COS Ch. 5 Infection Control

Which of the following characteristics refers to the CLEANING step of infection control? (Select all that apply.)

- Can involve the use of an ultrasonic unit - Significantly reduces pathogens on a surface - Lowest level of decontamination

___________ is an example of INDIRECT transmission. (Select all that apply.)

- Contact with an intermediate object - Doorknobs, phones, work surfaces, work implements

_____________ is an example of AIRBORNE/RESPIRATORY DROPLET transmission. (Select all that apply.)

- Coughing, sneezing, and talking

Which of the following characteristics refers to the DISINFECTING step of infection control? (Select all that apply.)

- Destroys most bacteria and some viruses - Requires the use of safety glasses and gloves - Second only to sterilization

___________ is an example of DIRECT transmission. (Select all that apply.)

- Shaking hands without washing afterward - Spreads MRSA and warts

Mycobacterium

A large family of bacteria that is often found in soil and water.

Cleaning

A mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs; also removes invisible debris that interferes with disinfection.

Virus

A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms.

Acronym for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome:

AIDS

Contagious Disease

AKA "Communicable Disease"; disease that is spread from one person to another. Example: cold, ringworm, pink eye, nail and toe fungi.

Tinea Barbae

AKA "barber's itch"; superficial fungal infection that commonly affects the skin; it is primarily limited to the bearded areas of the face and neck or around the scalp.

Chelating Soaps

AKA "chelating detergents"; breakdown stubborn films and remove the residue products such as scrubs, salts, and masks.

Multiuse

AKA "reusable"; items that can be cleaned, disinfected and used on more than one person, even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or body fluid.

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

Abbreviated "MRSA"; a type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Abbreviated AIDS; a disease that breaks down the body's immune system; is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Abbreviated HIV; virus that causes HIV disease and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Human Papilloma Virus

Abbreviated HPV; virus that can infect the bottom of the foot and resembles small black dots, usually in clustered groups; also a cutaneous viral infection commonly contracted through sexual transmission and exhibited by genital warts.

Staphylococci are among the most common examples of these that affect humans:

Bacteria

Bacterial Spores

Bacteria capable of producing a protective coating that allows them to withstand very harsh environments, and shed the coating when conditions become more favorable to them.

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Commonly known as "quats"; are products made of quaternary ammonium cations and are designed for disinfection on nonporous surfaces; they are appropriate for use in noncritical (noninvasive) environments and are effective against most pathogens of concern in the salon, spa, or barbershop environment.

Exposure Incident

Contact with non-intact skin, blood, body fluid or other potentially infectious materials that results from performance of an employee's duties.

Diagnosis

Determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or diagnostic tests; federal regulations prohibit salon professionals from performing one of these.

Parasitic Disease

Disease caused by parasites, such as lice and mites.

Infectious Disease

Disease caused by pathogenic (harmful) microorganisms that enter the body. An infectious disease may or may not be spread from one person to another person.

Pathogenic Disease

Disease produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Bloodborne Pathogens

Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV.

Asymptomatic

Showing no symptoms or signs of infection.

Bacteria

Single-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics; some are harmful, some are harmless.

Phenolic Disinfectants

Tuberculocidal disinfectants that are a form of formaldehyde, have a very high pH, and can damage the skin and eyes.

Most often spread through contact with blood or other body fluids.

Viruses

TRUE or FALSE: Always add water to a disinfectant when diluting in order to prevent foaming.

FALSE. Always add DISINFECTANT to WATER when diluting (rather than adding WATER to a DISINFECTANT) to prevent foaming.

TRUE or FALSE: Antiseptics generally contain a high volume of ammonia to slow the growth of microbes.

FALSE. Antiseptics generally contain a high volume of ammonia & are intended to reduce the numbers & slow the growth of microbes on the skin.

TRUE or FALSE: Hand sanitizers should not be overused because they're being banned by the FDA.

FALSE. Due to the drying effect of alcohol, hand sanitizers should NOT be overused.

TRUE or FALSE: Store disinfectant in a low, easily accessed location.

FALSE. Keep disinfectant out of reach of children.

TRUE or FALSE: Using a moisturizing hand lotion after washing interferes with the cleaning process and should be avoided.

FALSE. Repeated hand washing can also dry the skin, so using a moisturizing hand lotion after washing is a good practice.

TRUE or FALSE: The true benefit of hand washing comes from the disinfectant properties of soap.

FALSE. The true benefit of hand washing comes from the friction created by the soap bubbles that work to "pull" pathogens off the skin's surface.

TRUE or FALSE: Bacteria can grow in liquid-soap pump containers.

