Construction Safety, exam 1

86. If the direction of travel to an exit is not immediately obvious, signs must be posted indicating the way.

True

88. All persons who have specific responsibilities during an emergency must be formally trained in the fire prevention plan.

True

9. Employees have the right to identify and correct safety problems in the workplace.

True

99. Employees who have been previously trained in a specific hazard category at another job do not necessarily have to be retrained by a new employer.

True

Should

Recommended procedure

Types of Citations

Willful, serious, other than serious, repeat

43. Can the employer be the competent person providing the training to employees?

Yes

93. If your company has 15 employees, do you need to have a written emergency plan?

Yes

82. The severity of a shock depends on____________. the amount of current the duration of the current the path of the current all of the above

all of the above

98. Material Safety Data Sheets describe __________. fire and explosion risks first-aid procedures health hazards all of the above

all of the above

20. Sometimes hazards can be eliminated with a/an _______ that physically changes the environment.

engineering control

81. ______________ are substances with high resistance to electricity like glass, porcelain, plastic and dry wood that prevent electricity from getting to unwanted areas.

insulators

PICTURE: If there is a hole in a roof, uncovered, is that okay?

no, should be covered or blocked, or also barricaded depending on the situation

PICTURE: standing on the top of a step ladder, is that safe?

no, top step is not to be used

58. ___________ can be permanent structures, or can be designed to be portable and moved along as work progresses.

shields

87. An emergency plan covers many types of emergencies, including ____________.

toxic chemical releases

What is the safe ladder use ratio of height/length from wall?

4:1 (1' away for every 4' in height)

Trigger height for fall protection?

6 feet

111. Jacks that are used continuously or intermittently at one site must be inspected and lubricated every _______.

6 months

28. The general rule is if an employee can fall ___ or more onto a lower level, fall protection must be provided.

6'

4. Approximately how many workplace fatalities occur every year in the U.S.?

6,000

36. What is the maximum height of a extension ladder?

60 feet

32. What is the required minimum vertical clearance above the line of the tread on a stairway?

7 feet

17. Approximately what percentage of eye injuries result from flying or falling objects or sparks striking the eye?

70%

76. Currents more than ______ mA can cause a rapid, ineffective heart rate that will cause death in a few minutes if not treated with a defibrillator.

75

1. How much time do employers have to report a fatal accident or an inpatient hospitalization of 3 or more employees?

8 hours

19. Hearing Protection must be provided when an employee's noise exposure exceeds an 8 hour time weighted average sound level of ______.

90 dBA

95. Fires and explosions kill more than ______ workers per year.

200

29. Top edge rails designed to protect workers from falling must be able to support ______ downward and side to side.

200 lbs.

5. Since the MIOSHA safety rules and enforcements have been established in 1970, workplace injuries have been reduced by:

40%

119. When debris is dropped through holes in the floor without chutes, barricades at least _____ high must enclose the drop area.

42 inches

45. What is the maximum height of a handrail from the walking surface of a scaffold?

42"

Height of top rail?

42" +/- 3" high 1/4" thick

25. The top edge of a guardrail must be _____________ above the walking/working level.

42" +/- 3" inches

97. _____________ have the primary responsibility for generating and disseminating the "downstream flow of information" regarding hazardous chemicals..

Chemical producers

13. What type of hard hat must be worn where there is a risk of bumping your head, falling objects and flying objects?

Class A

92. The kind of fire extinguisher that is effective for flammable liquids, gases or grease is __________.

Class B

90. Because of recent information regarding the difficulty of extinguishing cooking fires, a new classification ( ______ ) has been established.

Class K

Contesting OSHA Citation

Must be in writing, and be within 15 working days

Where to attach PFAs

D ring between shoulder blades

15. Electricians must wear _______type hard hats.

E

SHORT ANSWER: Difference between "Fall Protection" and "Fall Prevention"

Fall Protection= Protects from hitting the ground if a fall occurs (safety nets/harness) Fall Prevention= Prevents a fall from occurring in the first place (guard rails)

SHORT ANSWER: Focus 4 hazards?

Falls Electrocution Struck-by Caught In-Between

101. Employees that handle the chemicals that service copy machines are exempt from OSHA's HazCom standards.

False

113. Hand held power tool cords can be used to hoist and lower the tool.

False

114. The primary hazard posed by pneumatic tools is the risk of electrocution.

False

116. Work methods and stations should be designed to maximize the distance between the worker and the object being lifted.

