Computing Innovations, Collaboration, Digital Divide
A company that develops educational software wants to assemble a collaborative team of developers from a variety of professional and cultural backgrounds. Which of the following is NOT considered a benefit of assembling such a team? A Collaboration that includes diverse backgrounds and perspectives can eliminate the need for software testing. B Collaboration that includes diverse backgrounds and perspectives can help the team anticipate the needs of a variety of software users. C Collaboration that includes diverse backgrounds and perspectives can help the team avoid bias. D Collaboration that includes diverse backgrounds and perspectives can reflect the strengths of the individual team members.
A Collaboration that includes diverse backgrounds and perspectives can eliminate the need for software testing.
A chain of retail stores uses software to manage telephone calls from customers. The system was recently upgraded. Customers interacted with the original system using their phone keypad. Customers interact with the upgraded system using their voice. The upgraded system (but not the original system) stores all information from the calling session in a database for future reference. This includes the customer's telephone number and any information provided by the customer (name, address, order number, credit card number, etc.). The original system and the upgraded system are described in the following flowcharts. Each flowchart uses the following blocks. (Chart, original, new systems not pictured) Which of the following is the most likely data privacy concern of the upgraded system? A Customers' personal information could be compromised if an unauthorized individual gains access to the call session database. B Storing information in the call session database makes it easy for individuals to trick the system using malicious links. C The system design increases the chance that customers will unknowingly install malware on their devices that will share their data with unauthorized individuals. D The system design makes it easy for unauthorized individuals to acquire customers' private encryption keys.
A Customers' personal information could be compromised if an unauthorized individual gains access to the call session database.
A chain of retail stores uses software to manage telephone calls from customers. The system was recently upgraded. Customers interacted with the original system using their phone keypad. Customers interact with the upgraded system using their voice. The upgraded system (but not the original system) stores all information from the calling session in a database for future reference. This includes the customer's telephone number and any information provided by the customer (name, address, order number, credit card number, etc.). The original system and the upgraded system are described in the following flowcharts. Each flowchart uses the following blocks. (Chart, original, new systems not pictured) To direct a call to the appropriate destination, which of the following input data is needed by the upgraded system that was NOT needed by the original system? I. Audio signal of the customer's voice II. The customer's keypad selection III. The customer's phone number A I only B II only C I and III only D I, II, and III
A I only
The developers of a music-streaming application are updating the algorithm they use to recommend music to listeners. Which of the following strategies is LEAST likely to introduce bias into the application? A Making recommendations based on listening data gathered from a random sample of users of the application B Making recommendations based on the most frequently played songs on a local radio station C Making recommendations based on the music tastes of the developers of the application D Making recommendations based on a survey that is sent out to the 1,000 most active users of the application
A Making recommendations based on listening data gathered from a random sample of users of the application
A mobile game tracks players' locations using GPS. The game offers special in-game items to players when they visit real-world points of interest. Which of the following best explains how bias could occur in the game? A Points of interest may be more densely located in cities, favoring players in urban areas over players in rural areas. B Some players may engage in trespassing, favoring players in urban areas over players in rural areas. C Special items may not be useful to all players, favoring players in urban areas over players in rural areas. D Weather conditions may be unpredictable, favoring players in urban areas over players in rural areas.
A Points of interest may be more densely located in cities, favoring players in urban areas over players in rural areas.
A chain of retail stores uses software to manage telephone calls from customers. The system was recently upgraded. Customers interacted with the original system using their phone keypad. Customers interact with the upgraded system using their voice. The upgraded system (but not the original system) stores all information from the calling session in a database for future reference. This includes the customer's telephone number and any information provided by the customer (name, address, order number, credit card number, etc.). The original system and the upgraded system are described in the following flowcharts. Each flowchart uses the following blocks. (Chart, original, new systems not pictured) Which of the following is most likely to be a benefit of storing the information from each calling session in a database? A The company can analyze the calling session data and thereby make better business decisions. B The company can ensure that customer information is protected from misuse. C The company can reduce the costs associated with data storage. D The company can reduce its need for data compression.
