CompTIA Network+ exam Chapter 5

What is the primary function of a bridge?

Breaks up collision domains

This device uses hardware addresses to filter a network.

Bridge or switch

Your organization need to have more than one FQDN. Which of the following DNS resource records will allow this?

CNAME

Drag the network devices to match them with their descriptions.

Firewall: Provides controlled data access between networks DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server: Automatically distributes IP information Multilayer switch: Functions as a switch or router Content switch: Forwards data by application Multifunction device: Combines network services

Hierarchical tree structure of domains

.com: A commercial organization. Most companies end up as part of this domain. .edu: An educational establishment, such as a university. .gov: A branch of the US government. .int: An international organization, such as NATO or the United Nations. .mil: A branch of the US military. .net: A network organization. .org: A nonprofit organization.

Bridge

A bridge-specifically, a transparent bridge-is a network device that connects two similar network segments together. Its primary function is to keep traffic separated on either side of the bridge, breaking up collision domains.

HIDS

In a host-based IDS (HIDS), software runs on one computer to detect abnormalities on that system alone by monitoring applications, system logs, and event logs-not by directly monitoring network traffic.

What advantage does a switch have over a hub?

It recognizes frame boundaries and destination MAC addresses of incoming frames. Like a hub, a switch connects multiple segments of a network together, with one important difference. Whereas a hub sends out anything it receives on one port to all the others, a switch recognizes frame boundaries and pays attention to the destination MAC address of the incoming frame as well as the port on which it was received.

Which of the following is not an advantage of using appliances t to offload services like encryption and content filtering?

Less expensive Using appliances to offload functions such as encryption, content filtering, and VPN concentration can decrease the workload of other systems and add functionality that may be present in these dedicated devices.

Drag the specialized devices from the bottom onto their descriptions on the left.

Load Balancer: it provides fault tolerance, redundancy, as well as the scalability to large networking environments. Proxy Server: It handles its client-machine requests by forwarding them onto other servers. Encryption Device: It is used to offload the process from other devices like routers and servers. DNS Servers: It contains host name-to-IP address mappings, IP address-to-host name mappings, etc.arding or STP.

Which device should be used if you need to send incoming packets to one or more machines that are hidden behind a single IP address?

Load balancer

Which of the following DNS resource records is queried to locate a company's mail server?

MX

Drag the hub type from the right onto the boxes corresponding to their matching descriptions.

Passive Hubs: Take incoming electrical signals on one port and pass them down the cable on their other ports Active Hubs: Simply rebroadcast the incoming traffic Switching Hubs: Listen to each port and make records of attached NIC hardware addresses Intelligent Hubs: Hubs with advanced features

Drag the WAN bandwidths to match them with their features. Each bandwidth may match more than one feature.

T lines: Allow the line to carry 24 channels, each capable of transmitting 64 Kbps. Require repeaters that can regenerate the signal every 6,000 feet. Used for voice only, can support 24 separate telephone lines, one for each channel. E Lines: A digital transmission format devised by ITU. Can transmit data at a rate of 2.048 Mbps. Fractional T1 lines: Work for businesses that don't need the complete bandwidth of a full 24 channel T1 line.

Which of the following is the multifunction device in a SOHO network?

Wireless router

Drag the network devices to match them with their descriptions.

Hub: Connects devices on an Ethernet twisted-pair network Switch: Connects devices on a twisted-pair network Router: Connects various networks depending upon the data to be transferred Bridge: Connects LANs to reduce overall network traffic

DHCP Relay

If you need to provide addresses from a DHCP server to hosts that aren't on the same LAN as the DHCP server, you can configure your router interface to relay or forward the DHCP client requests. If we don't provide this service, our router would receive the DHCP client broadcast, promptly discard it, and the remote host would never receive an address-unless we added a DHCP server on every broadcast domain! Let's take a look at how we would typically configure DHCP service in today's networks.

You work as a network administrator for McRoberts Inc. The company has a TCP/IP-based network. You install a new client computer. When you connect the computer to a hub, the activity LED of the NIC does not light up. You connect the computer to another hub, and the LED lights up. When you connect the computer to the first hub again, the activity LED of the NIC does not light again. What is the most likely cause?

The first hub's port on which the computer is connected is faulty.

This figure shows a schematic of a regional ISP (Internet Service Provider). Click to mark the device which is responsible for determining the best path for data to pass between networks.

The router is the device which is responsible for determining the best path for data to pass between networks. It does this by opening the MAC (Media Access Control) layer envelope and examining the contents of packets.

By default, which of the following ports is used by the DNS service?

53

Which of the following is the default port for DNS zone transfer?

