CompTIA IT Fundamentals FC0-U51 - 1.2 - Identify common programs, applications, and their purpose
Executable file types
-exe -msi -app -bat -scexe
Image file types
-jpg -gif -tiff -png -bmp
Audio file types
-mp3 -wav -flac -aac -m4a
Video file types
-mpg: Moving Picture Expert Group -mp4: Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 4 -flv: Flash Video -wmv: Windows Media Video -avi: Audio Video Interleave.
Compression format file types
-rar -tar -zip -dmg -iso -7zip/7z -gzip/gz -jar
Document file types
-txt -rtf -doc/docx -xls/xlsx -ppt/pptx -pdf
.7zip/7z
7ZIP is the default format for the file compression utility 7-Zip archiver. 7z in an updated version of the file format, offering better compression and security.
.app
A Mac application bundle. In MacOS, it looks like an application executable, but the bundle is actually a folder containing the application's files. Window users just see the bundle as a folder.
.exe
A Windows application. An .exe file may have multiple helper files that work with it
.bat
A batch file (or script) is a list of commands to be executed in sequential order.
.jar
A compression format for Java classes and data. You may encounter this when you work with Java applications.
Diagnostic/maintenance software
A diagnostic/maintenance software program is a program written for the express purpose of examining the state, or locating problems with the hardware, or operating system environment that it is running on/in.A diagnostic program is a program written for the express purpose of locating problems with the software, hardware, or any combination there of in a system, or a network of systems. Preferably, diagnostic programs provide solutions to the user to solve issues;
Software firewalls
A firewall is a system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network. You can implement a firewall in either hardware or software form, or a combination of both. Firewalls prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks connected to the Internet, especially intranets.Nov 18, 2013
Personal information manager
A personal information manager (often referred to as a PIM tool or, more simply, a PIM) is a type of application software that functions as a personal organizer. The acronym PIM is now, more commonly, used in reference to personal information management as a field of study.[1] As an information management tool, a PIM tool's purpose is to facilitate the recording, tracking, and management of certain types of "personal information".
.txt
A plain text-file, with no formatting. This is the default format for the Notepad app in Windows, as well as most other text editors.
Platforms
A platform is a group of technologies that are used as a base upon which other applications, processes or technologies are developed. In personal computing, a platform is the basic hardware (computer) and software (operating system) on which software applications can be run. Computers use specific central processing units (CPUs) that are designed to run specific machine language code. In order for the computer to run software applications, the applications must be in that CPU's binary-coded machine language. Thus, historically, application programs written for one platform would not work on a different platform.
.zip
A popular compression format for Windows computers. Originally developed for a command-line application called PKZIP, it is now mostly closely associated with WinZip.
.scexe
A proprietary file extension used by HP for firmware updates.
Spreadsheet software
A spreadsheet software is an interactive computer application for organization, analysis and storage of data in tabular form. The most known example of spreadsheet software is Microsoft Excel.
Word processing software
A word processing software application that performs the task of composing, editing, formatting, and printing of documents. The most known example is Microsoft Word. However, every operating system has some form of word processing software.
.aac
Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) is a proprietary audio coding standard for lossy digital audio compression. Designed to be the successor of the MP3 format, AAC generally achieves better sound quality than MP3 at the same bit rate.[2] The confusingly named AAC+ (HE-AAC) does so only at low bit rates and less so at high ones.
.msi
An installer package file format used in Windows.
Anti-malware
Antimalware software protects against infections caused by many types of malware, including viruses, worms, Trojan horses, rootkits, spyware, keyloggers, ransomware and adware. ... The terms antivirus software and antimalware software are often used as synonyms.
CAD
CAD (computer-aided design) software is used by architects, engineers, drafters, artists, and others to create precision drawings or technical illustrations. CAD software can be used to create two-dimensional (2-D) drawings or three-dimensional (3-D) models.
Collaboration software
Collaborative software or groupware is application software designed to help people involved in a common task to achieve their goals. One of the earliest definitions of collaborative software is "intentional group processes plus software to support them".