A The company can analyze the calling session data and thereby make better business decisions.
MeeReader is an e-reading application that allows users to download and read books and articles on a device. Each user creates a profile with the following personal preferences. -Screen brightness and contrast -Choice of typeface and font size -Amount of spacing between lines of text Activation of a text-to-speech feature that reads the text out loud When the user launches the application, the application scans the user's face and uses facial recognition software to determine the user's identity. Once the user has been identified, the user's personal preferences are applied to whatever book or article the user chooses to read. The application stores all user information in a database, including personal preferences and a record of previously read books and articles. From the perspective of the application's developers, which of the following is most likely to be a benefit of storing all user data in a database? A The developers can analyze the data to make improvements to the application based on user behavior. B The developers can analyze the data to ensure that no patterns emerge in the data. C The developers can reduce the amount of data storage required to support the application. D The developers can reduce the need for data encryption.
A The developers can analyze the data to make improvements to the application based on user behavior.
Which of the following best describes the purpose of machine learning programs? A To analyze large data sets, recognize patterns, and make predictions based on data B To automatically translate algorithms from natural language to machine language C To determine whether an algorithm can be constructed to answer "yes" or "no" for all possible inputs D To find approximate solutions to problems that would otherwise require an unreasonably long amount of time to solve
A To analyze large data sets, recognize patterns, and make predictions based on data
Which of the following statements describe how cloud computing has affected Internet communication? Select two answers. A Cloud computing has eliminated the need to provide redundancy in Internet routing. B Cloud computing has helped enhance collaboration. C Cloud computing has introduced new data-security concerns. D Cloud computing has reduced concerns about intellectual property rights.
B Cloud computing has helped enhance collaboration. C Cloud computing has introduced new data-security concerns.
Which of the following actions are likely to be helpful in reducing the digital divide? Select two answers. A Designing new technologies intended only for advanced users B Designing new technologies to be accessible to individuals with different physical abilities C Implementing government regulations restricting citizens' access to Web content D Having world governments support the construction of network infrastructure
B Designing new technologies to be accessible to individuals with different physical abilities D Having world governments support the construction of network infrastructure
A software development company has created an application called FileCleanUp. When the application is run on a user device, it searches for all files (including pictures, videos, and documents) that have not been accessed in the past month, stores them on the company's Web server, and deletes them from the user device. The application runs once each day. Users have the ability to manually retrieve files from the server if they are needed. Which of the following is most likely to be a harmful effect of using FileCleanUp? A It prevents users from accessing frequently used files when there is no Internet connectivity. B It prevents users from accessing infrequently used files when there is no Internet connectivity. C It prevents users from accessing frequently used files when there is reliable Internet connectivity. D It prevents users from accessing infrequently used files when there is reliable Internet connectivity.
B It prevents users from accessing infrequently used files when there is no Internet connectivity.
Both online newspapers and social media sites are used to distribute information on the Internet. Which of the following best describes an advantage that online newspapers have over social media sites? A The ability to distribute information instantaneously B The ability to provide credibility to the information distributed C The ability to provide information that is widely accessible D The ability to provide media-rich content for low cost
B The ability to provide credibility to the information distributed
A chain of retail stores uses software to manage telephone calls from customers. The system was recently upgraded. Customers interacted with the original system using their phone keypad. Customers interact with the upgraded system using their voice. The upgraded system (but not the original system) stores all information from the calling session in a database for future reference. This includes the customer's telephone number and any information provided by the customer (name, address, order number, credit card number, etc.). The original system and the upgraded system are described in the following flowcharts. Each flowchart uses the following blocks. (Chart, original, new systems not pictured) Of the following potential benefits, which is LEAST likely to be provided by the upgraded system? A Human representatives will not be needed to respond to some inquiries. B The company will be able to provide a human representative for any incoming call. C Customers are likely to spend less time listening to information not relevant to their issue. D Customers will be unable to mistakenly select the incorrect department for their particular issue.
B The company will be able to provide a human representative for any incoming call.