False

48. As long as planking is 2" x 10", it does not matter what species or grade of lumber it is.

False

70. For the most part, all cranes operate the same way so there is no need for special education on differing cranes.

False

74. Crane operators are required to have 20/20 vision.

False

Be free from retaliation

Firing, blacklisting, demoting, denying OT, Disciplining, Denying benefits, failure to hire, intimidation, reducing pay/hrs

Common Ladder Hazards

Improper Set up Portable ladders not 3ft above landing surface Not securing ladder correctly Standing on top two steps of a stepladder Overreaching

4 groups of OSHA standards

General Industry (1910) Construction (1926) Maritime (1915) Agriculture (1928)

Conventional Systems

Guardrails Safety Nets Hole Covers Personal Fall Arrest Systems

Ladder inspections

Before each use Broken/weak ladders to be marked as tagged and taken out of service Look for cracks/weak points Competent person must periodically check

Type 2

Medium Duty; 225lbs

Construction Manager

Takes control of site, planning, coordinating activities, budgeting, supervisor start to finish

Type III

Light duty; 200lbs

Trigger height for steel?

15'-30' depending on what is being done

SHORT ANSWER: Definition of a competent person in OSHAs eyes? (2 parts)

- Can recognize/identify a hazard -Authorized to immediately eliminate hazards

how can you prevent equipment from running you over?

- don't stand behind it -spotter -alarm -visible clothing (vest)

Types of OSHA Inspections

--Imminent danger Fatality or hospitalizations Worker complaints/referrals Targeted inspections— Local Emphasis Program (LEP), National Emphasis Program (NEP) particular hazards or industries Follow-up Inspection

what are 3 things you can use to protect from falls?

-Guard rails -Safety nets -PFAS (Personal Fall Arrest System)

18. According to the Department of Labor, what percentage of the 770 workers who suffered from face injuries were wearing face shields?

1%

What is the minimum distance that you should stay away from power lines?

10'

OSHA inspection process

1. Credentials 2. Opening meeting 3. Walk thru 4. Closing conference

Limited right to refuse to work because conditions are hazardous;

1. You believe that you face death or serious injury (and the situation is so clearly hazardous that any reasonable person would believe the same) 2. You have tried to get your employer to correct the condition 3. The situation is so urgent that you have no time to eliminate the hazard such as calling OSHA

what is the ratio of fatalities due to falls?

1/3

118. Cranes must stay at least __________ feet from power lines to avoid potential dangers.

10

67. Cranes must stay at least ____ from power lines.

10 feet

Trigger height for scaffolds?

10 feet

54. If a worker on a scaffold can fall more than _______ , guard rails and/or Personal Fall Arrest systems must be used.

10'

12. When an employer has ______ or more employees they must maintain records of occupational injuries and illnesses.

11

75. Mechanical failures represent ______% of crane accidents.

11%

46. If a plank extends over an end support it must extend at least 6" beyond the support, but no more than __________.

12"

55. If two planks overlap at a support, what is the minimum overlap?

12"

51. The front edge of all platforms must be no more than ______ from the face of the work.

14"

34. Points of access where there is an elevation break of _____ or more must have a stairway or ladder.

19 inches

Filing a complaint

1903.11 set forth in writing, with reasonable particularity the grounds for the notice, and shall be signed by the employee or rep of employee

Fall Protection

1926 Subpart M

Ladders

1926 subpart X

57. Excavation spoils should not be any closer than ______ from the edge of the trench.

2 feet

In an excavation, how far away from the sides of the trench must things be?

2'

64. Walkways and bridges must extend at least _____ past the edges of the trench.

24 inches

61. Any trench deeper than 4 feet must have an egress ladder or stair within ________ of all workers.

25 feet

94. An exit access must be at least _____ wide at all points.

28 inches

56. Excavation contractors should give MISSDIG ______ full working days to mark utilities before they plan to excavate.

3

26. Toe boards that protect workers from falling objects must be at least ______ above the walking surface.

3 1/2 inches

33. What is the minimum clearance between the handrail and the wall on a temporary stair system.

3 inches

100. Material Data Safety Sheets must be updated by the manufacturer or importer within ______ of learning any new or significant information regarding a chemical's hazard potential.

3 months

50. What is the minimum clearance for scaffolding near insulated power lines less than 300 volts.

3'

safe ladder use, what is the height above the walking platform that the ladder must be?

