Which of the following sex hormones contributes to the growth and maintenance of the uterine lining in preparation for a fertilized egg? androgen estrogen testosterone progesterone

progesterone

Murray is a bright student but he procrastinates. He puts off writing term papers and gets incompletes which eventually become F's. After exploring his early memories, Murray comes to the insight that he procrastinates as a way of expressing anger toward his parents. The treatment method used to help Murray deal with his problem is: humanist therapy. psychodynamic therapy. cognitive therapy. behavior therapy.

psychodynamic therapy

A sudden inability to remember certain important personal information describes post-traumatic stress disorder. dissociative identity disorder. psychogenic amnesia. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

psychogenic amnesia

Researchers in Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory studied: chemistry. sociology. psychology. phrenology.

psychology

The Leipzig laboratory set up in Germany in 1879 aimed at studying: chemistry sociology phrenology psychology

psychology

_________is the study of the relationships among psychology, the nervous and endocrine systems, and the immune system. Neurology Psychodynamic psychology Psychoneuroimmunology Socioimmuno psychology

psychoneuroimmunology

Anthony is a charming and manipulative man with an ambition to become rich and powerful. He uses his charm and manipulates rich women to marry him. He emotionally exploits them and gets all their assets transferred to his name. Then, he kills them in cold blood without any regret. Anthony is showing the characteristics of a: C psychopath maniac schizophrenic person psychotic person

psychopath

Psychosurgery is ________ today common more effective rare illegal

rare

During the Prohibition years (1920-1933) in the United States, rates of alcoholism decreased significantly overall, although there were increased rates of per capita consumption. Correct! rates of alcoholism actually increased, although there were reduced rates of per capita consumption. rates of alcoholism remained the same for women, but decreased for men. rates of alcoholism remained the same for men, but decreased for women.

rates of alcoholism actually increased, although there were reduced rates of per capita consumption

Antidepressant drugs are used to treat all of the following EXCEPT: schizophrenia. anxiety. obsessive-compulsive disorder. depression.

schizophrenia

_______________ is a controversial disorder in which a person experiences depression during the winter and an improvement of mood in the spring. Seasonal affective disorder Internal desynchronization Entrainment Dissociation

seasonal affective disorder

Emotions that develop with cognitive maturity are called: individualistic. secondary. tertiary. primary.

secondary

The common effects of tranquilizers are _______________ exhilaration, visions and hallucinations, and insightful experiences You Answered euphoria and relief from pain slowed reaction time, depression, reduced ability to store new memories or to retrieve old ones, and poor coordination sedation, reduced tension, and reduced anxiety

sedation, reduced tension, and reduced anxiety

Rachel is completely exhausted after a long day's work. She comes home and makes herself a drink and finds it soothing after a tiring day. Rachel would not get addicted to drinks because: she is drinking to disguise her anxieties. she is drinking to abandon inhibitions. Correct! she is drinking to relax herself after a rough day at work. she is drinking to drown her worries and sorrows.

she is drinking to relax herself after a rough day at work

Abigail's left prefrontal cortex was damaged as the result of an automobile accident. As a result, her friends have noticed that: she "forgets" to be afraid in situations that should involve fear. she can recognize them by voice but not by sight. she has begun to experience excessive euphoria. she seems to have lost her capacity for joy.

she seems to have lost her capacity for joy

Abigail's left prefrontal cortex was damaged as the result of an automobile accident. As a result, her friends have noticed that: she can recognize them by voice but not by sight. she has begun to experience excessive euphoria. she "forgets" to be afraid in situations that should involve fear. she seems to have lost her capacity for joy.

she seems to have lost her capacity for joy

The somatic nervous system is also called the: sympathetic nervous system. Correct! skeletal nervous system. central nervous system. parasympathetic nervous system.