FALSE. When washing hands, use liquid soap in pump containers. Bacteria can grow in BAR soaps.

Ringworm is one example, afflicting the skin with circular lesions.

Fungi

Spreads from person to person through blood and, less often, through other bodily fluids.

HIV

Acronym for Human Papilloma Virus:

HPV

Acronym for Herpes Simplex Virus:

HSV

Pathogenic

Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body.

Nonpathogenic

Harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm.

Occupational Disease

Illnesses resulting from conditions associated with employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or ingredients.

Pediculosis Capitis

Infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice.

Initially appears as a skin infection that can be difficult to cure and becomes systemic without proper care.

MRSA

Germs

Nonscientific synonym for disease-producing organisms.

Microorganism

Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size.

Standard Precautions

Are guidelines published by the CDC that require the employer and employee to assume that any human blood and body fluids are potentially infectious.

Multiply best in warm, dark, damp, or dirty places.

Bacteria

Resist antiseptics, antimicrobials, and disinfection through a sticky matrix substance.

Biofilms

How is HIV spread?

From person to person through the blood.

Sterilization

The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.

Decontamination

The removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface and the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust, hair, and skin.

Which of the following is NOT true of ventilation and air circulation systems inside of salons and spas?

The vents for these systems can be located anywhere. (The vents for ventilation and air circulation systems inside of salons and spas CANNOT be located anywhere.)

Which of the following is TRUE of most bacteria?

They are nonpathogenic.

If a professional wears jewelry when working, which is a rule that should be followed?

Rings should not and cannot be worn on the index or middle fingers, as they may interfere with service accuracy.

_______________ is more likely to be governed by federal regulatory agencies rather than state regulatory agencies.

Sale of chemicals used on the job

Toxins

Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms (bacteria and viruses).

After informing the client that you have either injured yourself or inadvertently injured them and apologized, what is the next step in an exposure incident?

Wash the injury with soap and rinse under running water.

Which client is NOT considered "high risk"?

elderly clients (Elderly clients may need a hand in and out of chairs or tables, but they're not always considered "high risk" clients.

Fumes from chemical applications and nail care products require proper sophisticated _______________.

filtration systems that cleanse and detoxify the hair

Biofilms are NOT ______________.

highly susceptible to the body's defense mechanisms

When performing a service on a child, you should _____________.

hold the child gently but firmly with one hand, and work with the other (You should NOT trust a child to hold their head or body still while wielding tools.)

It is NOT required that disinfectants used in salons and spas must be _______________.

hypoallergenic

Tuberculosis is transmitted through __________________.

inhalation

Chlorine bleach ________________.

is an effective disinfectant

Container for disinfecting must be _________________.

large enough to contain and cover all items that are to be disinfected

Although your state may not require you to keep a __________ of all equipment usage, cleaning, disinfecting, testing, and maintenance, it may be advisable to keep one.

logbook

According to OSHA, PPE is defined as ___________________.

specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against a hazard

The EPA is most likely to be involved in regulating _______________.

the safe manufacture of chemical products used in the workplace.

Direct Transmission

transmission of pathogens through touching (including shaking hands), kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking.

Prevention of the spread of infections begins and ends with ___________.

you

Indirect Transmission

Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface.

Mildew

A type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects, but does not cause human infections in the salon, spa, or barbershop.

TRUE or FALSE: Keep the SDS on hand for the disinfectants you use.

TRUE.

Porous

Made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings; these items are absorbent.

What's the MAXIMUM temperature that the water heater should be set at so as not to scald?

130 Degrees Fahrenheit (The water heater should not be set at a temperature higher than 130 Degrees Fahrenheit.)

Which of the following is capable of igniting and burning?

A combustible

When should implements be removed from the work area and disinfected after an exposure incident has occurred?

After disposing of all single-use, contaminated objects and disposable sharps.

Standard Precautions are guidelines published by the ________________ requiring employers and employees to assume that any human blood or bodily fluids are potentially infectious

CDC

Bactericidal

Capable of destroying bacteria.

_______________ is mostly used to remove visible dirt.

Cleaning

TRUE or FALSE: Replace the disinfectant solution at least once a week.

FALSE. Replace the disinfectant solution EVERY DAY - more often if the solution becomes soiled or contaminated.

TRUE or FALSE: Mixing chemicals together creates disinfectants with increased efficacy.

FALSE. NEVER mix chemicals together unless specified in the manufacturer's instructions.

TRUE or FALSE: Wear an apron and use tongs when mixing disinfectants.

FALSE. Wear gloves and safety glasses.

TRUE or FALSE: Place disinfectants in an unmarked container, as per the manufacturer's instruction.

