Contemporary social problems chapter 2
According to the World Health Organization's analysis of the world's health systems, the United States ranked first in a. the proportion of its gross national product spent on health care. b. health care performance. c. patient safety. d. efficiency in health care.
A
All of the following factors have contributed to rising health care costs in the United States EXCEPT a. the growing percentage of children in the total population. b. high rates of obesity. c. increased use of advanced medical technology. d. high costs of drugs.
A
Compared with people in other industrialized countries, Americans are a. less likely to smoke and drink alcohol. b. more likely to have uncontrolled cholesterol. c. less likely to get screened for cancer. d. more likely to die from infectious diseases.
A
Comprehensive primary health is most interested in which of the following? a. poverty and economic inequality b. the pharmaceutical industry c. lobbying groups d. national health care
A
Conflict theorists interested in health emphasize a. the relationships between corporate profit and the health of workers and consumers. b. the development of the "sick role." c. the quality of doctor training. d. the effectiveness of drugs.
A
Conventional, mainstream Western medicine is also known as a. allopathic. b. complementary. c. palliative. d. compensatory.
A
Deinstitutionalization in mental health care refers to the process of a. reducing costly and often neglectful institutional care and providing more humane services in the community. b. decreasing the numbers of doctors and other health care workers who practice in mental hospitals. c. adding more private rooms, community dining facilities, and recreational areas in mental health hospitals. d. providing more job training in mental health facilities that will prepare patients to obtain employment when they leave the health care facility.
A
If someone is suffering from major depression, where are they most likely to look for help? a. a family doctor or general practitioner b. a psychiatrist c. a psychologist d. a licensed social worker
A
In developing countries, the leading cause of death of women ages 15 to 49 is a. complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and unsafe abortion. b. respiratory and heart diseases. c. degenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. d. cancer.
A
In the United States, men are LESS likely than women to a. visit a doctor and adhere to medical regimens. b. be socialized to be independent. c. abuse alcohol and drugs. d. engage in risky behaviors.
A
Research on the relationship between education and health shows that, on average, compared with individuals with higher levels of education, individuals with lower levels of education a. have less knowledge regarding health risks. b. care less about their health. c. focus more on mental health than physical health. d. focus more on preventive care than treatment for illnesses.
A
Seven-year-old Kyra is excited to find a "Mickey Check" on her snack. The Mickey Check is found on Disney-licensed products that a. meet criteria for limited fat, sodium, sugar, and calories. b. are relatively lowcost. c. are "kidtested." d. contain prizes or other advertising gimmicks.
A
The concept of medicalization includes a. defining normal biological events, such as childbirth or menopause, as medical problems. b. financial contributions of private health care providers and insurers to political campaigns. c. increasing use of "natural" and "alternative" medicines to treat lifethreatening illnesses. d. emphasis on health care treatment rather than prevention of illness and disability.
A
The disparity between rich and poor countries is greatest for a. maternal mortality. b. infant mortality. c. under5 mortality. d. heart disease.
A
The textbook identified several negative effects on health caused by globalization. Which of the following is NOT one of these negative effects? a. medical tourism b. globesity c. increased spread of infectious disease d. increased pollution
A
Uninsured Americans are most likely to cite a need for care. a. dental b. preventive c. obesity counseling d. mental health
A
What kind of health care focuses on the broader social determinants of health, such as poverty and economic inequality, gender inequality, or prejudice and discrimination? a. comprehensive b. primary c. secondary d. global
A
Which causes of death are much more common in the low-income countries than in the high-income countries? a. parasitic and infectious diseases b. chronic noninfectious diseases c. heart disease d. diseases caused by physical inactivity
A
Which of the following government funded programs is intended to provide health coverage for poor Americans, regardless of age? a. Medicaid b. Medicare c. Managed care d. SCHIP
A
Which of the following is NOT a provision of the Affordable Care Act? a. eliminating Medicare b. requiring U.S. citizens and legal residents to have health insurance or pay a penalty c. providing tax credits to businesses that provide insurance to their employees d. prohibiting health insurance plans from placing lifetime limits on the dollar value of coverage
A
Which of the following is an argument in favor of a singlepayer health care system? a. It would save money. b. It would keep the government out of the business of health care. c. It would be a truly market based system. d. It would place power in the hands of the states rather than the federal government.
