COMPUTER CONCEPTS MIDTERM
If A is 5 and B is -7, find the solution to the following operation: B + A
-2
Convert the real number 0.25 to binary using 5 binary places.
0.01000
Convert the real number 0.26 to octal using 5 octal places.
0.20000
The following state of memory is given: 0001 A2 0002 11 0003 00 0004 FF What are the contents of the A register after the execution of the instruction C0 00 01 and then 60 00 01?
00 02
The following state of memory is given: 0001 A2 0002 11 0003 00 0004 FF What are the contents of the A register after the execution of the instruction C1 00 01 and then 60 00 01?
00 02
The following state of memory is given: 0001 A2 0002 11 0003 00 0004 FF What are the contents of location 0001 after the execution of the instruction C1 00 03 and then E0 00 01?
00 FF
Convert binary 1 to decimal.
1
How many transistors does it take for the NOT gate
1
Which number represents the value of the base in every number system?
10
If A is 11111110 and B is 00000010, evaluate the following expression using two's complement: B - A
100 or 00000100
Convert hexadecimal 8 to binary.
1000
Convert decimal 69 to binary.
1000101
Which power of ten corresponds to the prefix "pico-"?
10^-12
Which power of 10 corresponds to the Latin "thousandth"
10^-3
Which power of ten corresponds to the prefix "micro-"?
10^-6
Which power of ten corresponds to the prefix "tera-"?
10^12
Which power of ten is roughly equivalent to 2^50
10^15
Which power of ten is roughly equivalent to 2^10
10^3
Which power of ten is roughly equivalent to 2¹º?
10^3
Which power of ten is used in relation to internet speeds
10^3
Which power of ten corresponds to the prefix "mega-"?
10^6
Which power of ten corresponds to the prefix "giga-"
10^9
The following state of memory is given: 0001 A2 0002 11 0003 00 0004 FF What are the contents of the A register after the execution of the instruction C1 00 02?
11 00
If A is 11111110 and B is 00000010, evaluate the following expression using two's complement: -B
11111110
How many things can be represented with 7 bits?
128
In base 16, the digit E corresponds to what decimal value?
14
Convert binary 1100010 to octal.
142
What is the decimal value of the largest digit in the hexadecimal number system?
15
Convert octal 521 to hexadecimal.
151
Convert hexadecimal 10 to decimal.
16
High color uses __________ bits.
16
How many bits is the word length of the Pep/9 machine?
16
Given that the word length in the Pep/9 virtual computer is 2 bytes, how long is the information that flows into and out of the arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) of the PEP/9's CPU?
16 bits
Convert octal 605 to hexadecimal.
185
How many digits are there in the binary number system?
2
How many transistors does it take for the AND gate?
2
How many transistors does it take for the NOR gate
2
How many transistors does it take for the NOR gate?
2
How many transistors does it take for the OR gate?
2
Perform the following octal subtraction: 7766 - 5544 = __________.
2222
Convert hexadecimal A9 to octal.
251
The prefix "giga-" refers to which power of 2?
2^30
What is the minimum number of bits needed to represent 6 things?
3
What is the minimum number of nodes in a binary tree with 3 levels?
3
How many things can be represented with 5 bits?
32
How many things can be represented using two bits?
4
If W is 17, and X is 28, evaluate the following expression: X + W
45
Convert 777 from base 8 to base 10.
511
The formula to compute the negative representation in a fixed-size number scheme is Negative(I) = 10k - I, where k is the number of digits. If k in the formula for the ten's complement is 6, how would be -444455 represented?
555545
How many things can be represented with 6 bits?
64
Convert binary 01101110 to hexadecimal.
6E
Convert 111 from base 2 to base 10.
7
Perform the following octal subtraction: 1066 - 776 = __________.
70
Convert 111 from base 8 to base 10.
73
A byte contains how many bits?
8
How many digits are there in the octal number system?
8
How many mode specifiers are there?
8
How many things can be represented using three bits?
8
How many transistors does it take for the XOR gate
8
How many transistors does it take for the XOR gate?
8
Convert binary 1001 to decimal.
9
The formula to compute the negative representation in a fixed-size number scheme is Negative(I) = 10k - I, where k is the number of digits. If k in the formula for the ten's complement is 6, how would be −35768 represented?
964,232
Perform the following hexadecimal subtraction: 9988 − AB = __________.
98DD
Which of the following best describes a virtual computer?
A hypothetical computer used to illustrate the features of a real machine
The following state of memory is given: 0001 A2 0002 11 0003 00 0004 FF What are the contents of the A register after the execution of the instruction C1 00 01?
A2 11
Convert binary 10101001 to hexadecimal.
A9
Perform the following hexadecimal addition: AE9 + F = __________.
AF8
The __________ gate produces a 1 only if all its inputs are 1 and a 0 otherwise.