skeletal nervous sytem

_______________ is a disorder in which a person briefly stops breathing many times during a night's sleep. Insomnia Sleep apnea Narcolepsy Internal desynchrony

sleep apnea

Display rules involve: displaying an emotion that is not actually felt, often because of a role requirement. universal, biologically-based emotional displays evoked by particular emotional situations. social/cultural guidelines that regulate when, how, and where a person may express emotion. emotions that are displayed, as a rule, only by certain cultures.

social/cultural guidelines that regulate when, how, and where a person may express emotion

Violent role models can influence some children to behave aggressively. Which of the following psychological perspectives is this an example of? sociocultural perspective cognitive perspective biological perspective learning perspective

sociocultural perspective

Skeletal muscles and sensory organs are connected to the brain and spinal cord by the: sympathetic nervous system. endocrine system somatic nervous system. lymphatic system.

somatic nervous system

Which of the following is a part of the peripheral nervous system? the spinal cord the somatic nervous system the endocrine system the brain

somatic nervous system

Cameron touches a hot iron and immediately pulls his hand away. His quick response occurs because: the brain registers the pain and responds quickly. his glands have secreted chemical messengers called hormones. neurons in the brain are arranged end to end to increase response speed. spinal reflexes are automatic, requiring no conscious effort.

spinal reflexes are automatic, requiring no conscious effort.

April spots the boy that she has a crush on sitting with his friends. Her heart begins to pound, her hands get sweaty and her cheeks feel hot. April's _______________ has been activated. sympathetic nervous system occipital lobe You Answered parasympathetic nervous system cerebral cortex

sympathetic nervous system

When adrenal hormones are released in the body, they activate the: sympathetic nervous system. central nervous system. somatic nervous system. parasympathetic nervous system.

sympathetic nervous system

Cherise finds out that she is being transferred to an office located on the tenth floor of a building. The problem is that she fears heights so much that she never goes above the third floor in any building. Her therapist teaches her how to relax deeply while imagining herself looking out over a balcony. As her therapy progresses, Cherise imagines herself on higher and higher floors. This technique is called: transference. rational-emotive behavioral therapy. flooding. systematic desensitization

systematic desensitization

Which of the following outcomes would be most likely after a Japanese-American business session? the Japanese will complain that the Americans hide their real feelings behind a smile. the Americans will complain that the Japanese smile too much to disguise embarrassment. the Americans will complain that the Japanese are too aloof and cold. the Japanese will complain that the Americans are too cheerful.

the Americans will complain that the Japanese smile too much to disguise embarrassment.

The therapeutic window refers to: the number of controlled trials necessary before FDA approval of a drug. the approved number of therapy visits by the insurance company. the amount of a drug that is enough but not too much. the duration of time when a patient is receptive to change.

the amount of a drug that is enough but not too much.

The activation-synthesis theory proposes that _______________. the activity in the pons constructs or synthesizes dream narratives dreams are active attempts to synthesize solutions to problems the cortex tries to make sense of random neural activity by creating dream narratives the cortex is active during dreaming and triggers activity in other brain structures

the cortex tries to make sense of random neural activity by creating dream narratives

All of the following would be considered "gender differences" EXCEPT for: the difference between men and women in regard to sexual attitudes. the difference between men and women in regard to doing laundry. the difference between men and women in regard to reading romance novels. the difference between men and women in regard to color blindness.

the difference between men and women in regard to color blindness.

An important movement in psychology that emerged in the early 1970s was: the feminist movement. the humanist movement. positive psychology. the behaviorist movement.

the feminist movement

Which of the following modern psychological perspectives has strongly encouraged precision and objectivity in psychology? the sociocultural perspective the cognitive perspective the biological perspective the learning perspective

the learning perspective

Julian is watching an old comedy film, which makes him laugh and want to watch more of them. What brain structure is probably involved in his reaction? amygdala the right prefrontal cortex the left prefrontal cortex olfactory bulb

the left prefrontal cortex

Affective neuroscientists explore: processes such as attachment and attitudes. the biology of such basic processes as learning, conditioning, eating, and sex. the biological foundations of consciousness, perception, memory, and language. the nervous system's involvement in emotion, motivation, and stress.

the nervous system's involvement in emotion, motivation, and stress

An adolescent has just experienced menarche. This means that: breasts have begun to develop and pubic hair has appeared. Correct! the onset of menstruation has occurred. facial and chest hair has begun to appear. the testes have begun to mature and to produce sperm.

the onset of menstruation has occurred.