3' above surface

27. What is the maximum vertical distance below a working surface that a safety net can be secured.

30 feet

115. If a powder actuated tool misfires, the operator shall hold the tool in place for at least __________.

30 seconds

2. What is the name of the form that summarizes the previous year's work related injuries and illnesses that must be posted from February through April?

300A

63. Excavations must be tested to a depth of _____ for oxygen deficiency and high concentrations of combustible gases.

4 feet

39. Ladders should be able to support _____ their rated work load.

4 times

52. Supported scaffolds with a height to base ratio of more than _____ must be restrained by guying, tying, bracing or equivalent means.

4 to 1

In an excavation, what is the trigger depth that requires a ladder or ramp?

4' or deeper

79. According to the Bureau of Statistics, approximately _____ workers are electrocuted every week.

5

40. A ladder is supported against the top of a 20 foot wall - how far away from the wall must the base of the ladder be?

5'

In an excavation, what is the trigger depth that requires a protection system?

5' or deeper

what is the minimum strength that a PFAS must have?

5,000 lbs.

91. Exit doors must swing outwards if the occupancy of the building is ______ or more.

50

Who has to inspect scaffolds? When are inspections done?

A competent person -before each shift -after it is assembled -any time the competent person feels like it is necessary

Employee rights

A safe and healthful workplace ◦ Know about hazardous chemicals ◦ Report injury to employer ◦ Complain or request hazard correction from employer ◦ Training ◦ Hazard exposure and medical records File a complaint with OSHA Participate in an OSHA inspection Be free from retaliation for exercising safety and health rights

Other than serious

A violation that has a direct relationship to safety and health, but probably would not cause death or serious physical harm.

Repeated

A violation that is the same or similar to a previous violation.

Willful

A violation that the employer intentionally and knowingly commits or a violation that the employer commits with plain indifference to the law.

Serious

A violation where there is substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result and that the employer knew, or should have known, of the hazard

22. A key requirement of a body harness (Personal Fall Arrest System) is: A. Competent person must inspect prior to it being used after a fall incident. B. Must be inspected prior to each use. C. There should be a prompt rescue after a fall. D. All of the above

All of the above

ANSI

American National Standards Institute: A private, non-profit organization that coordinates the development and use of voluntary consensus standards in the United States.

109. The operator of powder-actuated tools shall have ___________. Common sense An operator's card Gloves Safety shoes

An operator's card

ABCD of fall protection

Anchor Body Harness Connecting Devices (shock absorbing lanyard) Descent (Rescue)

Important weights

Anchor point able to support 5000lbs Withstand two times the intended impact load determined by a qualified person

Authorized person

Approved by employer to perform specific type of duty at job site

7. Michigan has been approved to administer its own safety program with standards that are _______.

At least as effective as OSHA

Venous Pooling

Blood supply is cut off from brain at femoral artery

SHORT ANSWER: What does the acronym "BE SAFE" stand for?

Burns Electrocution Shock Arc Flash/Arc Blasts Fire Explosion

Competent Person

Capable of identifying existing hazards in workspace and has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them

60. Trench boxes are different from shoring because instead of supporting the trench face, they are mostly serving to protect workers from __________.

Cave-ins

Employer

Contractor or sub contractor w/in the meaning of this act or part

110. Powder-actuated tools shall be tested each_______ before loading to see that safety devices are in proper working order.

Day

General Contractor

Day to day operations Managing vendors/ trades Responsible for quality of work

Sources inside workplace to go for help

Employer or supervisor, co-workers and union representatives Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for information on chemicals Labels and warning signs Employee orientation manuals or other training materials Work tasks and procedures instruction

4:1 pitch

Extension ladders should be used at 4:1 pitch; Every 4ft in height, bottom of ladder should be 1ft away from structure

Type 1A:

Extra heavy duty; 300lbs

Common terminology for main construction injuries

Fatal 4/Big 4 Falls Struck By Caught in or Between Electrical

Where and how do employees fall

Floor openings Ladder/ Scaffolding Hoist area leading edge hole covers

controlling employer

Has authority to tell someone to correct the hazard

96. The _____________ establishes uniform requirements that make sure the hazards associated with all chemicals imported, produced or used in U.S. workplaces are evaluated, and that pertinent information is provided to all those workers affected.

Hazard Communication Standard

Type 1

Heavy duty; 250lbs

Trigger height for dangerous machinery/equipment?

Height does not matter

Sub contractor

Hired to do a job

123. Bags and bundles must be stacked in ________ rows to remain secure.

Interlocking

89. Fire extinguishers are rated and classified in order to help users recognize _____________.

Its capabilities

How much does a scaffold have to hold?