AND
Which gate produces the carry portion of two binary digits in a half adder?
AND
A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the viewer is called __________.
Abstraction
Which of the following is not an operation that can be performed by a Pep/9 machine instruction?
Add the contents of the program counter to the accumulator
Which of the following phrases best describes a Turing machine?
An abstract mathematical model of computing
What is an assembler directive?
An instruction to the assembler program
Which phase has a problem statement as its output?
Analysis and specification
Which of the following allows information to be passed into a subprogram?
Argument
Which of the following best describes the number of characters that can be represented in the Unicode character set?
Around 65,000
Which problem-solving strategy is used when there is an apparent contradiction in the problem statement?
Ask questions
__________ language created a buffer between the programmer and the machine hardware by the end of the first generation of computer software.
Assembly
Which language is built into the electrical circuitry of a computer?
Assembly language
The equation (AB)C = A(BC) is an example of which Boolean algebra property?
Associative
The equation (AB)C=A(BC) is an example of which Boolean algebra property
Associative
Who designed the first mechanical machine that included memory?
Babbage
Which of the following eliminates a large portion of the data with each comparison?
Binary search
Which of the following uses a "divide and conquer" approach?
Binary search
Which structure would be more suitable choice for an electronic address book ordered by name?
Binary search tree
Which of the following is technology storing up to 50 GB
Blu-ray
Which of the following describes a key step in object-oriented programming?
Brainstorming the classes within a problem
Which of the following is a format used in audio recordings
CD-DA
In which of the following are tests designed based only on possible input data (rather than code)?
Clear-box testing
What machine is considered by many to be the first all-programmable electronic digital computer?
Colossus
The separation of the logical view of a control structure from its implementation is called __________.
Control abstraction
Which of the following includes selection statements and repetition statements?
Control structures
Which of the following characters are not represented in the ASCII character set?
Cyrillic characters
__________ coverage is an approach to computer program testing that involves designing tests to ensure that the limits of the permissible data are covered.
Data
The separation of the logical view of data from its implementation is called __________.
Data abstraction
Which of the following refers to the separation of the logical view of data from its implementation?
Data abstraction
The equation (A+B)' = A'B' represents which property (or law) of OR gates?
De Morgan's Law
Which of the following associates an identifier with a variable, an action, or some other entity within the language?
Declaration
Which of the following best describes top-down design?
Decomposing a general solution into more concrete solutions to subproblems
__________ data is a discrete representation of information.
Digital
Which Pep/9 addressing mode indicates that the operand contains the location of data rather than the data itself?
Direct
Which problem-solving strategy is used in the Quicksort algorithm?
Divide and conquer
Which strategy is used in the binary search algorithms?
Divide and conquer
The rules for converting base-10 numbers to other bases involve which of the following?
Dividing by the base into which you are converting the number
In 1973, Robert Metcalfe and David Boggs invented __________, which used a cheap coaxial cable to connect computers into a network.
Ethernet
The highest digit in base 16 is __________.
F
A NOT gate allows only one of its two input values to pass
False
A NOT gate allows only one of its two input values to pass.
False
A byte is made up of six binary digits.
False
A compact disc stores data using magnetized particles
False
A computer must use the binary number system to represent information.
False
A computer represents information in an analog form.
False
A computer with a parallel architecture uses multiple transistors to solve a problem.
False
A multiplexer adds all of the bits on its input lines to produce its output.
False
A stack and a queue are different names for the same ADT.
False
A vacuum tube was a device used in the first generation of computers to link computers together into a network.
False
ADDA 0x008B,i adds the contents of 008B to the A register.
False
Algorithms that use a list must know whether the list is array based or linked.
False
An AND gate and an OR gate produce opposite output.
False
An embedded system describes computing technology that has been enclosed in protective shielding for security reasons.
False
Assembly language instructions are executed directly by the hardware of a particular computer.
False
Binary numbers are important in computing because a binary number can be converted into every other base.
False
Binary numbers are important in computing because numbers in every base can be converted into them.
False
Binary numbers can be read off in hexadecimal but not in octal.
False
Boolean expressions are more powerful than logic diagrams in expressing the processing of gates and circuits
False
Each machine language instruction performs a single complex task, such as sorting a list of numbers.
False
Event-controlled loops repeat a specific number of times.
False
High-level languages were introduced during the fourth generation of computer software.
False
In a sequential circuit, the output is determined solely by the input values.
False
In a von Neumann architecture, the units that store information and the units that process information are the same
False
In a von Neumann architecture, the units that store information and the units that process information are the same.
False
In lossy data compression, the data can be retrieved without any loss of information.
False
Indexed color increases the number of colors that can be used in an image, and thus increases the file size.
False
Large-scale integration is the process of using multiple input devices on a single computer.
