Concept Checks exam 3

People who have damage to their eyes may continue to experience visual dreams if that damage occurred after what age?

5 to 7 years

Jeremy is at a steakhouse with his friends, when the servers all come out and sing Happy Birthday to him. Jeremy turns a deep red in embarrassment, and wants to disappear. His embarrassment comes from which of the three main categories discussed in the textbook?

Being the center of attention

If you are easily hypnotizable, you likely do not respond strongly to movies.

False

The first time Jose saw Lilly, she was being almost shockingly rude to an employee at the store where both were shopping. He subsequently met her in a class, where she seemed like a very nice, friendly person and was well-liked by their classmates. If Jose is influenced by the primacy effect, how is he likely to feel about her?

He will have a more negative impression than do his classmates.

Which factor seems to mediate the relationship between wealth and happiness, especially at lower levels of wealth?

Health

Which experience has been linked with increased relaxation and decreased pain?

Meditation

Which statement is consistent with the idea that demand characteristics played a role in the outcome of Zimbardo's prison experiment?

Participants who played the role of guards suspected they were supposed to be brutal.

Suppose you worked for a politician who wanted to develop a proposal that would address the causes of violent crime by identifying and treating those who have an elevated risk of committing violent crimes. Which group is at the highest risk and thus should receive services?

People who have diagnoses of both substance abuse and mental illness

In which stage of sleep is one most likely to experience brain activity called sleep spindles?

Stage 2

Those with sleep apnea stop breathing for brief periods of time while they are asleep.

True

Which condition is most likely to lead to lead to groupthink?

When the people in the group all have similar beliefs about the issue to begin with.

Suppose you are participating in the prisoner's dilemma. Under what circumstance would it be in your interests to confess? Assume you do not care what happens to your partner.

When your partner does not confess

Physical attractiveness may be important in choosing a mate because physical attractiveness is associated with _______.

health

Which approach is most likely to reduce prejudice?

Community projects with diverse volunteers

When Dierdre feels overwhelmed by stress, she sometimes goes out for a long walk in a local park and tries to lose herself in nature. What coping approach is Dierdre relying on?

Emotion-focused

Some law enforcement officers assert that they are so adept at reading the facial expressions that they can almost always tell whether suspects are guilty or innocent based on microexpressions. What does research say about this claim?

Microexpressions are not a major source of information.

How is brain activity during hypnosis different than while sleeping?

The prefrontal cortex is more active.

What is the cycle of activity and inactivity that lasts about a day called?

circadian rhythm

When older couples give advice to younger couples about marriage, they often note the importance of giving a little to get a little. That is, a lasting marriage requires that each partner fulfill the other's needs and neither partner focuses getting more than they are willing to give. This idea is most consistent with _______.

equity theory

Selye conceptualized stress as _______.

resulting from positive or negative events

Compared to responses that we make to a stimulus, spontaneous movements tend to be

slow and more gradual

Which hormone, essential to the maintenance of prolonged alertness, is released by the adrenal glands in response to stress?

Cortisol

People with facial nerve damage that leaves them unable to smile still experience happiness. Which theory of emotions is this particularly problematic for?

James-Lange

Brain activation studies have found that consciousness seems to be what kind of phenomenon?

all-or-none

What is the basis of the implicit association test?

It takes us longer to respond to the pairing of an image and word that are inconsistent with each other than when they are consistent.

Why has Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning been criticized?

It uses a limited definition of morality that does not generalize well across cultures.

Latanya is feeling fairly mellow but positive. Which quadrant of the circumplex model is most consistent with Latanya's current experience?

Lower levels of arousal coupled with pleasure

The famous case of Kitty Genovese was exaggerated and distorted for many years. Which option is a true statement about the actual events of that unfortunate event?

Only about six people saw someone attack her.

A newly arrived first-year college student who doesn't know anyone at the school is most likely to date someone who _______.

lives in the same dorm

What is it called when a word or other stimulus appears on a screen for a very brief moment and is preceded and/or followed by an interfering stimulus?

masking

Lisa works for a company that provides customer service for health insurance companies, answering questions about coverage, approvals and denials of services, claims, and similar matters. Lisa believes that everyone deserves to be treated with courtesy and respect, especially since, when they are calling about health insurance, they are typically stressed and frightened. She sometimes lets people talk about their situation and loved ones, even when it means the calls take longer, simply because she feels it is the decent thing to do. Her company has recently begun requiring that employees resolve a particular number of calls every day, and Lisa finds herself cutting callers off, even when they are terribly upset, so she can meet the performance standard. She doesn't like it, but she tells herself she needs the job.What is the source of Lisa's cognitive dissonance?

Having to be short with callers even though she believes they should be treated kindly

When Marco's partner was diagnosed with cancer, Marco immediately began researching the best treatment centers for his partner's type of cancer. What coping approach is Marco relying on?

Problem-focused

The notion that brain activity is mental activity is the crux of which approach to the mind-brain issue?

The identity position

Which approach provides the most objective measurement of anxiety?

The startle response

Identify one of the reasons participants in Asch's experiment gave for conforming with the group.

They thought the group must know or see something they didn't.

A couple that is in companionate love is likely to _______.

look out for each other

Linette knows that her friend Kindra is typically very diligent at work and is always prepared for meetings. When Kindra is not just late for a meeting but cannot answer questions their boss asks, Linette immediately wonders what has happened to upset Kindra so badly. What type of information is Linette relying on in attributing Kindra's behavior to an external event?

Distinctiveness

Which is one major difference between people pretending to be hypnotized and those who are actually hypnotized?

Those who are hypnotized question a double reality, whereas those who are pretending do not.

Neville works for a company that expects its employees to be dedicated to their jobs. Neville is considered to be a valued employee as he displays the kind of dedication that is expected, as do most employees. It seems to Neville, though, that several of his coworkers are not particularly dedicated. The negative emotion Neville experiences when thinking about those employees is most likely to be _______.

contempt

Programs intended to help prevent drug abuse often give children the opportunity to practice their refusal skills, presenting with situations in which someone tries to persuade them to try drugs and they refuse. This type of program relies on _______.

inoculation effects

How do emotions impact moral reasoning?

intense negative emotions generally direct us away from actions that would be viewed as immoral.

Paulo attended a political rally where the speakers focused on displays of patriotism and raising attendees' excitement about candidates but spent no time discussing policy details or the difficult choices that might have to be made. The rally organizers were using _______.

the peripheral route

Triss is the youngest and newest staff member in a competitive advertising agency and has noticed that her ideas are often ignored. However, when a more senior person repeats what she has said, almost work-for-word, the idea is greeted as brilliant. Triss is experiencing _______.

the sleeper effect

Participants in Milgram's study were the LEAST likely to administer the most severe shock under which condition?

when the experimenter left the room after providing instructions