Its own weight plus 4 times the intended load

RecordKeeping

Keep records of fatalities, injuries, and illnesses that is work related/ a new case Employers with 10+ must keep records Workers have right to report injury and view log and OSHA 3000

59. _________ are NOT part of a well designed protective system.

Lashed ladders

Stabilization

Maintain 3 pts of contact at all times 2 hands/1 foot, or, 1 hand/2 feet Keep body centered on ladder

Shall

Mandatory procedure

102. Chemical manufacturers and importers must convey the hazard information by means of labels and __________.

Material Safety Data Sheets

How OSHA determines if Retaliation took place

Must reveal that: Employee engaged in protected activity Employer knew about protected activity Employer took an adverse action protected activity was the motivating factor

105. Are pipes, engines, fuel tanks or other systems in a vehicle considered containers that must be regulated by HazCom standards?

No

16. Will a OSHA inspector approve a hard hat that has been painted or has stickers on it?

No

8. Are employers required to record a non-serious injury that requires only first-aid?

No

Are a harness and body belt the same thing?

No

Source outside workplace to go for help

OSHA website OSHA Regional Office NIOSH- sister agency OSHA Training Institute Education Centers Doctors, nurses, other health care providers Public libraries Other local, community-based resource

Exposing Employer

One is who is exposed to the hazard

Qualified Person

One who, by possession or degree, certificate, standing, who by extensive knowledge, successfully demonstrated his ability to solve problems relating to subject matter

Prime contractor

Ownership of project or job

Employer Requirements

Provide a workplace free from recognized hazards and comply with OSHA standards Provide training required by OSHA standards Keep records of injuries and illnesses Provide medical exams when required by OSHA standards and provide workers access to their exposure and medical records Not discriminate against workers who exercise their rights under the Act (Section 11(c)) Post OSHA citations and hazard correction notices Provide and pay for most PPE

Approved

Sanctioned, endorsed, accredited, certified or accepted as satisfactory by authority or agency

Rescue Plans

Self Rescue Mechanically Aided Rescue Assisted Self Rescue

Type 1AA

Special duty 375lbs

General Duty Clause 5(a)(1)

Statement in Occupational Safety and Health Act that requires employers subject to OSHA to provide employees with a safe and healthy work environment.

SHORT ANSWER: Difference between "Struck-By" and "Caught In-between"

Struck-by=When the impact alone caused the injury Caught in-between= When the injury is created more as a result of crushing injuries between objects (crushing/squeezing)

Creating employer

The employer who actually creates the hazard

Why is the Big 4 important

Those 4 are the reason for most injuries/fatalities in construction

Securement

Tie both sides of the top of the ladder to a fixed point on roof/ bottom should be tied to ground

104. Chemical exposure may cause or contribute to many serious health effects; including cancer, kidney and lung damage, sterility and burns.

True

106. It is the employee's responsibility to use the personal protective equipment needed for each hazard situation.

True

108. While removing a jam from a pneumatic nailer or stapler, the source of power shall be disconnected.

True

11. If an inspector is denied permission to enter a job site, the Department can apply for a warrant from the local court and enter the property with the assistance of the sheriff. Advance notice is not required.

True

112. Employers shall ensure that employees are trained in the proper use of tools before authorizing their use.

True

124. Any modification that could affect capacity and safe operation of a fork lift must be performed with the approval of the manufacturer.

True

14. If an employee needs work gloves for general purposes the employer is not required to purchase them.

True

21. Employers are required to train employees in instruction and proper use of PPEs.

True

23. Falls are the leading cause of death in the construction industry.

True

24. As of 2011, residential construction employers who opt not to use conventional fall protection equipment because they believe the use of the equipment would cause a greater risk to the employee, must have a written fall protection plan that is site-specific.

True

35. Stairs with 4 or more risers must be equipped with a handrail.

True

37. When portable ladders are used for access to an upper landing surface, the side rails must extend at least 3 feet above the upper landing surface.

True

38. Workers cannot use spiral stairs that will not be a permanent part of the structure.

True

44. If a ladder has a defect, it should be immediately marked or tagged defective and taken out of service.

True

53. No matter what type of scaffold that is being used, a competent person must be assigned to train employees in the proper assembly, moving, disassembly, and inspections of scaffold equipment.