False
Loops can be nested, but selection structures cannot.
False
Negative numbers cannot be represented using the fixed-sized number representation technique.
False
Run-length encoding is very good at compressing English text.
False
Selection structures can be nested, but loops cannot.
False
Starting from left to right, every grouping of four binary digits can be read as one hexadecimal digit.
False
The AND and OR gates produce opposite results for the same input.
False
The JPEG image format is best used for line art, while the GIF format is superior for photographic images.
False
The base of a number system determines the number of digit positions that can be used for any number in the system.
False
The base of the hexadecimal number system is 15.
False
The bit pattern stored at a particular memory location conveys the kind of information that it represents (a number, part of an image, etc).
False
The bit pattern stored at a particular memory location conveys the kind of information that it represents (a number, part of an image, etc.).
False
The code-coverage testing approach eliminates the need to test some of the code by covering it with a theoretical "black box."
False
The digits used in base 8 are 1 through 8.
False
The instruction specifier is one byte long.
False
The inversion bubble of a NAND gate causes its inputs to be negated
False
The number of bits in a word is the same on all machines.
False
The program counter is 3 bytes long.
False
The program counter is a register that stores the number of instructions executed by a computer
False
The program counter is a register that stores the number of instructions executed by a computer.
False
The read/write heads of a disk drive all read from the same disk at the same time
False
The read/write heads of a disk drive all read from the same disk at the same time.
False
The square root algorithm used a count-controlled loop.
False
The topic areas in the 1989 computer science curriculum model are the same as those in the 2001 model.
False
The value of each position in a number system is determined by subtracting the base from the position number.
False
Two different circuits cannot produce the same output given the same input
False
To which software generation does HTML for the web belong?
Fifth
To which hardware generation does card input/output belong?
First
Which technique for representing numeric data uses the mantissa to hold the significant digits of a value?
Floating Point
To which hardware generation does large-scale integration belong?
Fourth
To which hardware generation does networking belong?
Fourth
To which hardware generation does parallel computing belong?
Fourth
To which hardware generation does personal computer belong?
Fourth
To which software generation do spreadsheet belong?
Fourth
To which software generation do word processors belong?
Fourth
Which language paradigm has no assignment statement?
Functional
Which of the following is a device that performs basic operation of electric signals
Gate
Who wrote the book "How to Solve It," which outlines a general approach to problem solving?
George Polya
Which of the following can be either directed or undirected?
Graph
Which of the following is the unit of frequency
Hertz
Which of the following best describes the concept of abstraction?
Hiding Details
In which text compression technique is it invalid for a bit string that represents a character to be the prefix of any other string used to represent a character?
Huffman encoding
The equation A1 = A is an example of which Boolean algebra property?
Identity
The technique in which an application supports only a certain number of specific colors, creating a palette from which to choose, is called __________ color.
Indexed
The first "I" in the acronym ASCII stands for "__________."
Information
Which of the following is a technique for isolating program pieces by eliminating the ability for one piece to access information in another?
Information Hiding
The practice of hiding the details of a module with the goal of controlling access to the details of the module is called __________ .
Information hiding
What is the name of a solid piece of silicon that contains transistors, other components, and their connections?
Integrated Circuit
The second "I" in the acronym ASCII stands for "__________."
Interchange
The circle in the logic symbol of a NOT gate is known as what?
Inversion bubble
What is the function of the front side bus (FSB) in a computer?
It permits the central core processor to access input/output devices and memory not stored in the cache.
What is the role of random access memory (RAM) in a computer?
It stores information temporarily and permits each computer byte of memory to be accessed directly
What is the role of random- access memory (RAM) in a computer?
It stores information temporarily and permits each computer byte of memory to be accessed directly
Which of the following determines the output of a sequential circuit
Its input values and the current state of the circuit
Which of the following determines the output of a combinatorial circuit?
Its input values only
The __________ programming language was designed by Sun Microsystems in the 1990s.
Java
Which of the following scientists developed the basic computer architecture that continues to be used today?
John von neumann
__________ is the time it takes for the desired sector to rotate to the read/write head in a disk drive
Latency
__________ diagrams can be used to describe the behavior of gates and circuits
Logic
_______________ diagrams can be used to describe the behavior of gates and circuits.
Logic
Which level provides an abstract view of data and the operations that manipulate them?
Logical view
Which problem-solving strategy equals to the idea of not reinventing the wheel?
Look for familiar things
Which problem-solving strategy looks if a solution to a previous problem is appropriate for the current one?
Look for familiar things
Which audio format is the most popular today?
MP3
Which language is actually executed by the central processing unit of a computer?
Machine
According to the Code of Ethics of the Association for Computing __________, its members "contribute to society and human well-being."
Machinery
Which of the following is data about data, such as the resolution of an image being stored with the image?