RunRoutr is a fitness tracking application for smartphones that creates suggested running routes so that users can run with each other. Upon downloading the application, each user creates a username, a personal profile, and a contact list of friends who also use the application. The application uses the smartphone's GPS unit to track a user's location, running speed, and distance traveled. Users can use the application to review information and statistics about their previous runs. At the beginning of a run, users indicate the distance they want to run from their current location, and the application suggests a running route. Once a user accepts a suggested route, the application shares the suggested route with other compatible users in the area so that they can run together. Users are considered compatible if they are on each other's contact lists or if they typically run at similar speeds. A basic RunRoutr account is free, but it displays advertisements that are targeted to individual users based on data collected by the application. For example, if a user's running route begins or ends near a particular store, the application may display an advertisement for that store. Users have the ability to pay a monthly fee for a premium account, which removes advertisements from the application. Which of the following is most likely to be a data privacy concern for RunRoutr users? A Users of the application are required to carry their smartphones with them while running in order to enable all of the application's features. B Users of the application may have the ability to determine information about the locations of users that are not on their contact lists. C Users of the application may not be able to accurately track their running history if they share their smartphone with another family member. D Users of the application may not be compatible with any other users in their area.
B Users of the application may have the ability to determine information about the locations of users that are not on their contact lists.
Which of the following actions is most likely to help reduce the digital divide? A. Adding a requirement that all users of a popular social media site link their accounts with a phone number. B. Deploying satellites and other infrastructure to provide inexpensive Internet access to remote areas of Earth C. Digitizing millions of books from university libraries, making their full text available online D. Offering improved Internet connections to Internet users who are willing to pay a premium fee for more bandwidth
B. Deploying satellites and other infrastructure to provide inexpensive Internet access to remote areas of Earth
A certain social media application is popular with people across the United States. The developers of the application are updating the algorithm used by the application to introduce a new feature that allows users of the application with similar interests to connect with one another. Which of the following strategies is LEAST likely to introduce bias into the application? A. Enticing users to spend more time using the application by providing the updated algorithm for users who use the application at least ten hours per week B. Inviting a random sample of all users to try out the new algorithm and provide feedback before it is released to a wider audience C. Providing the updated algorithm only to teenage users to generate excitement about the new feature D. Testing the updated algorithm with a small number of users in the city where the developers are located so that immediate feedback can be gathered
B. Inviting a random sample of all users to try out the new algorithm and provide feedback before it is released to a wider audience
A state government is attempting to reduce the digital divide. Which of the following activities has the greatest potential to contribute to the digital divide rather than reducing it? A. Providing programs that focus on technology literacy at local libraries B. Requiring applicants for government jobs to apply using an online platform C. Working with technology companies to offer computing devices at discounted prices to individuals with reduced incomes D. Working with telecommunications companies to build network infrastructure in remote areas
B. Requiring applicants for government jobs to apply using an online platform
A chain of retail stores uses software to manage telephone calls from customers. The system was recently upgraded. Customers interacted with the original system using their phone keypad. Customers interact with the upgraded system using their voice. The upgraded system (but not the original system) stores all information from the calling session in a database for future reference. This includes the customer's telephone number and any information provided by the customer (name, address, order number, credit card number, etc.). The original system and the upgraded system are described in the following flowcharts. Each flowchart uses the following blocks. (Chart, original, new systems not pictured) The upgraded system uses a directory containing additional information not supplied by the customer. The directory is used to help direct calls effectively. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be included in the directory? A A list of common issues and whether each issue requires a human representative B A list of common keywords or phrases and a corresponding issue for each keyword or phrase C A list of computers the company owns and the computers' corresponding IP addresses D A list of human representatives and the corresponding department for each representative
C A list of computers the company owns and the computers' corresponding IP addresses
Which of the following school policies is most likely to have a positive impact on the digital divide? A A school allows students to bring a graphing calculator from home to complete in-class mathematics assignments. B A school allows students to bring a tablet computer to class every day to participate in graded quizzes. C A school provides a laptop or tablet computer to all students enrolled at the school. D A school recommends that all students purchase a computer with as much processing speed as possible so that projects run faster.