53

Which of the following ports will you open in firewall to enable DNS resolution outside your local network?

53

Which of the following DNS resource records is used to resolve the host name to the IP address?

A

Multilayer Switch

A multilayer switch (MLS) is a computer networking device that switches on Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Layer 2 like an ordinary network switch but provides routing. A 24-port MLS gives you the best of both worlds. It operates at Layer 3 (routing) while still providing 24 collision domains, which a router could not do. The major difference between the packet-switching operation of a router and that of a Layer 3 or multilayer switch lies in the physical implementation. In routers, packet switching takes place using a microprocessor, whereas a Layer 3 switch handles this by using application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) hardware. I'd show you a picture of a Layer 3 switch, but they look just like regular Layer 2 switches and you already know what those look like. The differences are the hardware inside and the operating system.

Network Interface Card

A network interface card (NIC) is installed in your computer to connect, or interface, your computer to the network. It provides the physical, electrical, and electronic connections to the network media.

Proxy Server

A proxy server is basically a type of server that handles its client-machine requests by forwarding them on to other servers while allowing granular control over the traffic between the local LAN and the Internet. When it receives a request, the proxy will then connect to the specific server that can fulfill the request for the client that wants it.

Router

A router is a network device used to connect many, sometimes disparate, network segments together, combining them into what we call an internetwork. A well-configured router can make intelligent decisions about the best way to get network data to its destination. It gathers the information it needs to make these decisions based on a network's particular performance data.

You want your administrative host to have the same IP address all the time, but you use DHCP on your network. What should you do?

Add the host into the DHCP reservation list.

Access Point

An AP is just a hub that accepts wireless clients via an analog wireless signal.

Encryption Devices

Analog Modem Packet Shaper VPN Concentrator

Which device produces a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data?

Analog modem

What is an advantage of using DHCP in a network environment?

Assigns IP address to hosts

Two main types of proxy servers

Caching Proxy Server: A caching proxy server speeds up the network's service requests by recovering information from a client's or clients' earlier request. Caching proxies keep local copies of the resources requested often, which really helps minimize the upstream use of bandwidth. These servers can greatly enhance network performance. Web Proxy Server: A web proxy server is usually used to create a web cache. You experience this when you Google a site you've visited before. The web proxy "remembers" you, and the site not only loads faster, it sometimes even recalls your personal information by automatically filling in your username-or even your billing/shipping information when you place another order. I want to mention one more thing before we move on from proxies, and this is reverse proxies. Unlike a forward proxy, a reverse proxy takes requests from the Internet and forwards them to servers in an internal network, whereas the forward proxy we discussed in this section takes client requests and sends them to the Internet.

In the FDDI network, each network node is connected to a central cabling nexus called a ____.

Concentrator

While setting up a SOHO network, what will be your first step?

Create a list of requirements and constraints

Apart from the DHCP server, which of the following services is required for automated IP assignment on a network that is configured with two or more VLANs?

DHCP relay

Users on a TCP/IP network are able to ping resources using IP addresses. However, they're unable to connect to those resources through their host names. A malfunction or failure of which of the following servers may be the cause of the issue?

DNS

Which type of server in your network uses pointer and A records?

DNS server A DNS server uses many types of records. An A record is a hostname to IP address record, and a pointer record is an IP address to hostname record.

Hardware addresses are defined at this layer.

Data Link (MAC sublayer)

Ethernet is defined at these layers.

Data Link and Physical

Which of the following should be implemented to protect an organization from spam?

E-mail filtering

You need to install a temporary server and configure it. You're going to use the server's fiber optic network interface card to make the connection to the network. Here's what you need to do: Connect the Ethernet Cat5e cable ends to the Front Office and to the port 4 of the lower Power section. Use the ST to LC cable to complete the connection. Connect the LC connector to the switch. Connect the ST A connector to the Tx port on the computer. Connect the ST B connector to the Rx port on the computer. Note: Connector A is red and connector B is black in color.

From the cables category, insert one end of the Ethernet Cat5e cable into the Front Office port on the patch panel. Insert the other end of the cable into the port 4 on the switch. Go to the back view of the Networking Closet tab; select the ST to LC cable, and insert ST B connector (black) into the Rx port. (down) Insert the ST A connector (red) into the Tx port. (Up) To connect the server and the switch, go to the front view tab, and insert the LC connector into one of the fiber optic port on the switch.

A network device that is used to connect multiple devices together without segmenting a network is a ______.

Hub

This device can never run full duplex.

Hub

This device creates one big collision domain and one large broadcast domain.

Hub

Which device does not aid in network segmentation?

Hub

Which of the following is a network device used to connect multiple devices without segmenting a network?