Basic Database Software
Database software is the phrase used to describe any software that is designed for creating databases and managing the information stored in them. Microsoft Access is an example of database software.
Document storage/sharing
Document storage/sharing is the practice of sharing or offering access to digital information or resources, including documents, multimedia (audio/video), graphics, computer programs, images and e-books. It is the private or public distribution of data or resources in a network with different levels of sharing privileges. Document storage/sharing can be done using several methods. The most common techniques for file storage, distribution and transmission include the following: - Removable storage devices - Centralized file hosting server installations on networks - World Wide Web-oriented hyperlinked documents - Distributed peer-to-peer networks
Email software
Email software is a program that features and functionality for using electronic mail. In most cases, these programs are not actual email hosting technologies, but rather, email editors with different formats, layout and messaging functionality tools.
Email Software
Email software is software whose purpose is to compose, send, receive, and store e-mail messages. Common email software includes Microsoft Outlook, Mozilla Thunderbird, and Gmail
Entertainment
Entertainment software is specialized that is designed for entertainment purposes. Examples of entertainment software include anything from music and video player applications to streaming services like Netflix, Amazon Prime, or Hulu.
Compression software
File compression software is a data compression method in which the logical size of a file is reduced to save disk space for easier and faster transmission over a network or the Internet. It enables the creation of a version of one or more files with the same data at a size substantially smaller than the original file.
Financial
Financial software is specialized software whose purpose is to aid in financial calculations. Some examples include Quickbooks, Turbotax, and other financial software.
.flac
Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC) is similar to MP3, but the lossless compression yields a little higher quality.
Gaming
Gaming software is specialized software designed for the purposing of gaming. Gaming software can be intensive on the demands of PC, or as basic as a game that is played on a smartphone. Or as specialized as designed for a gaming console such as the Playstation 4, Xbox One X, or Nintendo Switch.
.gif
Graphics File Interchange (GIF) is an uncompressed format. It supports only 256 colors, so it's not a great choice for photos, but it is popular for Web page ads because it can store and cycle through several graphics in a single file.
Graphic design
In computer graphics, graphics software refers to a program or collection of programs that enable a person to manipulate images or models visually on a computer. ... Examples of such programs include GIMP, Adobe Photoshop, CorelDRAW, Pizap, Microsoft Publisher, Picasa, etc.
Instant messaging software
Instant messaging (IM) is a type of online chat that offers real-time text transmission over the Internet. A LAN messenger operates in a similar way over a local area network. Short messages are typically transmitted between two parties, when each user chooses to complete a thought and select "send".
.jpg
Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPG or JPEG) is a lossy image compression format that sacrifices some image quality but has a very small file size. It's commonly used on the Web and in onscreen graphics, where you can't detect the reduced image quality.
Medical
Medical software is any software item or system used within a medical context, such as: standalone software used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes; software embedded in a medical device (often referred to as "medical device software")
.xls/xlsx
Microsoft Excel, the spreadsheet application, uses XSLX as its default format. The XLS format is an earlier version, used in Excel 2003 and earlier and is still supported.
.ppt/pptx
Microsoft PowerPoint, the presentation application, uses PPTX as its default format. The PPT format is an earlier version, used in PowerPoint 2003 and earlier and still supported.
Mobile
Mobile devices are made for use on the go and are therefore smaller and lighter than desktop and laptop systems. The two major types of devices that fill the role of mobile devices are smartphones and tablets.
Open source vs. commercial
Open source software is software that is made available to the public free of charge, and allows users to use, modify, and redistribute open source software. Commercial software is software that is developed by a private company. Further, commerical software is charged for and the source code is kept private. Commercial software is typically prohibited from either giving or selling of the software by the user.
PDF viewers/creators
PDF Viewer/Creator software is software either allows you to view or create documents in the portable document form.
Portable Document Format (PDF) is the default format for Adobe Acrobat and Adobe Reader. This format is designed to make document consistent when distributing documents across platforms.
.png
Portable Network Graphics (PNG) is the successor of GIF. It uses lossless compression and supports 16.7 million colors, a big improvement from GIF's 256 colors. It is one of the most popular formats used on Web pages and in game graphics.