A
Which of the following was NOT cited in the textbook as a strategy to improve mental health care? a. stigmatizing mental illness b. eliminating the negative label of mental illness c. improving access to mental health care d. providing mental health support for college students
A
Which of the theoretical perspectives is most likely to study how changes in society affect health? a. structural-functionalism b. conflict c. feminism d. symbolic interactionism
A
Which of these racial/ethnic groups tend to live longer and experience greater health in spite of their relatively lower educational and income levels? a. Hispanic Americans b. Asian Americans c. Native Americans d. African Americans
A
Which theoretical perspective focuses on the medicalization of society? a. symbolic interaction b. structuralfunctional c. social exchange d. conflict
A
__________Streets are roads designed with sidewalks, bike lanes, and other features that encourage walking, bicycling, and the use of public transportation. a. Complete b. Green c. Active and Alive d. Retro
A
countries are also known as the high-income countries. a. Developed b. Developing c. Primary d. Elite
A
A singlepayer health care system would a. cover only one individual per family. b. replace private insurance companies. c. require individuals and families to purchase all of their coverage from one company. d. cover only one individual per family.
B
A symbolic interactionist is likely to study a. health care as a market commodity in capitalistic systems. b. the varying definitions of diseases and conditions across cultures. c. how illness leads to other social problems in society. d. how illness keeps people from performing their roles.
B
All of the following contribute to poorer health among racial and ethnic minorities compared to whites in the U.S. EXECPT a. socioeconomic differences. b. greater access to preventive care. c. greater exposure to environmental hazards. d. lifestyle differences.
B
Amelia is sixty-eight years old and has been retired for three years. Which of the following programs is most likely to pay for her health care needs? a. SCHIP b. Medicare c. Medicaid d. CHAMPUS
B
As societies develop and provide better living conditions, there is a shift from a. high life expectancy and predominance of parasitic and infectious diseases to low life expectancy and predominance of chronic and degenerative conditions. b. low life expectancy and predominance of parasitic and infectious diseases to high life expectancy and predominance of chronic and degenerative conditions. c. low maternal and infant mortality and predominance of chronic and degenerative conditions to high maternal and infant mortality and predominance of parasitic and infectious diseases. d. high maternal and infant mortality and predominance of deaths due to parasitic and infectious diseases to low maternal and infant mortality and predominance of deaths due to autoimmune diseases, such as AIDS.
B
Compared to individuals with health insurance, individuals who lack health insurance are a. more likely to receive preventive care. b. more likely to be hospitalized for avoidable health problems. c. more likely to be diagnosed in the early stages of disease. d. more likely to be able to see a health care provider of their choice.
B
Each of the following has negative implications for women's health worldwide EXCEPT a. sexual violence. b. gender equality. c. nutritional deprivation. d. indoor air pollution.
B
Efforts to improve health in low and middleincome countries include all of the following EXCEPT a. improving access to adequate nutrition b. developing market based health care delivery c. promoting the use of condoms d. distributing mosquito nets to prevent malaria
B
In 2010, launched the Let's Move! Initiative. a. Sesame Street b. First Lady Michelle Obama c. NBC Television d. Justin Bieber
B
In 2012, about percent of the U.S. population lacked health insurance coverage. a. 5 b. 15 c. 25 d. 40
B
In recent years, approximately__________ percent of U.S. adults with serious mental illness received mental health services. a. 5 b. 60 c. 80 d. 99
B
Medical tourism refers to a. doctors and other health care professionals traveling around the world to offer their services where needed. b. a growing multibillion dollar industry involving traveling for the purpose of obtaining medical care. c. the increased spread of infectious diseases across international borders. d. the spread of disease caused by international tourism.