Hub

Drag the network components to match them with their descriptions.

Hub: A layer 1 device that connects segments of a LAN and contains multiple ports Switch: A layer 2 device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments Router: A layer 3 device that forwards data packets along networks Server: A program, or machine, that waits for incoming requests Media: A copper cabling or a fiber optic cabling that interconnects devices

Which of the following statements are true about LEDs on a client computer's network card?

Indicate whether the client computer is receiving data. Indicate whether the client computer is sending data.

IDS/IPS

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) and intrusion prevention systems (IPSs) are network security appliances that monitor networks and packets for malicious activity. An IDS is considered monitor mode and just records and tells you about problems, whereas an IPS can work in real time to stop threats as they occur.

Which of the following is not a term used when making SOHO Internet connections?

NIC

Logical addressing is used at this layer.

Network

Packet Shaper

Packet shaping (also known as traffic shaping, it's a form of rate limiting) is an internetworking traffic management technique that delays some or all packets to bring them into compliance with your or your company's traffic profile. This profile is used to optimize or guarantee performance, improve latency, and/or increase usable bandwidth for some kinds of packets by delaying other kinds, decided on by you.

Which is not an advantage of network segmentation?

Preventing broadcast storms Reduced congestion, Improved security, Containing network problems all aid in boosting network performance, so the only option left is broadcast storms. Increased traffic will increase LAN congestion.

Which of the following is among the benefits of a switch?

Provides extra bandwidth

Which type of server should you configure to deny access to a specific website?

Proxy Server

You need a device that can prevent your users from accessing certain websites. Which device should you install?

Proxy server A proxy server can be used to prevent external traffic from reaching your internal network directly and can also be used to filter the sites to which your users are allowed to connect.

Users on your network are saturating your bandwidth because they are using too many non-work-related sites. What device would limit the availability of the types of sites that users on a LAN have access to while providing granular control over the traffic between the local LAN and the Internet?

Proxy server A proxy server can provide many functions. A proxy server can use a caching engine so repeated access requests for web information would accelerate repeated access for users, and they can also limit the availability of websites.

Which of the following amplifies signals so that they can travel longer distances without suffering from signal degradation?

Repeater

A Layer 3 switch or multilayer switch.

Router

This device breaks up collision domains and broadcast domains.

Router

This device can measure the distance to a remote network.

Router

This device sends and receives information about the Network layer.

Router

What is a benefit of a multilayer switch (MLS) over a Layer 2 switch?

Routing functions

A network with a small number of users (typically 1 to 10) is termed as ____.

SOHO

What type of physical device must you have between host devices for full duplex to function?

Switch

Which device creates separate collision domains and a single broadcast domain?

Switch

Which network device helps reduce broadcast traffic and allows individual virtual networks?

Switch

Which of the following devices can be used in place of a hub to control the network traffic efficiently?

Switch

Which of the following devices can work at both Layers 2 and 3 of the OSI model?

Switch

You work as a Network Administrator for McNeil Inc. The company has a TCP/IP-based network. Performance of the network is slow because of heavy traffic. A hub is used as a central connecting device in the network. Which of the following devices can be used in place of a hub to control the network traffic efficiently?

Switch

Which device is used to segment a network?

Switch When we say segment, we mean to create multiple collision or broadcast domains. Hubs don't segment a network; they just connect network segments together. Repeaters don't segment the network; they repeat a signal and allow the distance covered to be increased. So the only correct option is B, a switch.

This device creates many smaller collision domains, but the network is still one large broadcast domain.

Switch or bridge

Drag the network connectivity devices to match them with their descriptions.

Switch: Connects all network segments together in a star topology. NIC Card: Provides physical, electrical, and electronic connections to the network media. Bridge: Connects two similar network segments together. Router: Makes intelligent decisions about the best way to get network data to its destination.

Users arrive at the office after a weekend and the hosts that were shut down over the weekend are restarted but cannot access the LAN or Internet. Hosts that were not shut down are working fine. Where can the problem be?

The DHCP server

You work as a network administrator for a company. The company has a TCP/IP-based network. Users on the network complain that they're unable to connect to the Web server hosted on the Intranet by using its host name. You find that users can access the server by using its IP address. What is the most likely cause of the issue?

The DNS server is unavailable.

Click to select the device which makes traffic-forwarding decisions based on MAC addresses.

The device which makes traffic-forwarding decisions based on MAC addresses is Switch.

Your company has a TCP/IP-based routed network as shown below: Users complain that they are unable to communicate with the other subnet resources. However, they are able to communicate within their own segment. Which of the following can be the most likely cause of the issue?