C A school provides a laptop or tablet computer to all students enrolled at the school.
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of collaborating to develop a computing innovation? A Collaboration can decrease the size and complexity of tasks required of individual team members. B Collaboration can make it easier to find and correct errors during the development process. C Collaboration eliminates the need to resolve differences of opinion. D Collaboration facilitates multiple perspectives in developing ideas.
C Collaboration eliminates the need to resolve differences of opinion.
RunRoutr is a fitness tracking application for smartphones that creates suggested running routes so that users can run with each other. Upon downloading the application, each user creates a username, a personal profile, and a contact list of friends who also use the application. The application uses the smartphone's GPS unit to track a user's location, running speed, and distance traveled. Users can use the application to review information and statistics about their previous runs. At the beginning of a run, users indicate the distance they want to run from their current location, and the application suggests a running route. Once a user accepts a suggested route, the application shares the suggested route with other compatible users in the area so that they can run together. Users are considered compatible if they are on each other's contact lists or if they typically run at similar speeds. A basic RunRoutr account is free, but it displays advertisements that are targeted to individual users based on data collected by the application. For example, if a user's running route begins or ends near a particular store, the application may display an advertisement for that store. Users have the ability to pay a monthly fee for a premium account, which removes advertisements from the application. Businesses have the ability to target advertisements to different groups of people who use RunRoutr. Which of the following groups is LEAST likely to receive targeted advertisements? A Individuals who appear on each other's contact lists B Individuals who are interested in running and fitness C Individuals who sign up for a premium account D Individuals whose running routes begin or end near a particular business location
C Individuals who sign up for a premium account
Which of the following actions is most likely to be effective in reducing the digital divide at a local level? A Creating an application that offers coupons and discounts for local businesses B Offering a discount to utility customers who pay their bills online instead of by mail C Providing free community access to computers at schools, libraries, and community centers D Requiring applicants for local government jobs to complete an online application
C Providing free community access to computers at schools, libraries, and community centers
A city government is attempting to reduce the digital divide between groups with differing access to computing and the Internet. Which of the following activities is LEAST likely to be effective in this purpose? A Holding basic computer classes at community centers B Providing free wireless Internet connections at locations in low-income neighborhoods C Putting all government forms on the city Web site D Requiring that every city school has computers that meet a minimum hardware and software standard
C Putting all government forms on the city Web site
Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a contributing factor to the digital divide? A Some individuals and groups are economically disadvantaged and cannot afford computing devices or Internet connectivity. B Some individuals and groups do not have the necessary experience or education to use computing devices or the Internet effectively. C Some parents prefer to limit the amount of time their children spend using computing devices or the Internet. D Some residents in remote regions of the world do not have access to the infrastructure necessary to support reliable Internet connectivity.
C Some parents prefer to limit the amount of time their children spend using computing devices or the Internet.
A free online encyclopedia contains articles that can be written and edited by any user. Which of the following are advantages the online encyclopedia has over a traditional paper-based encyclopedia? Select two answers. A The ability to easily check that the encyclopedia is free of copyrighted content B The ability to ensure that encyclopedia content is the same every time it is accessed C The ability to have a larger number of perspectives reflected in the encyclopedia content D The ability to quickly update encyclopedia content as new information becomes available
C The ability to have a larger number of perspectives reflected in the encyclopedia content D The ability to quickly update encyclopedia content as new information becomes available
RunRoutr is a fitness tracking application for smartphones that creates suggested running routes so that users can run with each other. Upon downloading the application, each user creates a username, a personal profile, and a contact list of friends who also use the application. The application uses the smartphone's GPS unit to track a user's location, running speed, and distance traveled. Users can use the application to review information and statistics about their previous runs. At the beginning of a run, users indicate the distance they want to run from their current location, and the application suggests a running route. Once a user accepts a suggested route, the application shares the suggested route with other compatible users in the area so that they can run together. Users are considered compatible if they are on each other's contact lists or if they typically run at similar speeds. A basic RunRoutr account is free, but it displays advertisements that are targeted to individual users based on data collected by the application. For example, if a user's running route begins or ends near a particular store, the application may display an advertisement for that store. Users have the ability to pay a monthly fee for a premium account, which removes advertisements from the application. Adrianna uses RunRoutr to suggest a running route. All compatible users near Adrianna receive a notification that shows her running route. Which of the following data is not obtained using data collected from Adrianna's smartphone but necessary for RunRoutr to share Adrianna's running route? A Adrianna's average running speed B Adrianna's preferred running distance C The current locations of other RunRoutr users D The usernames on Adrianna's contact list