B
Medicare a. reimburses the elderly and disabled for some health care costs. b. provides free health care for the poor. c. provides free immunizations and preventive care for poor children. d. is a neighborhood emergency health care facility.
B
Mental illness that is associated with ______________, a discrediting label that blocks a person from social acceptance. a. medicalization b. stigma c. sick role d. alienation
B
The World Health Organization found that the U.S. ranked__________ in health care performance out of 191 a. in the top 25 b. somewhere between 25-50 c. in the bottom 10 d. last
B
The major cause of under-5 mortality is a. premature birth and low birth weight. b. diarrhea resulting from poor water quality and sanitation. c. contagious childhood illness, such as measles. d. hospital-borne bacteria transmitted to the child during birth.
B
The state Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) provides health care coverage to uninsured children a. of illegal immigrants. b. whose families cannot afford private health insurance but do not qualify for Medicaid. c. who suffer fatal illnesses. d. who suffer disabling chronic illnesses, such as muscular dystrophy.
B
The use of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This is an example of a. manifest functions. b. latent dysfunctions. c. bad policy. d. poor individual choices.
B
Today, the leading cause of death worldwide is a. infectious and parasitic diseases. b. cardiovascular disease. c. cancer. d. homicide.
B
Typically, national health insurance includes all of the following EXCEPT a. the government directly controls the financing and organization of health services b. the government decides who gets coverage and who does not c. the government pays providers directly d. private care is allowed for individuals who are willing to pay
B
What is the official name of the program commonly referred to as Obamacare? a. Universal Health Care Initiative b. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act c. Personal Health Protection and Rehabilitation Act d. No Child Left Behind Act
B
Which concept refers to a person's position in society based on that person's level of educational attainment, occupation, and household income? a. economic development b. socioeconomic status c. ethnicity d. economic relevance
B
Which of the following have the highest rate of infant mortality? a. white, non-Hispanic Americans b. black Americans c. Hispanics d. Asian Americans
B
Which of the following is more common among the poor than other socioeconomic groups in the U.S.? a. lower levels of stress b. less access to medical care c. higher levels of physical activity d. poorer physical health, but better mental health
B
Which of these is the organization fighting to eliminate the negative label given to mental illness? a. Organization for the Promotion of Mentally Health Children (OPMHC) b. National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) c. Random Acts of Kindness d. National Organization for Wellness (NOW)
B
Which term refers to the growing economic, political, and social interconnectedness among societies? a. post industrialization b. globalization c. international dependence d. secularization
B
Who was the first U.S. president to propose a national health insurance plan? a. Barack Obama b. Theodore Roosevelt c. Jimmy Carter d. Bill Clinton
B
Worldwide, what are the most common causes of death? a. parasitic infections b. heart disease, stroke, cancer, and respiratory diseases c. hunger d. infectious diseases
B
____________ is the most common reason college students seek treatment or receive services for mental health a. Eating disorder b. Anxiety c. Schizophrenia d. Bipolar disorder
B
___________can have positive effects on health, such as improving communication regarding the spread of disease and its prevention, and negative effects on health, such as facilitating the spread of infectious disease and increasing pollution. a.Deinstitutionalization b.Globalization c. Parity d. Morbidity
B
Before the Affordable Care Act, __________Americans were the least likely to have health insurance. a. White b. Black c. Hispanic d. Native
C
Before the passage of the Affordable Care Act, which of the following age groups was most likely to be uninsured? a. children ages 0 to 5 b. children ages 6 to 17 c. young adults ages 18 to 24 d. adults aged 65 and older
C
Globally,_____________ percent of women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by an intimate partner. a. 3 b. 5 c. 30 d. 80
C
High maternal mortality rates in less developed countries result mostly from a. high levels of intravenous drug use. b. high rates of HIV/AIDS. c. lack of access to quality health care, sanitation and nutrition. d. high levels of obesity.
