computer literacy chapter 1

binary code

ASCII—uses 7 bits and represents 128 characters With 8 bits, there are 256 different possible combinations 28 = 256 Unicode—extended ACSII; represents more than 100,000 characters

Enterprise servers

Allow thousands of users to use the system concurrently

________________ is the branch of science concerned with making computers behave like humans

Artificial intelligence

___________ is a system that represents digital data as a series of 0s and 1s that can be understood by a computer.

Binary code

binary number system

Binary code has two possible states: on/off, 1/0, yes/no Bit—the smallest unit of digital information 8 bits = 1 byte With two bits, there are four possible combinations of states (10, 01, 11, 00)

third generation computers Integrated circuits

Developed in the 1960s Contained many tiny transistors on semiconducting material (silicon) Faster, smaller, and more reliable

______shares the processing of a task across a group of computers

Distributed computing

________ is considered the first working, digital, general purpose computer.

ENIAC

4th generation computers Microprocessors

Emerged in 1970s Complex integrated circuits that contain the central processing unit (C P U), the brain of a computer First microprocessor was as powerful as the E N I A C

_____________ design creates a work environment designed to reduce illnesses and musculoskeletal disorders

Ergonomic

______ is the study of the relationship between workers and their workspaces.

Ergonomics

. _________ consists of 24 satellites that transmit signals to determine the receiver's current location, time, and velocity through triangulation of the signals.

GPS

inproper Ergonomics

Improper workspace Can affect health, comfort, and productivity Leads to discomfort and can result in musculoskeletal disorders

mores law

Made prediction in1965 Number of transistors on an integrated circuit doubled every 2 years Prediction of continued exponential growth Current trend is closer to 18 months Affects processing speeds and storage capacity of modern electronic devices

Mainframes

Process millions of transactions a day Have largely been replaced by enterprise servers

Servers

Provide services such as Internet access and email to a client system

the first generation computersUsed vacuum tubes

Resembled incandescent light bulbs Emitted a lot of heat Unreliable Massive in size Used manual switches to process data

Second-Generation Computers Transistors replaced vacuum tubes

Revolutionized the electronics industry More powerful Smaller More reliable Reprogrammed in less time

____________are computers that provide services, such as Internet access, email, or file and print services, to client systems

Servers

embedded computers

Specialized computers Internet of Things (I o T) Connection of the physical world to the Internet

Information Processing Cycle

The information processing cycle converts data collected from a customer order form into information used to fulfill the order.

. The_______ is a measure of a computer's ability to display intelligent behavior.

Turing test

What is a compact desktop computer with an integrated monitor and system unit?

all-in-one

7. A ______ consists of 8 bits and is used to represent a single character in modern computer systems.

byte

. What type of portable computer has a screen that can swivel to fold?

convnertable notebook

A computer is a programmable machine that converts raw ___________ into useful ____________

data, information

ASCII contains codes for most of the languages in use today.

false

Bioinformatics allows you to design a workspace for your comfort and health.

false

Moore's Law states that the number of transistors that can be placed on an integrated circuit will double roughly every 18 years

false

The idea that computers are all around us is called convergence.

false

Developed in the 1960s, ______________ are chips that contain large numbers of tiny transistors fabricated into a semiconducting material called silicon.

integrated circuits

Convergence

integration of technology on multifunction devices integration of technology on multifunction devices

Convergence

is the integration of technology on multifunction devices such as smartphones

A _______is a complex integrated circuit that contains the central processing unit

microprocessor

Ergonomics

proper) workspace Proper posture Use a foot rest Elbows on arm rest bent at 90 degrees Monitor below eye level Frequent breaks

A(n) _____________ is an example of convergence.

smartphone

_________ perform complex mathematical calculations, such as those used in weather forecasting and medical research.

super computer

Second-generation computers used ________ to process data.

transistors

. Today's computers use microprocessors

true

. Volunteer computing projects harness the idle processing power of hundreds or thousands of personal computers.

true

All-in-one is a type of desktop computer.

true

Computers convert data into information using the information processing cycle

true

Third-generation computers used transistors.

true

Users connect to servers via clients

true

What is the binary code that can represent most currently used language characters and is the standard used on the Internet?

unicode