Productivity software
Productivity software (sometimes called personal productivity software or office productivity software[1]) is application software dedicated to producing information, such as documents, presentations, worksheets, databases, charts, graphs, digital paintings, electronic music and digital video
Remote desktop software
Remote desktop software is software that is used to access a desktop or desktop interface of a remote computer locally. It enables connecting, accessing and controlling the data and resources of the remote/destination computer in such a way that the user is able to access locally.
.rtf
Rich Text Format(RTF) is a widely accepted generic word processing format. Nearly all word processing applications can read and write this format. It includes all the basic text formatting options, including fonts, attributes, paragraph indentation, margins, bullets and numbering, and header/footers.
Scientific
Scientific software is specialized software that is used for scientific purposes such as research or academics. Examples are Mathlab, bio-imagining software, and more.
Screen sharing software
Screen sharing involves sharing access to a given computer screen. Screen sharing software uses many different methods to allow sharing a screen remotely with a second user for collaboration purposes or other objectives. Screen sharing is also the name of a proprietary Apple product developed for these purposes.
.bmp
Short for bitmap, the BMP format is one of the oldest raster formats used in personal computing. In the early days of Windows, BMP was the only format that Microsoft's application Paint supported. BMP is widely supported by many graphics applications for backward compatibility but no longer widely used because there are other formats that are more appealing in terms of file size and quality.
Specialized software
Specialized Application Software is a software that is specially designed for an individual or company's specific needs. Application software, or more. commonly known as "Apps", are basic programs for everyday use, such as Office suites.
.tiff
Tagged Image File Format (TFF or TIFF) uses lossless compression an is considered a high-quality format but with a rather large file size. Some digital cameras capture images in this format, and photos in publications that will be printed on paper often use format becaue of the high quality.
.doc/docx
The DOCX format is the current format for Microsoft Word documents and is used by many other word processing applications for compatibility with Word. The DOC format is an earlier version, used in 2003 and earlier and is still supported.
.tar
The Linux and Unix standard archive format. It's an acronym that stands for tape archive.
.gzip/gz
The default format for the gzip utility. The G stands for GNU. GNU is a Linux variant.
.rar
The default format of the WinRAR file archive program
Desktop
The desktop computer or the PC is the traditional computer that requires a monitor, mouse, and keyboard. While the desktop PC lacks in mobility, typically a desktop PC is more powerful than both laptop PCs or mobile devices. Desktop pcs also can be solely workstations, or be used for enetertainment purposes.
.dmg
The format of a MacOS disc image; similar to ISO but for Mac.
.iso
The format of a file that represents an optical disc image; use a DVD burning application to burn an ISO file to removable media such as a blank CD, DVD, or a USB flash drive.
.wav
The raw data inside is usually uncompressed CD-quality sound. The files are large, so this format is not usually used for long clips. This is the default container format for the Sound Recorder application in Windows.
.m4a
This format is used for music downloads from iTunes that have no copy protection on them. The M4A is a container file, and the content inside the container is usually coded as AAC.
.mp3
This is a common general format for music files. It's popular because it uses a high level of lossy compression (so files are small), it lacks copy protection (so files can be freely shared), and almost all music player applications support it. The extension is short for Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 3 Audio.
Utility software
Utility software is system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize or maintain a computer. It is used to support the computer infrastructure in contrast to application software, which is aimed at directly performing tasks that benefit ordinary users.
Video conferencing software
Video conferencing software facilitates initiating and conducting live conferences between two or more participants at different sites by using computer networks to transmit audio, video and text data. ... Most video conferencing software let users communicate and share and collaborate on files.
Web-based
Web-based applications can refer to the Chrome OS system which is solely web-based, or to web-based applications that runs an application directly from the internet via a Web browser. With a web-based application, you do not have to do not have to download or install the application, but access from the web server which connects to the web server where the application is stored.
Presentation software
presentation software package used to display information in the form of a slide show. It has three major functions: an editor that allows text to be inserted and formatted, a method for inserting and manipulating graphic images, and a slide-show system to display the content