C
In terms of mental illness, the Affordable Care Act a. limits insurance coverage to physical illnesses. b. limits access to mental health insurance coverage to those over age 65. c. requires insurance plans to cover mental health and substance abuse. d. does nothing to improve access to services for the mentally ill.
C
Individuals with mental illness, drug addiction, or missing teeth are likely to be stigmatized.__________________ theorists would be interested in how these individuals are labeled. a. social exchange b. conflict c. symbolic interaction d. structural functional
C
Juan's health will be influenced by his socioeconomic status, including his occupation, household income, and a. race. b. ethnicity. c. education. d. geographical location.
C
Life expectancy is a. the average age of death in a given year. b. the average age individuals surveyed in a given year expect to live. c. the average age individuals born in a given year can expect to live. d. the average age individuals born in a given year can expect to live in good health.
C
Medicaid is funded a. solely by the federal government. b. solely by the state government. c. jointly by federal and state governments. d. by private insurance corporations.
C
Mental illness is considered a "hidden epidemic" because a. most mentally ill are institutionalized in hospitals or long-term care facilities. b. the mentally ill are more likely to stay at home and avoid contact with others. c. the shame associated with mental problems discourages people from acknowledging them. d. health care providers tend to misdiagnose mentally ill patients as physically ill.
C
Most U.S. insurance companies control costs through____________, which involves monitoring and controlling the decisions of health care providers. a. socialized medicine b. a pure market system c. managed care d. palliative care
C
National health care systems that provide health care to all citizens are called a. affordable care. b. health management organizations. c. universal health care. d. market based health care.
C
President Obama's call for a national dialogue on mental illness included a proposal to a. train teachers to identify signs of mental illness and provide assistance. b. provide armed guards for all public schools. c. pay for home schooling for all mentally ill students. d. promote institutionalization for mentally ill students.
C
Selective primary health care focuses on a. developing new drugs. b. community development. c. immunizations. d. reducing gender inequality.
C
Studies of health care costs show that a. health care administrative costs in the United States are lower than in most other nations. b. Americans pay less for patented brand-name prescription drugs than any Western nation. c. health insurance premiums are not rising as fast as the pace of inflation. d. rising health care costs increase the prices that American consumers pay for goods and services.
C
The Affordable Care Act prohibits insurance companies from a. discounting brandname medications. b. using income from premiums on administrative costs. c. denying coverage due to preexisting conditions. d. providing dependent coverage for children up to age 26.
C
The conflict perspective in sociology is likely to be concerned with the a. norms associated with the "sick role." b. stigma attached to people who are mentally ill. c. profit motive of pharmaceutical and health care industries. d. ways in which medicine can transform lives as well as treat illnesses.
C
The infant-mortality rate refers to the number of deaths of live-born infants under _________ of age per 1,000 live births in a given year. a. 3 months b. 6 months c. 1 year d. 2 years
C
The major health threat in developed countries is a. infectious diseases. b. parasites. c. noninfectious, nontransmissible diseases. d. malnutrition.
C
The societal health measure showing the greatest disparity between rich and poor countries is a. infant mortality. b. under-5 mortality. c. maternal mortality. d. life expectancy.
C
What is an example of how health problems impact poverty? a. The higher social classes are more likely to be diagnosed and treated for mental illness. b. Physical and mental health problems can limit one's ability to pursue education and vocational training and/or employment c. Lower-class individuals experience greater adversity and stress as a result of their deprived and difficult living conditions. d. Individuals in higher social classes are less likely to be stigmatized for mental illness.