According to Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler, the term schizophrenia describes cases in which: unspeakable torture produces a mental splitting. people escape trauma by putting it out of their minds. the personality splits into multiple personalities. the personality loses its unity.

the personality loses its unity.

Facial feedback is defined as: a state of arousal involving facial and bodily changes, brain activation, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, and tendencies toward action, all shaped by cultural rules. the process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed. a set of social and cultural rules that regulate when, how, and where a person may express (or must suppress) emotions. an irrational aspect of our mammalian heritage that no longer has an adaptive function in human behavior.

the process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed.

Adrenal hormones play an important role in: the regulation of daily biological rhythms. promoting attachment and trust. the regulation of blood sugar. facilitating the ejection of milk during nursing.

the regulation of blood sugar

________ is particularly important for the recognition of facial expressions. The left hemisphere The amygdala The right hemisphere The autonomic nervous system

the right hemisphere

Which part of the nervous system produces some behaviors on its own, without any help from the brain? the spinal cord the lymphatic system the cerebellum the endocrine system

the spinal cord

Depressed people tend to believe that: their misery is permanent and uncontrollable. this bleak despair is terrible, but it will pass. the reason for their misery is external. if they just had the energy, they could control the situation.

their misery is permanent and uncontrollable.

After a six-week period of controlled trials, the FDA approves a drug that appears safe and effective in the treatment of school-age boys with ADHD. Once it is approved, doctors are permitted to prescribe it for any patients who: match subjects in the controlled study in regard to ethnicity or cultural background--in this example, Americans match subjects in the controlled study in regard to age--in this example, school age boys and girls match the subjects in the controlled study in regard to gender--in this example, males with a diagnosis of ADHD. they believe may benefit from it, regardless of the patient's condition or personal characteristics

they believe may benefit from it, regardless of the patient's condition or personal characteristics

What effect do depressants have on the body? They decrease the appetite for carbohydrates. They speed up activity in the central nervous system. They relieve pain and produce euphoria. Correct! They slow down activity in the central nervous system.

they slow down activity in the central nervous system

The influence of thought on emotion was studied by assessing athletes' reactions to being among the medal-winners in the 1992 Olympics. The results showed that: second-place winners were happier than third-place winners. third-place winners were happier than second-place winners. the happiness of female athletes followed the ranking in the event, so third place meant third in happiness. there were no significant differences in happiness between third-place and second-place winners.

third-place winners were happier than second-place winners.

Although it weighs only _______________, the brain is the bedrock of all behavior and mental activity. three pounds one pound two pounds five pounds

three pounds

The cortex in the human brain contains almost _______________ of all the cells in the human brain. one-half one-fourth two-thirds three-fourths

three-fourths

Stem cells that are involved in learning and memory seem to divide and mature: until puberty is reached. during the first few months of pregnancy. until the age of 1 year. throughout adulthood

throughout adulthood

The primary aim of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is all of the above. to describe the causes of particular disorders. to describe the best course of treatment for a particular disorder. Correct Answer to provide clear criteria of diagnostic categories.

