Conceptual Integrated Science Chapter 1

Law

A general hypothesis or statement about the relationship of natural quantities that has been tested over and over again and has not been contradicted: also known as a principle.

Fact

A phenomenon about which competent observers can agree.

Theory

A synthesis of a large body of information that encompasses well-tested hypotheses about certain aspects of the natural world.

Science is a collective body of knowledge that goes back to

Before the 7th century bc

According to Aristotle and his followers over centuries, Earth was at the center of the universe. The first European to effectively challenge that notion was

Copernicus.

Which of these is recognized by the scientific community as a pseudoscience?

D. All of the above (Astrology, Magnetic healing, Crystal therapy).

Which of these fields make predictions?

D. All of the above (physic, chemistry, and literature).

Which of these remain constant over time?

D. Neither of the above (Facts and Theories).

In conducting science experiments, more important than a scientific-method recipe is scientific

D. all of the above (integrity, honesty, and attitude).

Most teams of scientists that work in Antarctica are comprised of

D. all of the above (physicists,chemists and biologists).

A truly educated person is knowledgeable about

D. all of the above (science, arts, and religion).

After failing more than 6000 times before perfecting the first electric light bulb, Thomas Edison stated that his trials were not failures, because he successfully discovered 6000 ways that don't work. Edison's success is nicely illustrated by

D. all of the above (trial and error, elements of the scientific method, the principle of falsifiability).

Principle of falsifiability

For a hypothesis to be considered scientific, it must be testable -- it must, in principle, be capable of being proven wrong.

Science

The collective findings of humans about nature, and the process of gathering and organizing knowledge about nature.

Technology

The means of solving practical problems by applying the findings of science.

A hypothesis is scientific if it has a test for proving it

Wrong

Science greatly advanced when Galileo favored

experiment over philosophical discussions

The classic scientific method, espoused by Galileo and Bacon, is

one of many ways in which scientific discoveries are made.

To tell whether a claim is one of science or of pseudoscience, look to see if

there is a test for wrongness.

Control

A test that excludes the variables being investigated in a scientific experiment.

Pseudoscience

A theory or practice that is considered to be without scientific foundations but purports to use the methods of science.

Hypothesis

An educated guess or reasonable explanation. When the hypothesis can be tested by experiment, it qualifies as a scientific hypothesis.

Which of these is not a scientific hypothesis?

An electron's charge is one of nature's secrets

Scientific Method

An orderly method of gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge.

Technology is

a tool of science.

A person who says "that's only a theory" likely doesn't know that a scientific theory is

a vast synthesis of well-tested hypothesis and facts.

Science and religion can often clash. They don't clash, however, when each addresses

its own domain

Although physics may be the most difficult science course taught in some schools, when the fields of the sciences are compared, the least complex is

physics

A most important condition for the validity of a scientific experiment is that its results be?

reproducible by others.

Which of these professions discredits their practitioners who cheat even once?

science