The router

Two advantages of using routers in your network:

They don't forward broadcasts by default. They can filter the network based on Layer 3 (network layer) information (such as an IP address).

Commonly cause LAN traffic congestion

Too many hosts in a broadcast domain Broadcast storms Multicasting Low bandwidth Adding hubs for connectivity to the network

Drag the images of internetwork devices from the right onto their appropriate places in the given network.

Top: Bridge Right: Router Left: Switch

What role does the A record in a Domain Name Service (DNS) server have in your network?

Translates human name to IP address

This layer creates a virtual circuit before transmitting between two end stations.

Transport

This layer supports flow control and sequencing.

Transport

When analyzing an event, IDS can make one of the four determinations. Drag the IDS determination types from the right to the boxes corresponding with their correct descriptions.

True positive: The IDS has correctly identified an attack or breach of security. False negative: The IDS has misidentified an attack or breach as a normal or benign activity. True negative: The IDS has correctly identified the event as a normal, non-threatening action. False positive: The IDS has incorrectly identified a normal or benign activity.

What is the most common use for a web proxy?

Web cache

Drag the appropriate network connectivity device that you'll use to set up a network onto the box in the middle of the figure.

You'll use a hub for setting up a network. A hub is a device that is used to set up a network in a way that a single cable failure will not bring the network down.

Load Balancer

Your average router just sends incoming packets to their specified, correlative IP address on the network, but a load balancer can actually send incoming packets to multiple machines hidden behind one IP address.

Click to select the functions of a network in information technology.

- File sharing between two computers. - Video chatting between computers located in different parts of the world. - Instant messaging (IM) between computers with IM software installed. - Surfing the web. Note: An operating system provides a user interface and handles system resources, such as a computer's memory and sharing of the central processing unit (CPU) time by various applications or peripheral devices.

VPN Concentrator

A VPN concentrator is a device that accepts multiple VPN connections from remote locations. Although this function can be performed by a router or server, as with the encryption gateways and content filtering devices discussed earlier, the same performance benefits can be derived from dedicating a device to this.

Domain Name Service Server

A hostname is typically the name of a device that has a specific IP address; on the Internet, it is part of what is known as a fully qualified domain name (FQDN). An FQDN consists of a hostname and a domain name.

Hub

A hub is the device that connects all the segments of the network together in a star topology Ethernet network. Each device in the network connects directly to the hub through a single cable and is used to connect multiple devices without segmenting a network. Any transmission received on one port will be sent out all the other ports in the hub, including the receiving pair for the transmitting device, so that Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) on the transmitter can monitor for collisions. Most of the time, hubs really aren't recommended for corporate networks because of their limitations.

Active hub

A hub that is powered and actively regenerates any signal that is received.

Analog Modem

A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information and demodulates the signal to decode the transmitted information. I gave you an example of this when I explained APs earlier in the chapter because an AP modulates and demodulates a signal just like a modem.

You're administering a TCP/IP network. You install an additional NIC card on a Web server on your network. Which of the following best describes the requirement of a second NIC card on the server?

Better uptime

What is Latency?

Latency is the time measured from when a frame enters a port to when it exits.

Switch

Switches connect multiple segments of a network together much like hubs do, but with three significant differences-a switch recognizes frames and pays attention to the source and destination MAC address of the incoming frame as well as the port on which it was received. A switch makes each of its ports a unique, singular collision domain. Hubs don't do those things. They simply send anything they receive on one port out to all the others.

What are the benefits of deploying switches over hubs in your infrastructure.

Switches lower the number of collisions in the environment. Switches allow for the creation of Virtual LANs providing options for further segmentation and security.

Managed Switches and Unmanaged Switches

Switches that can perform the basic switching process and do not allow you to configure more advanced features-like adding an IP address for telnetting to the device or adding VLANs-are called unmanaged switches. Others, like Cisco switches that do allow an IP address to be configured for management with such applications as SNMP and do allow special ports to be configured (as in VoIP), are called managed switches.

You're a network administrator of a TCP/IP-based Token Ring network. A workstation is replaced by a new workstation on the network. You've configured the new workstation with appropriate TCP/IP settings. When you try to communicate with the server, it fails. What is the most likely cause of the issue?

Wrong speed of NIC The most likely cause of the issue is wrong speed of NIC. As you've replaced a workstation with the new one, it's possible that the new workstation's NIC has been configured with different speed than other workstations in the Token Ring. In a Token Ring network, it's required to have all the workstations operating at the same speed. Answer options A, C, and D are incorrect because all these reasons can be the valid reasons but not the most likely ones. Moreover, the question itself specifies that you've configured the new workstation with appropriate TCP/IP settings.