to provide clear criteria of diagnosic categories

"I may never know for sure whether some of my childhood memories are real or accurate." Which of the following critical thinking guidelines does this example illustrate? tolerate uncertainty don't oversimplify ask questions and be willing to wonder avoid emotional reasoning

tolerate uncertainty

_______________ is a research method popularized by Wilhelm Wundt in which trained volunteers take as long as 20 minutes to report their inner experiences during a 1.5-second experiment. conceptual proliferation critical thinking experimentation trained introspection

trained introspection

_______________ is a research method popularized by Wilhelm Wundt in which trained volunteers take as long as 20 minutes to report their inner experiences during a 1.5-second experiment. critical thinking experimentation conceptual proliferation trained introspection

trained introspection

_______________ occurs when a client responds to her therapist with unconscious emotions or reactions, such as conflicts about her parents. Exposure treatment Free association Correct! Transference Flooding

transference

A baby learns that when he is hungry, food is provided, and when he is in pain, he is cuddled and comforted. Erikson suggested that this baby would be developing a sense of _______________. trust integrity identity intimacy

trust

Narcolepsy involves a(n) _______________. need for only 5 to 6 hours of sleep each night inability to breathe while sleeping unpredictable daytime attack of sleep need for 12 to 14 hours of sleep each night

unpredictable daytime attack of sleep

Power assertion is defined as: discipline that leads a child to internalize moral values. correcting a child's misbehavior by appealing to the child's own resources. using punishment and authority to correct a child's misbehavior.! setting reasonable limits that are within the child's power to follow.

using punishment and authority to correct a child's misbehavior.

Cases of schizophrenia: are seldom associated with biological factors. occur from living in an unpredictable environment. result from erratic, cold, rejecting mothers. vary in severity, duration, and prognosis.

vary in severity, duration, and prognosis

Patients with an external locus of control recovering from heart attacks, when compared to patients with an internal locus of control: were more likely to recover quickly. were more likely to begin exercise programs. were more likely to resume unhealthy habits. were more likely to generate plans for recovery.

were more likely to resume unhealthy habits

Patients with an external locus of control recovering from heart attacks, when compared to patients with an internal locus of control: were more likely to generate plans for recovery. were more likely to resume unhealthy habits. were more likely to recover quickly. were more likely to begin exercise programs.

were more likely to resume unhealthy habits

Researchers have found that: Correct! when a nerve impulse reaches the axon terminal's button-like tip, the action potential releases molecules made of a neurotransmitter. in myelinated axons, the action potential at each point in the axon gives rise to a new action potential at the next point. the receiving neuron will be positively charged when in rest and the neurotransmitter will decrease the positive charge. in unmyelinated axons, positively charged ions flow down the axon at a very fast rate, causing regeneration of the action potential at each node.

when a nerve impulse reaches the axon terminal's button-like tip, the action potential releases molecules made of a neurotransmitter.

Heritable factors seem to be involved: when alcoholism begins in adolescence and is linked to antisocial behaviors. for the male children of alcoholics but not for the female children. for the female children of alcoholics but not for the male children. when alcoholism begins in adulthood with frequent episodes of heavy drinking.

when alcoholism begins in adolescence and is linked to antisocial behaviors.

Current approaches to the physiology of stress have found that: most of Selye's ideas about the general adaptation syndrome were incorrect because the biological when you are under stress, your brain's hypothalamus sends messages to the endocrine glands along when you are under stress, the parasympathetic division of the nervous system becomes activated for a "fight or flight" response. one result of HPA activation is decreased energy, leading a person to become lethargic and apathetic.

when you are under stress, your brain's hypothalamus sends messages to the endocrine glands along

Physical and psychological symptoms that occur when someone addicted to a drug stops taking it are collectively termed as _______________. reuptake tolerance intoxication withdrawal

withdrawal

Major depression is much more likely to be diagnosed among Women Children Asians Men

women

If you put on an angry face then: your heart rate will decelerate more than if you put on a happy face. your heart rate will rise faster than if you put on a happy face. physiological change won't occur because it is a false emotion. your parasympathetic nervous system will become active.

your heart rate will rise faster than if you put on a happy face

During the prenatal stage, the fertilized egg is called a(n): fetus. ova. embryo. Correct! zygote.

zygote