Metadata
Which of the following is a device that allows a computer to connect to the internet
Modem
The __________ gate produces a 0 of all its inputs are all 1 and a 1 otherwise.
NAND
The __________ gate produces 1 if all its inputs are 0 and a 0 otherwise.
NOR
The __________ gate produces a 1 if all its inputs are 0 and a 0 otherwise.
NOR
A(n) __________ gate produces the inverse of its single input
NOT
Which gate does the Boolean expression X = A' represent?
NOT
1066 is a __________ number.
Natural
Which of the following allows a WHILE loop to be contained within the body of another WHILE loop?
Nested logic
The following algorithm is a count-controlled loop going from 1 through 5. At each iteration, the loop counter is either printed or put on a stack, depending on the result of Boolean function RanFun(). (The behavior of RanFun() is immaterial.) At the end of the loop, the items on the stack are popped and printed. Because of the logical properties of a stack, this algorithm cannot print certain sequences of the values of the loop counter. Set count to 0 WHILE (count < 5) Set count to count + 1 IF (RanFun()) Write count, ' ' ELSE Push(myStack, count) WHILE (NOT IsEmpty(myStack)) Pop(myStack, number) Write number, ' ' Is the output 1 3 5 1 3 possible using a stack?
No, this output is not possible.
What is a unit of an abstract mathematical system subject to the laws of arithmetic?
Number
Which gate is represented by the Boolean expression X = A + B ?
OR
Which gate is represented by the boolean expression X= A + B?
OR
Which language paradigm most accurately describes Java?
Object-oriented language with some procedural features
Which part of the Pep/9 instruction specifier indicates which instruction is to be carried out?
Operation Code
Which language paradigm most accurately describes FORTRAN?
Procedural
Which paradigm most accurately describes C?
Procedural
__________ abstraction is the separation of the logical view of an action from its implementation.
Procedural
The separation of the logical view of an action from its implementation is called __________.
Procedural abstraction
Which language paradigm most accurately describes C++?
Procedural language with some object-oriented features
Which register contains the address of the next instruction to be executed?
Program counter
Which structure would be more suitable choice for a bank simulation of its teller operation in order to see how waiting times would be affected by adding another teller?
Queue
Which of the following requires the use of a "splitting value"?
Quicksort
Which of the following means that each memory location can be accessed directly.
Random Access
__________-graphics format stores information on a pixel-by-pixel basis.
Raster
6.2 is a __________ number.
Rational
All integers and all quotients of two integers (division by zero excluded) belong to the category __________.
Rational Numbers
Which type of touch screen is made up of two layers that come into contact when the user presses on the screen?
Resistive
Recording the voltage level of an audio signal at regular intervals is called what?
Sampling
__________ is the process of periodically measuring the voltage of a signal.
Sampling
Which phase of the object-oriented methodology includes assigning responsibilities to classes?
Scenarios
In which software generation were the FORTRAN and COBOL languages developed?
Second
To which hardware generation does magnetic core memory belong?
Second
To which hardware generation does magnetic disc belong?
Second
To which software generation do loaders belong?
Second
To which software generation does FORTRAN belong?
Second
To which software generation does Lisp belong?
Second
A transistor is made up of what kind of material?
Semiconductor
Which of the following is part of a Pep/9 program instruction?
Specifier
Which structure would be more suitable choice for a program to receive data that is to be saved and processed in the reverse order?
Stack
Which structure would be more suitable choice for a word processor to have a PF key that causes the preceding command to be redisplayed? Every time the PF key is pressed, the program is to show the command that preceded the one currently displayed.
Stack
__________ has been considered an astronomical calendar, a temple, and a predictor of lunar eclipses.
Stonehenge
Which parallel-processing approach applies the same program to multiple data sets using multiple ALUs
Synchronous
Which parallel-processing approach applies the same program to multiple data sets using multiple ALUs?
Synchronous
__________ processing is a computing technique in which multiple processors apply the same set of instructions to multiple data sets at the same time.
Synchronous
A binary search tree is another implementation of a sorted list.
TRUE
Which of the following is a computing technique in which multiple processors each contribute one part of an overall computation
Task-level parallelism
Which of the following does not represent a function of the accumulator (A register)?
The contents of the accumulator can be subtracted from the instruction register.
Which of the following is true about black-box testing?
The test cases are based on the input.
Under what circumstances are two circuits considered equivalent?
Their input values are the same.
To which hardware generation do circuit boards belong?
Third
To which hardware generation do integrated circuits belong?
Third
To which software generation does Java belong?
Third
To which software generation does SPSS belong?
Third
To which software generation does time sharing belong?
Third
A CD stores audio information in a binary format.
True
A CPU is an integrated circuit
True
A NAND gate and an AND gate produce opposite output.
True
A character set is a list of characters and their numeric codes.