C The current locations of other RunRoutr users
RunRoutr is a fitness tracking application for smartphones that creates suggested running routes so that users can run with each other. Upon downloading the application, each user creates a username, a personal profile, and a contact list of friends who also use the application. The application uses the smartphone's GPS unit to track a user's location, running speed, and distance traveled. Users can use the application to review information and statistics about their previous runs. At the beginning of a run, users indicate the distance they want to run from their current location, and the application suggests a running route. Once a user accepts a suggested route, the application shares the suggested route with other compatible users in the area so that they can run together. Users are considered compatible if they are on each other's contact lists or if they typically run at similar speeds. A basic RunRoutr account is free, but it displays advertisements that are targeted to individual users based on data collected by the application. For example, if a user's running route begins or ends near a particular store, the application may display an advertisement for that store. Users have the ability to pay a monthly fee for a premium account, which removes advertisements from the application. Which of the following is most likely to be a benefit to users of the application? A The application allows users to identify all other users in a particular area. B Users of the application may be able to easily identify all other users in a particular area as a result of the application's algorithm for determining whether users are compatible. C Users of the application may see health benefits as a result of the application encouraging them to exercise with each other. D Users of the application who live in rural areas have the ability to use all the features of the application, even when they do not have Internet and geolocation connectivity.
C Users of the application may see health benefits as a result of the application encouraging them to exercise with each other.
Which of the following actions could be used to help reduce the digital divide? I. Providing free education and training on how to use computing devices II. Providing free or low-cost computing devices to low-income individuals III. Providing networks and infrastructure to people in remote areas A III only B I and II only C II and III only D I, II, and III
D I, II, and III
RunRoutr is a fitness tracking application for smartphones that creates suggested running routes so that users can run with each other. Upon downloading the application, each user creates a username, a personal profile, and a contact list of friends who also use the application. The application uses the smartphone's GPS unit to track a user's location, running speed, and distance traveled. Users can use the application to review information and statistics about their previous runs. At the beginning of a run, users indicate the distance they want to run from their current location, and the application suggests a running route. Once a user accepts a suggested route, the application shares the suggested route with other compatible users in the area so that they can run together. Users are considered compatible if they are on each other's contact lists or if they typically run at similar speeds. A basic RunRoutr account is free, but it displays advertisements that are targeted to individual users based on data collected by the application. For example, if a user's running route begins or ends near a particular store, the application may display an advertisement for that store. Users have the ability to pay a monthly fee for a premium account, which removes advertisements from the application. Which of the following data must be collected from a user's smartphone in order for RunRoutr to suggest a running route? A Available running routes near the user's home B The current time C The starting location of the user's previous run D The user's geographic position
D The user's geographic position
MeeReader is an e-reading application that allows users to download and read books and articles on a device. Each user creates a profile with the following personal preferences. -Screen brightness and contrast -Choice of typeface and font size -Amount of spacing between lines of text Activation of a text-to-speech feature that reads the text out loud When the user launches the application, the application scans the user's face and uses facial recognition software to determine the user's identity. Once the user has been identified, the user's personal preferences are applied to whatever book or article the user chooses to read. The application stores all user information in a database, including personal preferences and a record of previously read books and articles. Which of the following is most likely to be a beneficial effect of using MeeReader? A Users may have a reduced risk of the application being used in unintended ways. B Users may have a reduced risk of their biometric data being misused. C Users with limited Internet access may be able to more easily obtain books and articles. D Users with visual impairments may be able to more easily read or listen to books and articles.
D Users with visual impairments may be able to more easily read or listen to books and articles.