C
Which of the following groups has the lowest life expectancy in the U.S.? a. white men b. white women c. black men d. black women
C
Which of the following is NOT one of the strategies cited in the textbook as a way to fight the growing problem of obesity? a. local and state anti-obesity policies b. workplace wellness programs c. sanctions, such as fines, for parents d. school nutrition and physical activity programs
C
Which of the following is NOT one of the ways being used to improve the health of women in low-income countries? a. making education available to women b. providing access to family planning services c. encouraging early marriage d. providing women with incomeproducing opportunities
C
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the health environment of Americans? a. Americans have the highest obesity rates of any industrialized nation. b. American communities are designed for automobiles rather than pedestrians. c. Americans tend to work fewer hours and take more time off than workers in other industrialized nations. d. Americans tend to have unhealthy patterns of food consumption.
C
Which of the following was NOT cited in the textbook as a risk accompanying medical tourism? a. lack of quality control b. increasing the illegal market for human organs c. loss of income for insurance companies d. spread of infectious disease
C
Which of the industrialized nations spends the most per person on healthcare? a. Canada b. Great Britain c. United States d. Sweden
C
Which theoretical perspective focuses on how wealth, status, power, and the profit motive influence illness and health care? a. social exchange b. structuralfunctionalist c. conflict d. symbolic interactionist
C
Worker's compensation a. is available to all employees in the United States. b. is paid for by deductions from workers' pay. c. is often not available or goes unused. d. allows workers who collect it to sue their employers for work-related damages.
C
__________ of U.S. adults are classified as obese. a. Two percent b. 10 percent c. One-third d. Two-thirds
C
____________ has adopted new rules on how editors and reporters report on mental illness. a. The FDA b. CBS News c. The Associated Press d. National Public Television
C
____________ refers to health conditions characterized by changes in thinking, mood, and/or behavior associated with distress and/or impaired functioning that meet certain criteria. a. Mental health b. Mental condition c. Mental illness d. Mental disease
C
According to the text, improving access to mental health services involves improving health insurance coverage for mental health problems and a. mandating prison time for mentally ill offenders. b. paying mental health professionals what they are worth. c. placing mental health centers in malls and superstores. d. recruiting more mental health professionals.
D
Compared to other wealthy countries, the United States a. spends less on health care but has better health outcomes. b. spends less on health care and has worse health outcomes. c. spends more on health care and has better health outcomes. d. spends more on health care but has worse health outcomes.
D
Hispanic Americans experience greater longevity and better health than other high risk minority populations because a. they have higher levels of education and income. b. their diets are higher in fats and simple carbohydrates. c. they are more likely to breast-feed their infants. d. their cultural values promote close and supportive family and community relationships.
D
Individuals with low levels of education are LESS likely than individuals of higher education to a. eat unhealthy food. b. drink heavily. c. work in stressful jobs. d. seek prenatal care.
D
Managed health care a. is a government agency designed to monitor the quality of hospital care. b. is a private agency designed to monitor and control the quality of physician care. c. provides in-home health care to fatally ill patients. d. controls costs by monitoring and controlling the decisions of health care providers.
D
Negative stereotypes of people with mental illness contribute to its discrediting label or a. anomie. b. alienation. c. transference. d. stigma.
D
Steve Jobs reportedly traveled to Switzerland for special cancer treatment. This is an example of a. globesity. b. secularization. c. medicalization. d. medical tourism.
D
The 2012 Health HungerFree Kids Act a. provided money for advertising healthy foods to children. b. provided increased funding for the Food Stamp program. c. mandated school time for physical activity for elementary age children. d. established new standards for school lunch and breakfast programs.
D
The World Health Organization defines health as a. an individual's perception of being well. b. a state of physical well being. c. the absence of illness. d. a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
D
The text described several forms of CAM or complementary and alternative medicine. Which of the following is NOT a type of CAM? a. medical marijuana b. yoga c. acupuncture d. elective surgery
D
What is the average life expectancy in the highincome countries? a. 55 b. 65 c. 70 d. 80
D