FALSE. NEVER place any disinfectant or other product in an unmarked container. ALL container should be labeled with, at the least, the product name, ingredients, date of mixing, and the manufacturer's information.

_________________ are single-use personal protective equipment.

Gloves

Which of the following is TRUE of the indirect transmission of a disease?

It happens through contact with an intermediate object.

Which personal style can present a safety hazard?

Long, loose hair. It may easily get caught in motor vents and other appliances.

Which of the following is NOT true of staphylococci?

Most strains make use very ill. (Most strains of staphylococci do NOT make us very ill.)

Which is true regarding services that can be performed if a client has an open would or abrasion?

No services should or can be performed.

What is meant by the term "asymptomatic"?

No signs or symptoms of infection are shown, despite having an illness or being a viral carrier.

Which of the following is one of the two types of parasites commonly encountered in the salon and spa?

Pediculosis capitis

___________ is NOT caused by a virus.

Strep throat

Which of the following is TRUE when assisting a client into or out of a hydraulic treatment table?

You should always lower the table to its lowest level.

If you get sick as a result to overexposure to chemicals at the workplace, what has happened?

You've contracted an occupational disease.

A disinfectant container should only be used to hold any material used for _____________ purposes.

disinfecting

Pathogens ______________.

all reside in different places and affect humans in different ways

When children accompany parents to the salon or spa, the children should __________.

not be left unattended inside of the salon or spa at any time

Hepatitis

A bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver.

Disinfection

A chemical process for use with nonporous items that uses specific products to destroy harmful organisms including bacteria, viruses, and fungi (except bacterial spores) on implements and environmental surfaces.

Inflammation

A condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection; characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling.

Scabies

A contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin.

Tuberculosis

A disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing or sneezing.

Bleach used in the salon or spa must be EPA-registered as which of the following?

A disinfectant

Pus

A fluid created by infection.

Tinea Capitis

A fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules, or spots, at the opening of the hair follicles.

Ringworm

A fungal infection of the skin that appears in circular lesions.

Sanitation

Also known as sanitizing; a chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level.

Disease

An abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function.

Local Infection

An infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus.

Herpes Simplex Virus

An inflammatory disease of the skin caused by a viral infection and characterized by small vesicles in clusters.

Nonporous

An item that is made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids.

Fungicidal

Capable of destroying molds and fungi.

Virucidal

Capable of destroying viruses.

Infectious

Caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection.

Antiseptics

Chemical germicides formulated for use on skin; registered and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Biofilms

Colonies of microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces, as well as the human body.

Sodium Hypochlorite

Common household bleach; an effective disinfectant for the salon, spa, and barbershop.

Tuberculocidal Disinfectants

Often referred to as "phenolics"; are proven to kill the bacterium that cause tuberculosis, in addition to other pathogens destroyed through the use of hospital disinfectants.

Parasites

Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism (referred to as the host), while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism; they must have a host to survive.

Head lice is an example of these and is responsible for pediculosis capitis, among other diseases:

Parasites

Scabies is a skin condition caused by the itch mite, one example of these:

Parasites

Infection Control

The methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms from one individual to another.

Staphylococci

Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes. They cause abscesses, pustules, and boils.

TRUE or FALSE: If you get disinfectant on your skin, immediately wash the area with liquid soap and warm water.

TRUE.

TRUE or FALSE: Repeated use of antibacterial soap can increase the growth of pathogens.

TRUE.

TRUE or FALSE: Use tongs, gloves, or a draining basket to remove implements from disinfectants.

TRUE.

TRUE or FALSE: Waterless hand sanitizers and antiseptics will NOT work on visibly dirty hands.

TRUE.

TRUE or FALSE: You should wash your hands before and after working with each client.

TRUE.

Efficacy

The ability of a product to produce the intended effect; on a disinfectant label, it indicates specific pathogens destroyed or disabled when used properly

Infection

The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens.

Contamination

The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface, or visible debris or residues such as dust, hair, and skin.

Communicable

able to be communicated; transferable by contact from one person to another, as in a communicable disease.

Systemic Infection

an infection where the pathogen has distributed throughout the body or a system of the body rather than staying in one body area or organ.

If you drop a tool or implement on the floor during a service, you should ____________.

either replace the tool immediately or disinfect the tool prior to continuing the service

Tools and implements are an important part of your work as a beauty and wellness professional. That is why you should NEVER ____________.

put a tool or implement in your pocket

Exits in salons and spas should NOT be __________.

randomly located at the owner's discretion

Fungi

single-celled organisms that grow in irregular masses and include molds, mildews, and yeasts; they can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm.