CP Physics Final Exam Review
A
11) If the frequency of a certain wave is 10 hertz, its period is A) 0.1 second. B) 10 seconds. C) 100 seconds. D) None of the above choices are correct.
D
49) As a train of water waves goes by, a piece of cork floating on the water bobs up and down one complete cycle each second. The waves are 2 meters long. What is the speed of the wave? A) 0.25 m/s B) 0.50 m/s C) 1.0 m/s D) 2 m/s E) 4 m/s
When one light bulb in a series circuit containing several light bulbs burns out __________. A) the other light bulbs burn brighter B) nothing changes in the rest of the circuit C) none of the other bulbs will light up
C
A beam of light emerges from water into air at an angle. The beam is bent __________. a. away from the normal. b. not at all. c. towards the normal.
a
A beam of light travels fastest in __________. a. air. b. water. c. plastic. d. glass. e. Its average speed is the same in each of the above
a
Protons and electrons __________. a. attract each other. b. repel each other. c. do not interact
a
The reason we can read print from any direction is that __________. a. the white part of a page reflects light in all directions. b. letters emit black light in all directions. c. letters absorb black light from all directions. d. all of the above e. none of the above
a
The shadow produced by an object held close to a piece of paper in sunlight will be __________. a. sharp b. fuzzy
a
The shortest plane mirror in which you can see your entire image __________. a. is half your height. b. is twice your height. c. is equal to your height. d. cannot be determined. e. depends on how far the mirror is from you.
a
The sky is blue because air molecules in the sky act as tiny __________. a. resonators that scatter blue light b. sources of white light c. prisms d. mirrors that reflect only blue light
a
The three primary additive colors are __________. a. red, green, blue b. yellow, green, blue c. red, yellow, blue d. red, yellow, green e. yellow, cyan, red
a
The white caps of waves as they overturn are evidence that the water has __________. a. broken into an assortment of tiny particles that scatter all colors. b. reflected red, green, and blue light. c. absorbed black. d. lost its transparency.
a
To be safe in the unlikely case of a lightning strike, it is best to be inside a building framed with __________. a. steel. b. wood. c. either A or B.
a
To charge an object by induction, the process of grounding __________. a. may or may not occur. b. always occurs.
a
Two charged particles held close to each other are released. As they move, the force on each particle increases. Therefore, the particles have __________. a. opposite signs. b. the same sign. c. charges that cannot be determined
a
Two parallel plates are oppositely charged. The left plate is negative and the right plate is positive. In which direction does the electric field point? a. to the left b. to the right
a
What is the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave that has a frequency of 1 Hz? a. more than 1 m b. less than 1 m c. 1 m
a
When Roemer took measurements of one of Jupiter's moons (Io) moving behind Jupiter, he found his predicted time was off. Compared to when Earth was closest to Io, the predicted times when Earth was farthest from Io were __________. a. late. b. early.
a
Some of a wave's energy is always being dissipated as heat. In time, this will reduce the wave's
amplitude.
Where can you touch a standing wave on a rope without disturbing the wave?
at a node.
A penny lies in the bottom of a tea cup filled with water. As you look down on the penny, compared to its actual depth, it looks __________. a. further away. b. closer. c. at the same depth.
b
A positive ion has __________. a. more electrons than protons. b. more protons than electrons. c. a +1 charge always. d. one proton.
b
A volt is a unit of __________. a. charge. b. electric potential. c. energy. d. work. e. current.
b
After randomly polarized light passes through a polarizer, it is __________. a. totally blocked b. totally polarized c. randomly polarized d. partially polarized
b
An echo occurs when sound __________. a. is transmitted through a surface. b. is reflected from a distant surface. c. changes speed when it strikes a distant surface. d. all of the above e. none of the above
b
Colors seen on TV result from color is an example of __________. a. subtraction b. addition c. none of the above
b
Two charged particles held near each other are released. As they move, the acceleration of each decreases. Therefore, the particles have __________. a. opposite signs. b. the same sign. c. charges that can not be determined.
b
Two like charges __________. a. neutralize each other. b. repel each other. c. must be neutrons. d. attract each other. e. have no effect on each other.
b
When a sample of an element is heated until it glows, the color it gives off is __________. a. a continuous band of color b. a composite of many frequencies of light c. a single frequency light
b
When we say an appliance uses up electricity, we really are saying that __________. a. electrons are taken out of the circuit and put somewhere else. b. electron kinetic energy is changed into heat and other forms of energy. c. the main power supply voltage is lowered. d. current disappears. e. electric charges are dissipated.
b
Stars twinkle when seen from Earth at night. When seen from the moon, stars __________. a. twinkle less. b. twinkle more. c. don't twinkle
c
The SI unit of charge is the __________. a. ohm. b. joule. c. coulomb. d. ampere. e. newton.
c
The average speed of light is greatest in __________. a. orange glass. b. blue glass. c. red glass. d. green glass. e. It is the same in all of the above
c
The complementary color of green is __________. a. green b. red c. magenta d. cyan e. yellow
c
The electric field inside an uncharged metal ball is zero. If the ball gains a negative charge, the electric field inside the ball will be __________. a. greater than zero. b. less than zero. c. zero.
c
The electric field lines between two charges curve in space. The direction at a particular point on a curved line is the direction of the __________. a. strongest field. b. average straight line joining the charges. c. resultant vector of the fields of the two charges at that point. d. none of the above
c
A Van de Graaff generator is a machine that __________. a. generates light. b. works like a motor. c. generates AC electricity. d. builds up high voltages. e. none of the above
d
A mirage can occur __________. a. when cooler air is above hotter air. b. when there's a layer of hot air close to the ground. c. on a hot day. d. all of the above e. none of the above
d
A photograph of a yellow sweater shows as what color on the negative? a. green b. orange c. red d. blue e. yellow
d
A rubbed balloon will stick to a wooden wall, which demonstrates charge __________. a. transfer. b. potential. c. conservation. d. polarization.
d
A woman experiences an electric shock. The electrons making the shock come from __________. a. the ground. b. the electric field in the air. c. a nearby power supply. d. the woman's body. e. the object causing the shock.
d
Charge carriers in a metal are electrons rather than protons, because electrons are __________. a. relatively far from a nucleus. b. loosely bound. c. lighter. d. all of the above e. none of the above
d
Clouds are white because water molecules __________. a. are white b. absorb white light c. reflect white light d. of different sizes form clusters, scattering different colors of light
d
Electrical resistance in a wire depends on the wire's __________. a. thickness. b. conductivity. c. length. d. all of the above e. none of the above
d
In a good insulator, electrons are usually __________. a. not moving at all. b. free to move around after an impurity has been added. c. free to move around. d. tightly bound in place. e. semi-free to move around.
d
Magenta light is a mixture of __________. a. red and yellow light b. red and cyan light c. yellow and green light d. red and blue light e. none of the above
d
Much electronic equipment contains transistors and diodes that are made from semiconductors. Semiconductors __________. a. can be very good insulators. b. can conduct electricity. c. contain helpful impurities. d. all of the above e. none of the above
d
Objects can be charged by __________. a. induction. b. friction. c. touching. d. all of the above e. none of the above
d
Particle A has twice as much charge as particle B. Compared to the force on particle A, the force on particle B is __________. a. half as much. b. two times as much. c. four times as much. d. the same. e. none of the above
d
Red light plus green light equals __________ light. a. blue b. red c. green d. yellow
d
Solar eclipses are seen less commonly than lunar eclipses because __________. a. the sun is so much larger than the moon. b. the sun is farther from Earth than is the moon. c. solar eclipses don't happen as often as lunar eclipses. d. Earth's shadow on the moon is larger than the moon's shadow on Earth. e. none of the above
d
Sunlight contains all colors of light, but much of it is __________. a. orange b. blue c. violet d. yellow e. red
d
Sunsets are red because __________. a. the longest path of sunlight through the atmosphere is at sunset or sunrise. b. a lot of high frequency light is scattered by the atmosphere. c. blue light from the sun is scattered by Earth's atmosphere. d. all of the above e. none of the above
d
The colors of light emitted by incandescent gases show the __________. a. absorbng qualities of gas b. polarization of atoms in the gas c. relative masses of atoms in the gas d. identities of atoms in the gas
d
The reason the sky is blue is that air molecules __________. a. are blue b. reflect blue light c. absorb yellow light d. absorb and then reemit blue light, scattering it in all directions e. absorb green light
d
When red and blue light shine on a white sheet, the resulting color is __________. a. yellow b. blue c. cyan d. green e. magenta
e
If you double the frequency of a vibrating object, its period
halves.
True/False. -- Total internal reflection occurs when a light ray hits a surface at an angle greater than the critical angle.
true
True/False. -- When a charge is placed in a region of space where there is an electric field, the charge will experience a force.
true
A
1) A wiggle in time is a A) vibration. B) wave. C) both D) neither
E
10) The frequency of a simple pendulum depends on A) its mass. B) its length. C) the acceleration due to gravity. D) all of these E) two of these
B
12) A 60-vibration-per-second wave travels 30 meters in 1 second. Its frequency is A) 30 hertz and it travels at 60 m/s. B) 60 hertz and it travels at 30 m/s. C) 1800 hertz and it travels at 2 m/s.
A
13) An object that completes 10 vibrations in 20 seconds has a frequency of A) 0.5 hertz. B) 2 hertz. C) 200 hertz.
C
14) An object that completes 20 vibrations in 10 seconds has a frequency of A) 0.5 hertz. B) 1 hertz. C) 2 hertz. D) 200 hertz.
D
15) An object that completes 100 vibrations in 5 seconds has a period of A) 0.5 second. B) 1 second. C) 2 seconds. D) None of the above choices are correct.
A
16) A weight suspended from a spring bobs up and down over a distance of 1 meter in two seconds. Its frequency is A) 0.5 hertz. B) 1 hertz. C) 2 hertz. D) None of the above choices are correct.
D
17) To say that one wave is out of phase with another is to say that the waves are A) of different amplitudes. B) of different frequencies. C) of different wavelengths. D) out of step. E) all of these
D
18) Wave interference occurs for A) sound waves. B) light waves. C) water waves. D) All of the above choices are correct. E) None of the above choices are correct.
B
19) A standing wave occurs when A) two waves overlap. B) a wave reflects upon itself. C) the speed of the wave is zero or near zero. D) the amplitude of a wave exceeds its wavelength.
C
2) A common source of wave motion is a A) wave pattern. B) harmonic object. C) vibrating object. D) region of variable high and low pressure. E) none of these
A
20) A node is a position of A) minimum amplitude. B) maximum amplitude. C) half amplitude.
D
21) The Doppler effect is characteristic of A) water waves. B) sound waves. C) light waves. D) all of the above choices E) none of the above choices
C
22) A Doppler effect occurs when a source of sound moves A) towards you. B) away from you. C) either towards you or away from you. D) in a circle around you.
B
23) A wave barrier is produced when a wave source moves A) nearly as fast as the waves it produces. B) as fast as the waves it produces. C) faster than the waves it produces.
C
24) A bow wave is produced when a wave source moves A) nearly as fast as the waves it produces. B) as fast as the waves it produces. C) faster than the waves it produces.
C
25) An observer on the ground hears a sonic boom which is created by an airplane flying at a speed A) just below the speed of sound. B) equal to the speed of sound. C) greater than the speed of sound. D) All of the above choices are true. E) None of the above choices are true.
B
26) An aircraft that flies faster than the speed of sound is said to be A) subsonic. B) supersonic. C) impossible.
B
27) As a supersonic craft increases in speed, the angle of its V-shaped shock wave becomes A) wider. B) narrower. C) neither
B
28) The source of a sonic boom A) must itself be an emitter of sound. B) may or may not be an emitter of sound. C) is not itself an emitter of sound.
C
29) A fishing-boat captain returns to port saying, "It's rough out there - the waves are 4 meters high." He probably means that the amplitude of the waves is A) 4 m. B) 3 m. C) 2 m. D) 1 m.
A
3) Like a transverse wave, a longitudinal wave has A) amplitude, frequency, wavelength, and speed B) amplitude, frequency, and wavelength. C) amplitude, wavelength, and speed. D) wavelength, speed, and frequency. E) amplitude, frequency, and speed.
C
30) The pendulum with the greatest frequency is the pendulum with the A) shortest period. B) shortest length. C) shortest period and the shortest length. D) shortest amplitude. E) greatest amplitude.
D
31) If waves are going by at the same speed, the wave with the greatest period of oscillation is the wave that has the greatest A) amplitude. B) length. C) frequency. D) None of the above choices are true.
B
32) If the waves are going by at the same frequency, the wave that has the greatest speed will have the greatest A) amplitude. B) length. C) frequency. D) None of the above choices are true.
C
33) A floating leaf oscillates up and down two complete cycles each second as a water wave passes by. What is the wave's frequency? A) 0.5 hertz B) 1 hertz C) 2 hertz D) 3 hertz E) 6 hertz
C
34) A floating leaf oscillates up and down two complete cycles in one second as a water wave passes by. The wave's wavelength is 10 meters. What is the wave's speed? A) 2 m/s B) 10 m/s C) 20 m/s D) 40 m/s E) more than 40 m/s
D
35) A wave travels an average distance of 6 meters in one second. What is the wave's velocity? A) less than 0.2 m/s B) 1 m/s C) 3 m/s D) 6 m/s E) more than 6 m/s
D
36) A wave travels an average distance of 1 meter in 1 second with a frequency of 1 hertz. Its amplitude is A) less than 1 meter. B) 1 meter. C) more than 1 meter. D) not enough information to say
B
37) The frequency of the second hand on a clock is A) 1 hertz. B) 1/60 hertz. C) 60 hertz.
C
38) The period of the second hand on a clock is A) 1 second. B) 1/60 second. C) 60 seconds. D) 3600 seconds. E) 12 hours.
A
39) A Doppler effect occurs when a source of sound moves A) toward you. B) at right angles to you. C) both of these D) none of these
A
4) In a longitudinal wave the compressions and rarefactions travel in A) the same direction. B) opposite directions. C) a vacuum.
C
41) Some of a wave's energy dissipates as heat. In time, this will reduce the wave's A) speed. B) wavelength. C) amplitude. D) frequency. E) period.
C
42) The amplitude of a particular wave is 1 meter. The top-to-bottom distance of the disturbance is A) 0.5 m. B) 1 m. C) 2 m. D) none of these
B
43) When a pendulum clock at sea level is taken to the top of a high mountain, it will A) gain time. B) lose time. C) neither gain nor lose time.
B
44) If you double the frequency of a vibrating object, its period A) doubles. B) halves. C) is quartered.
A
45) You dip your finger repeatedly into water and make waves. If you dip your finger more frequently, the wavelength of the waves A) shortens. B) lengthens. C) stays the same.
B
46) During a single period, the distance traveled by a wave is A) one-half wavelength. B) one wavelength. C) two wavelengths.
C
47) A floating object oscillates up and down 2 complete cycles in 1 second as a water wave of wavelength 5 meters passes by. The speed of the wave is A) 2 m/s. B) 5 m/s. C) 10 m/s. D) 15 m/s. E) none of these
D
48) A wave oscillates up and down two complete cycles each second. If the wave travels an average distance of 6 meters in one second, its wavelength is A) 0.5 m. B) 1 m. C) 2 m. D) 3 m. E) 6 m.
A
5) Which of the following is not a transverse wave? A) sound B) light C) radio D) all of these E) none of these
Two waves arrive at the same place at the same time exactly in step with each other. Each wave has an amplitude of 2.5 m. The resulting wave (constructive interference) has an amplitude of
5.0m
A
50) A skipper on a boat notices wave crests passing the anchor chain every 5 seconds. The skipper estimates the distance between crests is 15 m. What is the speed of the water waves? A) 3 m/s B) 5 m/s C) 15 m/s D) not enough information given
B
51) A child swings to and fro on a playground swing. If the child stands rather than sits, the time for a to-and-fro swing is A) lengthened. B) shortened. C) unchanged.
B
53) A pendulum clock at high altitudes runs A) fast. B) slow. C) normally as it does at sea level.
A
54) The stride of a horse depends somewhat on the pendulum-like swing of its legs. This stride would be higher in frequency if more of the mass in its legs were concentrated A) in the upper part, nearer the horse's body. B) towards its feet. C) halfway up its legs. D) uniformly all along its legs. E) none of these
D
55) A jet traveling at 1500 km/hr passes between observers A and B. In a short time a sonic boom will be heard by A) observer A , observer B, and the pilot of the jet. B) observer A only. C) observer B only. D) observers A and B, but not the pilot.
A
56) The sonic boom at ground level produced by an aircraft will be reduced if the aircraft A) is smaller, flies higher, and is more streamlined. B) flies higher. C) is more streamlined. D) is smaller. E) None of the above choices are true.
E
58) As a source of continuous sound approaches a constant speed, you will be aware of an apparent increasing of its A) loudness, frequency, and wavelength. B) loudness and wavelength. C) loudness and frequency. D) frequency and wavelength. E) None of the above choices are correct.
B
59) If at a concert, a wind blows directly from the orchestra toward you, the speed of the sound you hear will be A) decreased. B) increased. C) neither decreased nor increased.
B
6) The vibrations of a transverse wave move in a direction A) along the direction of wave travel. B) at right angles to the direction of wave travel. C) that changes with speed.
C
60) At a concert the oboe is playing a long steady note as you walk away from the stage at an accelerating velocity toward the rest room. The pitch of the sound that you hear, is A) steady but higher than normal B) steady but lower than normal. C) continually decreasing. D) continually increasing. E) None of the above choices are correct.
B
61) If at a concert you run toward the orchestra, the frequency of the sound you hear will be A) decreased. B) increased. C) neither decreased nor increased.
C
62) Two wave crests are generated at opposite ends of a long rope. Will there be an instant in which the rope's amplitude is zero everywhere? A) Yes, if the waves have the same amplitude B) Yes, if the waves have different amplitudes. C) No.
A
7) The vibrations of a longitudinal wave move in a direction A) along the direction of wave travel. B) at right angles to the direction of wave travel. C) that changes with speed.
B
8) How many vibrations per second are associated with a 101-MHz radio wave? A) less than 101,000,000 B) 101,000,000 C) more than 101,000,000
B
9) Radio waves travel at the speed of light, 300,000 km/s. The wavelength of a radio wave received at 100 megahertz is A) 0.3 m. B) 3.0 m. C) 30 m. D) 300 m. E) none of these
When resistors are put in series next to each other, their overall resistance is __________. A) larger than that of any individual resistor B) the same as the resistance of one of the resistors C) smaller than the resistance of any of the resistors
A
When two light bulbs are connected in series the __________. A) same amount of current always flows through each light bulb B) current through each light bulb is proportional to its resistance C) neither of these
A
An ampere is a __________. A) unit of resistance. B) unit of current. C) type of charge. D) voltage. E) current.
B
Compared to thin wires, electrical resistance in thick wires is __________. A) greater B) less C) the same
B
For most conductors, as their temperature increases, their resistance __________ A) decreases. B) increases. C) stays the same.
B
The total resistance of a 3-ohm resistor and a 6-ohm resistor in series is __________. A) 18 ohms B) 9 ohms C) 6 ohms D) 3 ohms
B
When one light bulb in a parallel circuit containing several light bulbs burns out __________. A) the other light bulbs burn brighter B) nothing changes in the rest of the circuit C) none of the other bulbs will light up
B
The primary reason a bird can perch harmlessly on bare high voltage wires is that __________. A) a bird's feet are close together. B) a bird has a very large electrical resistance. C) there is no potential difference across the bird's feet. D) all of the above
C
When resistors are put in parallel with each other their overall resistance is __________. A) larger than that of any other resistor B) the same as the resistance of one of the resistors C) smaller than the resistance of any of the resistors
C
The total resistance of three 3 ohm resistors in series is __________. A) 1 ohm B) 3 ohms C) 6 ohms D) 9 ohms E) depends on the voltage across the circuit
D
Which of the following is not a transverse wave: a. light b. radio wave c. sound d. all of the above. e. none of the above.
Sound
A wave created by shaking a rope up and down is called a
Transverse wave.
True or false: A standing wave is not actually a true wave, but a pattern created by the interference of two waves - a source wave and a reflected wave, that create areas of maximum disturbance and no disturbance (or nodes).
True.
True or false: The speed of a wave is dependent on the medium in which it travels through.
True.
A negatively charged rod is brought near a metal can that rests on a wood table. You touch the opposite side of the can momentarily with your finger. The can is then __________. a. positively charged. b. negatively charged. c. charged the same as it was. d. uncharged.
a
A penny lies in the bottom of a tea cup filled with water. As you look down on the penny, compared to its actual depth, it looks __________. a. closer. b. farther away. c. at the same depth
a
A person standing waist-deep in a swimming pool appears to have short legs because of light __________. a. refraction. b. interference. c. diffraction. d. reflection. e. absorption.
a
A positive charge and a negative charge held near each other are released. As they move, the force on each particle __________. a. increases. b. stays the same. c. decreases.
a
A sheet of red paper will look black when illuminated with __________. a. cyan light b. yellow light c. red light d. magenta light e. none of the above
a
Colors seen on a photograph result from color is an example of __________. a. subtraction b. addition c. none of the above
a
Compared to its speed in air, the speed of light in water is __________. a. slower b. the same c. faster
a
Compared to thin wires, electrical resistance in thick wires is __________. a. less. b. the same. c. greater.
a
Different colors of light travel at different speeds in a transparent medium. In a vacuum, different colors of light travel at __________. a. the same speed. b. different speeds.
a
Electromagnetic waves with higher frequencies have wavelengths that are __________. a. shorter b. longer
a
If an electron vibrates up and down 1000 times each second, it generates an electromagnetic wave having a __________. a. frequency of 1000 Hz. b. speed of 1000 m/s. c. period of 1000 s. d. wavelength of 1000 m.
a
If two polarizing filters are held with their polarization axes at right angles to each other, the amount of light transmitted compared to when their axes are parallel is __________. a. zero. b. half as much. c. the same. d. twice as much.
a
In a double rainbow, the outermost color in the outermost bow is __________. a. blue. b. green. c. red. d. any of these at different times
a
Nearsightedness occurs when images form __________ the retina. Nearsightedness can be corrected with a __________ lens. a. in front of; concave b. in front of; convex c. behind; concave d. behind; convex
a
Ninety percent of light incident on a certain piece of glass passes through it. How much light passes through two pieces of this glass? a. 81% b. 85% c. 89% d. 90% e. 80%
a
Refraction is caused by __________. a. different wave speeds. b. more than one reflection. c. displaced images. d. bending.
a
Refraction occurs __________. a. when a wave changes speed. b. only at a wave front. c. at any unpredictable time. d. only with light waves. e. all of the above
a
Suppose a hollow metal sphere has a large number of extra electrons on it. The extra electrons will be located __________. a. only on the outside surface of the sphere. b. only on the inside surface of the sphere. c. both on the inside and outside surfaces of the sphere.
a
The complementary color of blue is __________. a. yellow b. cyan c. violet d. green
a
The critical angle for a light from the bottom of a swimming pool shining upward toward the pool's surface is the angle __________. a. where light is refracted so it just skims the pool surface. b. at which all light is refracted out of the pool. c. at which some light is reflected from the surface.
a
The direction of electric field lines shows the __________. a. direction of the force on a test positive charge. b. size of the field. c. strength of the field. d. all of the above
a
The explanation for a filled root beer mug looking fuller than it is involves __________. a. refraction. b. reflection. c. both d. neither
a
The fundamental force underlying all chemical reactions is __________. a. electrical. b. gravitational. c. centripetal. d. nuclear. e. none of the above
a
The law of reflection says that __________. a. the angle of reflection from a mirror equals the angle of incidence. b. waves incident on a mirror are partially reflected. c. all waves incident on a mirror are reflected. d. the angle a ray is reflected from a mirror is random
a
The main difference between a radio wave and a sound wave is its __________. a. basic nature b. amplitude c. energy d. frequency e. wavelength
a
The reason a charged balloon will stick to a wall is that __________. a. induced opposite charges in the wall are closer than other wall charges. b. the rubber of the balloon simply sticks to walls. c. electrons transfer back and forth between the wall and the balloon. d. the charge is slightly sticky and acts like glue. e. none of the above
a
When a charged cloud passes overhead, the ground below is charged by __________. a. induction. b. polarization. c. deduction. d. electrification.
a
When light passes at an angle to the normal from one material into another material in which its speed is lower, __________. a. it is bent toward the normal to the surface. b. it always lies along the normal to the surface. c. it is unaffected. d. it is bent away from the normal to the surface.