True
A computer that has a parallel architecture uses multiple central processing units.
True
A digital signal represents one of two values at any point in time.
True
A full adder takes the carry-in value into account.
True
A gate can be designed to accept more than two inputs.
True
A gate is constructed fo one or more transistors
True
A gate is constructed of one or more transistors.
True
A high-level language is more English-like than assembly language.
True
A leaf node has no child nodes.
True
A logic diagram and a truth table are equally powerful techniques for describing the behavior of a circuit
True
A logic diagram and a truth table are equally powerful techniques for describing the behavior of a circuit.
True
A volatile storage device loses the content of its memory if its power supply is turned off.
True
A volatile storage device loses the contents of its memory if its power supply is turned off
True
A volatile storage device loses the contents of its memory if its power supply is turned off.
True
Ada Augusta, Countess of Lovelace, is credited with being the first programmer.
True
All control structures can be nested
True
All control structures can be nested.
True
An abstraction is a mental model that removes or hides complex details.
True
An array is a homogeneous structure, but a record is not.
True
An assembler directive is an instruction to the assembler itself.
True
An assembler translates assembly-language programs into machine code.
True
An audio signal is digitized by sampling it at regular intervals.
True
An infinite loop is a loop that never terminates.
True
Assembly language allows program instructions to be specified using mnemonics that correspond to machine language instructions.
True
Audio data is often represented on a computer by sampling the continuous signal that represents a sound wave.
True
Bandwidth is the number of bits or bytes that can be transmitted from one place to another in a fixed amount of time.
True
Binary search trees are ordered.
True
Boolean algebra allows us to apply provable mathematical principles to the design of circuits.
True
Both the Association of Computing Machinery and the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers have Codes of Ethics that apply to computing professionals.
True
Character input and output in Pep/9 uses a principle called memory-mapped I/O.
True
Clicking a mouse is an example of asynchronous processing.
True
Computer software is a collection of programs that provides the instructions that a computer carries out.
True
Count-controlled loops are controlled by a counter.
True
Count-controlled loops repeat a specific number of times.
True
Electronic signals are easier to manage if they transfer only binary data.
True
Event-controlled loops are controlled by an event.
True
Every additional bit used doubles the number of things that can be represented by a binary string.
True
Grace Murray Hopper participated in the design of the COBOL programming language.
True
Huffman encoding uses variable length binary strings to represent particular characters.
True
In the Pep/9 machine, the contents of the A register can be compared to the contents of a place in memory.
True
Information is data that has been organized and/or processed in a useful way.
True
Information is data that have been organized and/or processed in a useful way.
True
Integrated circuits are classified by the number of gates contained in them.
True
Inverting the output of an AND gate is equivalent to inverting the individuals signals first, then passing them through an OR gate.
True
It is possible to represent four things with two bits.
True
Keyword encoding is a type of text compression.
True
Konrad Zuse's 1936 patent application for the Z1 computer, with program and data modifiable in storage, anticipated the von Neumann architecture by nine years.
True
LDBA 0x008B,i loads the byte 008B into register A.
True
Logic diagrams and truth tables are equally powerful in expressing the processing of gates and circuits.
True
Machine language is the set of binary-coded instructions that are executed directly by a computer.
True
Machine language programs are loaded into the Pep/9 simulator by specifying the instructions in hexadecimal.
True
Magnetic disks were introduced in the second generation of computer hardware.
True
Object-oriented design is currently the dominant approach for large programming projects.
True
On average, searching in a binary search tree is faster than searching in a linked list.
True
Positional notation is possible due to the concept of zero.
True
Representing a number in base 5 sometimes requires more digits than representing that same number in base 10.
True
Starting from the right, every group of four binary digits can be read as one hexadecimal digit.
True
Task-level parallelism is based on the idea that different processors can execute different tasks simultaneously
True
The A register and the accumulator are two names for the same place.
True
The Internet developed from a U.S. government-sponsored network called the ARPANET.
True
The Java Virtual Machine is a hypothetical computer that executes Bytecode.
True
The MP3 audio format discards information that can't be heard by humans.
True
The Unicode character set includes all of the characters in the ASCII character set.
True
The base of a number system determines the number of digits used in the system.
True
The base of the binary number system is 2.
True
The category of numbers called integers includes negative numbers.
True
The control unit and the arithmetic/logic unit are both part of the central processing unit (CPU).
True
The data on a CD-RW can be rewritten
True
The data-coverage testing approach tests the limits of the program's data.
True
The fetch part of the fetch-execute cycle fetches the next instruction to be executed from memory.
True
The fourth generation of computer hardware was characterized by large-scale integration.
True
The instruction register is 3 bytes long.
True
The interface called SATA (serial ATA) used with the hard disk drive is both faster and less costly to make than the Parallel ATA in the transmission of individual data bits
True
The personal computer was introduced in the fourth generation of computer hardware.
