Concepts Unit #4-Cardiac
The registered nurse (RN) is educating a new nurse about aortic regurgitation. Which statement by the new nurse indicates that the teaching has been effective? 1."Failure of the aortic valve to close completely allows blood to flow retrograde through the aorta to the left ventricle." 2."Failure of the aortic valve to close completely allows blood to flow retrograde through the left ventricle to the left atrium." 3."Failure of the aortic valve to close completely allows blood to flow retrograde through the right ventricle to the right atrium." 4."Failure of the aortic valve to close completely allows blood to flow retrograde through the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle."
"Failure of the aortic valve to close completely allows blood to flow retrograde through the aorta to the left ventricle."
A client with variant angina is scheduled to receive an oral calcium channel blocker twice daily. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching? 1."I should notify my doctor if my feet or legs start to swell." 2."My doctor told me to call his office if my pulse rate decreases below 60." 3."Avoiding grapefruit juice will definitely be a challenge for me, since I usually drink it every morning with breakfast." 4."My spouse told me that since I have developed this problem, we are going to stop walking in the mall every morning."
"My spouse told me that since I have developed this problem, we are going to stop walking in the mall every morning."
A nursing instructor asks a nursing student to describe the structure and function of the coronary arteries. Which response by the student indicates a need for further teaching on the anatomy and physiology of the heart? 1."The coronary arteries branch from the aorta." 2."The coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with blood." 3."The left coronary artery provides blood for the left atrium and the left ventricle." 4."The left coronary artery supplies the right atrium and right ventricle with blood."
"The left coronary artery supplies the right atrium and right ventricle with blood."
The registered nurse (RN) is educating a new RN about the use of oxygen for clients with angina pectoris. Which statement by the new nurse indicates that the teaching has been effective? 1."Oxygen has a calming effect." 2."Oxygen will prevent the development of any thrombus." 3."The pain of angina pectoris occurs because of a decreased oxygen supply to heart cells." 4."Oxygen dilates the blood vessels so that they can supply more nutrients to the heart muscle.
"The pain of angina pectoris occurs becasue of a decreased oxygen supply to heart cells."
A client with myocardial infarction is experiencing new, multiform premature ventricular contractions and short runs of ventricular tachycardia. The nurse plans to have which medication available for immediate use to treat the ventricular tachycardia? 1.Digoxin 2.Verapamil 3.Acebutolol 4.Amiodarone
Amiodarone
The nurse is planning to administer hydrochlorothiazide to a client. The nurse should monitor for which adverse effects related to the administration of this medication? 1.Hypouricemia, hyperkalemia 2.Increased risk of osteoporosis 3.Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, sulfa allergy 4.Hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, penicillin allergy
Hypokalemia, hypergylcemia, sulfa allergy
The nurse is listening to a cardiologist explain the results of a cardiac catheterization to a client and family. The health care provider (HCP) tells the client that a blockage is present in the large blood vessel that supplies the anterior wall of the left ventricle. The nurse determines that the blockage is located in which area? 1.Circumflex coronary artery 2.Right coronary artery (RCA) 3.Posterior descending coronary artery (PDA) 4.Left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD)
Left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD)
The nurse is performing an assessment on a client with a diagnosis of left-sided heart failure. Which assessment component would elicit specific information regarding the client's left-sided heart function? 1.Listening to lung sounds 2.Palpating for organomegaly 3.Assessing for jugular vein distention 4.Assessing for peripheral and sacral edema
Listening to lung sounds
A client admitted to the hospital with chest pain and a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus is scheduled for cardiac catheterization. Which medication would need to be withheld for 24 hours before the procedure and for 48 hours after the procedure? 1.Glipizide 2.Metformin 3.Repaglinide 4.Regular insulin
Metformin
A client is diagnosed with an ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and is receiving a tissue plasminogen activator, alteplase. Which action is a priority nursing intervention? 1.Monitor for kidney failure. 2.Monitor psychosocial status. 3.Monitor for signs of bleeding. 4.Have heparin sodium available.
Monitor for signs of bleeding
The nurse in the medical unit is reviewing the laboratory test results for a client who has been transferred from the intensive care unit (ICU). The nurse notes that a cardiac troponin T assay was performed while the client was in the ICU. The nurse determines that this test was performed to assist in diagnosing which condition? 1.Heart failure 2.Atrial fibrillation 3.Myocardial infarction 4.Ventricular tachycardia
Myocardial infarction
A client with no history of heart disease has experienced acute myocardial infarction and has been given thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator. What assessment finding should the nurse identify as an indicator that the client is experiencing complications of this therapy? 1.Tarry stools 2.Nausea and vomiting 3.Orange-colored urine 4.Decreased urine output
Tarry stools
A thrombolytic is administered in the hospital emergency department to a client who has had a myocardial infarction. The client's spouse asks the nurse about the purpose of the medication. The nurse bases the response on which fact regarding this medication? 1.Thrombolytics suppress the production of fibrin. 2.Thrombolytics act to prevent thrombus formation. 3.Thrombolytics act to dissolve thrombi that have already formed. 4.Thrombolytics have been proved to reverse all detrimental effects of heart attacks.
Thrombolytics act to dissolve thrombi that have already formed
A client being treated for heart failure is administered intravenous bumetanide. Which outcome indicates that the medication has achieved the expected effect? 1.Cough becomes productive of frothy pink sputum. 2.Urine output increases from 10 mL/hour to greater than 50 mL hourly. 3.The serum potassium level changes from 3.8 to 3.1 mEq/L (3.8 to 3.1 mmol/L). 4.B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) factor increases from 200 to 262 pg/mL (200 to 262 ng/L).
Urine output increases from 10 mL/hr to greater than 50 mL hourly