True

6. Every jobsite is required to provide and have a written Construction Safety or Accident Prevention Program.

True

65. Contractors should take special cautionary measures on an excavated job-site after a rainstorm.

True

72. The area within the swing radius of the crane should be barricaded to insure no one enters that area.

True

73. Crane operators should be mindful of asphalt which can easliy become a soft, shifting surface under a concentrated load.

True

83. Fuses and circuit breakers are overcurrent devices. When too much current is detected, fuses melt and circuit breakers trip.

True

84. All pull boxes, junction boxes and fittings should be grounded and covered with a faceplate or fixture canopy.

True

85. Many electrocutions and fires can occur because sections of old metal plumbing that were originally used as a ground are replaced with plastic pipe during renovations or repairs.

True

Who inspects PFAs

Whoever is putting it on

125. Which of the following are requirements when storing bricks? A. Stacks no more than 7' high. B. Loose brick stacks more than 4' high must be tapered back. C. Brick stacks must be banded and held inplace D. All of the above E. A and b only

a and b only

42. Who should be instructing employers on safe rules regarding the use of ladders?

a competent person

Correcting Employer

an employer who is responsible for correcting a hazard

49. If a cross brace is used as part of a guardrail system and the pivot point occurs from 18 inches above the platform ___________. a mid rail shall be added a top rail shall be added nothing is needed both the top rail and a mid rail shall be added

a top rail shall be added

10. A competent person or safety officer must: know the right standards be able to identify hazards have the authority to take appropriate actions all of the above

all of the above

107. Compressed air shall not be used for blowing dirt or dust from________. hands face clothing all of the above

all of the above

121. Seek help with heavy objects and materials when: the load is too bulky to grasp of lift you cannot see over or around the load you cannot safely handle the load all of the above

all of the above

122. Some common workplace hazards are: falling material improper lifting being caught in pinch points all of the above

all of the above

62. Excavation hazards include__________________. water accumulation mobile equipment falls all of the above

all of the above

OSHA's Mission

assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance.

103. Training is required for employees who are exposed to hazardous chemicals in their work area: after any chemical exposure at the time of initial assignment every six months both B and C

at the time of initial assignment

Lanyard attachment

attached to an anchorage and connected to the body-belt or body harness

71. Load limiting factors are_________. snow use of extensions wind both B and C

both B and C

41. When maintaining a ladder, which of the options below would be appropriate to coat the ladder with?

clear polyurethane

31. Training must be provided to each employee who might be exposed to fall hazards. Who is the person who should instruct the employees?

competent person

69. A ____________ is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions, and has authorization to take prompt corrective measures.

competent person

Construction Work

construction, alteration and or repair,including painting and decorating

30. When there is a danger of falling objects because unprotected leading edge work is being performed a ______ should be established.

controlled access zone

What does a GFCI (Ground-fault circuit interrupter) do?

detects ground faults and interrupts the flow of electric current to protect the worker by limiting the duration of an electrical shock

Who has the responsibility to wear or use all required safety gear and equipment?

employees

117. General principles of ___________ should be part of a safe lifting training program.

ergonomics

66. In order to communicate between the crane operator and assisting personnel, we rely upon _________.

hand signals

47. A _______ is the number one protection from falling objects.

hard hat

80. All but _______ are factors which determine the resistance of a material to the flow of electricity.

its weight

68. The three main causes of crane accidents are instability, lack of communication, and _________.

lack of training

78. When an employee is exposed to contact with parts of fixed equipment or circuits which have been de-energized, the circuits that energize the parts should be ________.

locked out

120. Four out of five compensable injuries that occur at work are those that affect the ___________ .

lower back

Can you climb the cross braces of a scaffold?

no

PICTURE: someone is carrying tools/supplies on a ladder, is this okay?

no

Should you use anything electrical when you or the ground is wet?

no

if there is a crack in the shell of your hard hat, is it still safe to wear?

no

if there is rotating equipment, what is the best thing to do to prevent someone from getting injured?

put up a barricade, prevent others from getting near its swing radius

Safety Factor

ratio of the ultimate breaking strength of a member or piece of material or equipment to the actual working stress or safe load when in use

77. _________type of ground is primarily designed to protect machines, tools and insulation against damage.

system or service ground

When working around power lines, what should you always assume?

that they are live

If something is barricaded and someone is standing outside of it, do they need to wear a hard hat?

yes

If there is a toe board on a scaffold, are hard hats required?

yes

If you are working on a system that is grounded, and everything you have done is right, can something still go wrong?

yes