True
The prefix "giga-" is abbreviated G and stands for 10^9 (one billion) or 2^30 (slightly more than one billion).
True
The prefix "giga-" is abbreviated G and stands for 10⁹ (one billion) or 2³º (slightly more than one billion).
True
The prefix "kilo-" means 1000 when referring to speed and 1024 when referring to storage
True
The root of a tree is the node that has no ancestors.
True
The signed-magnitude representation of numbers has two representations for zero.
True
The term "embedded system" now refers to any computer that is pre-programmed to perform a dedicated or narrow range of functions as part of a larger system.
True
The term "radix point" is used instead of decimal point in bases other than 10.
True
The transistor ushered in the second generation of commercial computers.
True
The von Neumann architecture is characterized by the fact that the instructions and data are logically the same and can both be stored in memory
True
Two hexadecimal digits can be stored in one byte.
True
Two-thirds is a rational number.
True
What is the first step in the "How to Solve It" list?
Understand the problem
Which problem is caused most directly by the existence of two representations of zero within a computer?
Unnecessary complexity
A British researcher at the CERN physics lab, Tim Berners-Lee, invented the World Wide __________.
Web
Which unit of binary storage has a size that is processor-dependent?
Word
The __________ gate produces a 0 only if its inputs are the same and a 1 otherwise.
XOR
The following algorithm is a count-controlled loop going from 1 through 5. At each iteration, the loop counter is either printed or put on a queue depending on the result of Boolean function RanFun(). (The behavior of RanFun() is immaterial.) At the end of the loop, the items on the queue are dequeued and printed. Because of the logical properties of a queue, this algorithm cannot print certain sequences of the values of the loop counter. Set count to 0 WHILE (count < 5) Set count to count + 1 IF (RanFun()) Write count, ' ' ELSE Enqueue(myQueue, count) WHILE (NOT IsEmpty(myQueue)) Dequeue(myQueue, number) Write number, ' ' Is the output 1 3 5 2 4 possible using a stack?
Yes, this output is possible.
The following algorithm is a count-controlled loop going from 1 through 5. At each iteration, the loop counter is either printed or put on a stack, depending on the result of Boolean function RanFun(). (The behavior of RanFun() is immaterial.) At the end of the loop, the items on the stack are popped and printed. Because of the logical properties of a stack, this algorithm cannot print certain sequences of the values of the loop counter. Set count to 0 WHILE (count < 5) Set count to count + 1 IF (RanFun()) Write count, ' ' ELSE Push(myStack, count) WHILE (NOT IsEmpty(myStack)) Pop(myStack, number) Write number, ' ' Is the output 1 3 5 4 2 possible using a stack?
Yes, this output is possible.
A(n) __________ data type is a data type whose data and operations are specified independently of any particular implementation.
abstract
A(n) __________ is a mental model that removes complex details.
abstraction
The letter "A" in "RAM" stands for __________
access
The letter "A" in "RAM" stands for __________.
access
A(n) __________ is a set of instructions for solving a problem in a finite amount of time using a finite amount of data.
algorithm
Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs started the _______________ Computer company in the fourth generation of computing hardware.
apple
A(n) __________ is the mechanism by which a value is passed into a subprogram.
argument
A(n) __________ is a program that translates an assembly-language program into machine code.
assembler
A(n) __________ search looks for an item sorted list by eliminating large portions of the data on each comparison.
binary
In a(n) __________ search tree, the values stored in the nodes are organized to allow an item to be found efficiently.
binary
In the earliest electronic computers, programmers had to write machine language code expressed as __________ digits.
binary
Which structure would be more suitable choice for a dictionary of words used by a spelling checker to be built and maintained?
binary search tree
Which of the following is a technology storing up to 50 GB?
blu-ray
In order to determine how you can fly from Boston to Los Angeles in the fewest number of stops, you would use a(n) __________-first searching algorithm defined on a graph.
breadth
A __________ is a set of wires through which data travels between components of a computer.
bus
A group of eight bits is called a(n) __________.
byte
Java programs are translated into a standard machine language called __________.
bytecode
Which of the following is executed by the Java Virtual machine?
bytecode
Which of the following can be read many times, but written after its manufacture only once?
cd-r
Which of the following is a list of characters and the codes used to represent each one?
character set
Which of the following is a language construct that defines the pattern for an object?
class
__________ coverage is an approach to computer program testing that designs tests cases to ensure that each statement in the program is executed properly.
code
The techniques that shrink the sizes of movies are called video __________.
codecs
What is used to translate a program in FORTRAN?
compiler
What translates a high-level language into machine code?
compiler
Data __________ is the process of reducing the amount of space needed to store a piece of data.
compression
During top-down design, a(n) __________ step is one that is sufficiently detailed and needs no further expansion.
concrete
A(n) __________ structure is an instruction that determines the order in which other instructions in a program are executed.
control
The program __________ is a register used to hold the address of the next instruction to be executed.
counter
What is the lowest base in which the number 987 could be a valid number?
decimal
In order to answer the question of whether you can travel from Boston to Los Angeles on your favorite airline, you would use a(n) __________-first searching algorithm defined on a graph.
depth
In a(n) __________ graph, the edges point from one node to another.
directed
A(n) assembler __________ is an instruction for the translating program.
directive
A(n) __________ system is a computer that is designed to perform a narrow range of functions as part of a larger system.
embedded
A(n) __________system uses integrated computing technology to run or regulate devices such as toasters, cars, and satellites.
embedded
Which of the following is a language feature that enforces information hiding?
encapsulation
A Boolean expression may be an arithmetic expression followed by an integer.
false
A compiler and an interpreter produce the same output.
false
A declaration is an example of a control structure.
false
A queue displays LIFO behavior.
false
A stack displays FIFO behavior.
false
A stack is managed in a FIFO manner.
false
On average, searching in a binary search tree is faster than searching in a list.
false
Strong typing is a mechanism by which a high-level program is entered into a computer.
false
The operations on a list differ depending on the implementation strategy used.
false
The properties of an abstract data type are tightly related to the implementation of that data type.
false
The root node in a tree has no children.
false
Which phase of the object-oriented methodology includes reviewing a list of possible classes, looking for duplicates or missing classes?
filtering
To which software generation do assemblers belong?
first
Huffman codes are created based on the __________ of the character.
frequency of use
Lisp, Scheme, and ML are languages in the __________ programming paradigm.
functional
The __________ programming paradigm is based on the mathematical concept of a function.
functional
Which language paradigm allows the programmer to express algorithms as mathematical functions?
functional
Which language paradigm most accurately describes Lisp?
functional
Which of the following is made up of a set of nodes called vertices and a set of lines called edges (or arcs)?
graph
Which of the following would you use to represent airline flights between cities?
graph
Information __________ is a technique for isolating program pieces by eliminating the ability for one piece to access information in another.
hiding
FORTRAN and COBOL are two of the earliest __________ programming languages.
high-level
Which phase has a working program as its output?
implementation
What is the practice of hiding the details of a module with the goal of controlling access to the details of the module?
information hiding
__________ is an object-oriented mechanism in which one class is derived from another.
inheritance
According to the Code of Ethics of the __________ of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, its members "accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with the safety, health, and welfare of the public."
institute
Natural numbers, negatives of a natural numbers, and zero belong to the category __________.
integer numbers
The central processing unit of a computer is which of the following?
integrated circuit
A(n) __________ is a program that translates and executes the statements of a high-level language in sequence.
interpreter
What is used to translate a program in PROLOG?
interpreter
The circle in the logic symbol of a NOT gate is known as what
inversion bubble
What is the function of the front side bus (FSB) in a computer
it permits the central core processor to access input/output devices and memory not stored in the cache.
The prefix "__________-" stands for 10^3 or 2^10
kilo
__________ is the time it takes for the desired sector to rotate to the read/write head in a desk drive.
latency
__________ is the time it takes for the desired sector to rotate to the read/write head in a disk drive.
latency
A(n) __________ structure is based on the concept of a node and pointers between nodes.
linked
Which language paradigm did the Japanese choose for the fifth-generation computer?
logic
A(n) __________ is a section of code that repeats.
loop
The set of instructions that each type of computer is designed to understand is called __________ language.
machine
Second generation computers had memory made from __________ cores, tiny doughnut-shaped devices that could each store one bit of information.
magnetic
After a program is in use, changes made to it to enhance functionality or fix errors is called __________.
maintenance
An S-R latch is a circuit that can be used as __________.
memory
The letter "M" in "RAM" stands for
memory
The letter "M" in "RAM" stands for __________
memory
The letter "M" in "RAM" stands for __________.
memory
The primary circuit board on which the core components of a computer reside is called the __________.
motherboard
A(n) __________is a circuit that selects a single output value from a set of inputs based on select signals
multiplexer
How many digits are there in the hexadecimal number system?
none of the above
π (pi) is a __________ number.
none of the above
A(n) __________ is a unit of an abstract mathematical system subject to the laws of arithmetic.
number
The letter "O" im "ROM" stands for
only
The letter "O" in "ROM" stands for __________
only
The letter "O" in "ROM" stands for __________.
only
__________ is an object-oriented mechanism that allows duplicate method names and the ability to apply the method that is appropriate for a certain object.
polymorphism
Removing an item from a stack is called the __________ operation.
pop
The dominant languages used in industry throughout the history of computing software come from which language paradigm?
procedural
Which language paradigm allows the programmer to express algorithms as a hierarchy of tasks?
procedural
A computer with a parallel architecture uses multiple central __________ units to solve a problem.
processing
Adding an item to a stack is called the __________ operation.
push
A(n) __________ is an abstract data type behaves in a manner similar to a waiting line at a bank or supermarket.
queue
A(n) __________ is an abstract data type that operates on a "first in, first out" (FIFO) manner.
queue
If the number base is other than base ten, we call the decimal point the __________ point.
radix
The letter "R" in "RAM" stands for __________
random
The letter "R" in "RAM" stands for __________.
random
2/5 is a __________ number.
rational
The letter "R" in "ROM" stands for __________.
read
Which of the following is the ability for a subprogram to call itself?
recursion
__________ is the ability of a subprogram to call itself.
recursion
A(n) __________ word is a word in a language that has special meaning and thus cannot be used as an identifier.
reserved
Output from which phase of the object-oriented methodology is the design ready to be translated into a program?
responsibility algorithms
The two basic forms of subprograms that exist are void subprograms, named code that that does a particular task, and value-__________ subprograms, named code that also does a task but returns a single value to the calling unit.
returning
An audio signal is digitized by __________ its value at regular intervals.
sampling
Which phase of the object-oriented methodology includes asking "what if" questions?
scenarios
The first pass of the __________ sort algorithm scans the list for the item that should be first in the list, then puts it there.
selection
A(n) __________ search examines each item in turn to find the item being sought.
sequential
In a(n) __________ circuit, the output is determined by the input as well as the existing state of the circuit.
sequential
Time __________ allows many users at different terminals to communicate with a single computer at the same time.
sharing
In order to determine what the shortest flight in miles from Boston to Los Angeles would be, you would use a(n) single-source __________-path searching algorithm defined on a graph.
shortest
The representation for numbers you've used since grade school is called __________.
signed-magnitude representation
Computer __________ is a collection of programs that provide instructions that a computer carries out.
software
Which structure would be more suitable choice for a program designed to keep track of where canned goods are located on a shelf?
stack
The "S" in the acronym ASCII stands for "__________."
standard
A(n) __________ is a sequence of characters that in some languages can be considered as one data value.
string
Which of the following requires that only a value of the proper type can be stored into a variable?
strong typing
The computer's operating system and language translators are generally known as __________ software.
systems
What does pulse-code modulation (PCM) describe?
the behavior of a digital signal, which jumps between two extremes
The information on a disk drive is organized into concentric circles called __________, which are divided into sectors.
tracks
A(n) __________ acts like a switch, even though it has no moving parts.
transistor
A(n) __________ either conducts or blocks the flow of electricity, based on an input value.
transistor
John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William B. Shockley won a Nobel Prize for inventing the __________.
transistor
What is the purpose of a compiler?
translating high-level language into machine language
What is used to translate a program in Lisp?
translator
Which structure would be more suitable choice for a program designed to keep track of the soccer teams in a city tournament?
tree
A Boolean expression can be an arithmetic expression followed by a relational operator followed by another arithmetic expression.
true
A declaration associates the identifier with a variable, an action, or some other entity with the language.
true
A directed graph is a graph whose edges go in only one direction.
true
A leaf in a tree is a node with no children.
true
A paradigm is a model or pattern that establish a set of assumptions, concepts, values, and practices that constitute a way of viewing reality.
true
An interpreter is a simulator that executes high-level language code directly.
true
Encapsulation is a language feature that enforces information hiding.
true
Given the number of nodes and the number of levels in a binary search tree, you can determine the relative efficiency of a search in the tree.
true
In a binary tree, each node has at most two child nodes.
true
In a graph, the vertices represent the items being modeled.
true
In asynchronous processing, the processing is under the control of events occurring outside the sequence of processing instructions.
true
In the context of object-oriented problem solving, brainstorming is a group activity designed to produce a list of possible classes to be used to solve a particular problem.
true
Modern compilers translate high-level language programs into the corresponding program in machine code.
true
Polymorphism is the ability of a language to have duplicate method names in an inheritance hierarchy and to apply the method that is appropriate for the object to which the method is applied.
true
The data on a CD-RW can be rewritten.
true
The goal of the scenarios phase of object-oriented problem solving is to assign responsibilities to each class.
true
The value in the right child of a node (if it exists) in a binary search tree will be greater than the value in the node itself.
true
A data __________ is a description of a set of values and the operations that can be applied to those values.
type
A graphical map with vertices representing the names of cities and with edges linking the vertices representing two-way roads between the cities is an example of a(n) __________ graph.
undirected
First generation computers were built using __________ tubes to store information.
vacuum
Which of the following is not one of the big ideas in computing discussed in Chapter 01 of the textbook?
visualization