a
When seen from an airplane, a rainbow sometimes forms a complete circle. When this happens, the plane's shadow is __________. a. in the center of the rainbow. b. totally outside the rainbow. c. in the upper part of the rainbow. d. Nowhere. There is no shadow. e. in the lower part of the rainbow
a
Which of the following is NOT an electromagnetic wave? a. Sound b. Radio c. Light d. Infrared e. X-ray
a
A beam of electrons accelerates from the back of your TV set to the screen. In order to make the beam hit the top of the screen, charged parallel plates create a vertical electric field. How will the top plate be charged? a. negatively b. positively
b
A difference between electrical forces and gravitational forces is that electrical forces include __________. a. infinite range. b. repulsive interactions. c. the inverse square law. d. separation distance. e. none of the above
b
Because of absorption, a polarizing filter will actually transmit 40% of incident nonpolarized light. Two polarizing filters with their axes aligned will transmit __________. a. 0%. b. between 0% and 40%. c. 40%. d. between 40% and 100%. e. 100%.
b
Diffuse reflection occurs when the size of surface irregularities is __________. a. larger than 1 m in diameter. b. large compared to the wavelength of the light used. c. small compared to the wavelength of the light used. d. larger than 1 cm in diameter. e. none of the above
b
Diffuse reflection occurs when the size of surface irregularities is __________. a. larger than 1 m in diameter. b. large compared to the wavelength of the light used. c. small compared to the wavelength of the light used. d. larger than 1 cm in diameter. e. none of the above
b
Electric field lines between two oppositely charged parallel metal plates will be __________. a. straight lines, randomly spaced. b. straight lines, evenly spaced. c. curved lines grouped together in small bunches. d. curved lines, evenly spaced. e. curved lines, randomly spaced.
b
Electric potential is defined as __________. a. electrical potential energy of a charge multiplied by the quantity of the charge. b. electrical potential energy of a charge divided by the quantity of the charge. c. electrical potential energy. d. gravitational potential. e. voltage.
b
Electrical forces between charges are strongest when the charges are __________. a. far apart. b. close together. c. The electrical force is constant everywhere.
b
Electrical polarization occurs when __________. a. an electron is at a different location than a proton. b. charge distribution in a neutral molecule separates. c. the electron and the proton are on different sides of an atom. d. an atom vibrates in a single direction. e. none of the above
b
Electrical potential energy is the energy a charged object has because of its __________. a. momentum. b. location. c. mass. d. motion. e. volume.
b
Electromagnetic waves __________. a. need a medium to travel through. b. can travel through a vacuum.
b
Electromagnetic waves are __________. a. longitudinal b. transverse
b
For most conductors, as their temperature increases, their resistance __________. a. decreases. b. increases. c. stays the same.
b
Heat lamps give off mostly __________. a. X-rays. b. infrared waves. c. ultraviolet waves. d. microwaves. e. radio waves.
b
How far is a light-second? a. 5000 km b. 300,000 km c. 9,000,000 km d. 18,000,000 km e. 95,000,000,000 km
b
If the sun were to disappear right now, we wouldn't know about it for 8 minutes because it takes 8 minutes __________. a. to operate receiving equipment in the dark. b. for light to travel from the sun to Earth. c. for the sun to disappear. d. all of the above e. none of the above
b
If two negative charges are held close together and then released, the charges will __________. a. accelerate toward each other. b. accelerate away from each other. c. not move. d. move at a constant speed away from each other.
b
If you walk into a region of space and suddenly feel a force, the space is said to contain a __________. a. charged object. b. force field. c. large charge. d. black hole. e. heavy object.
b
In a curved optical fiber, light __________. a. bends and follows the curve of the fiber. b. internally reflects in a succession of straight-line paths. c. scatters in random directions from the fiber's inner surface. d. gains energy in each internal reflection.
b
In a curved optical fiber, light __________. a. gains energy in each internal reflection. b. internally reflects in a succession of straight-line paths. c. bends and follows the curve of the fiber. d. scatters in random directions from the fiber's inner surface.
b
It is difficult to see the roadway from a car on a rainy night because the road surface __________. a. is obscured by the rain itself. b. that is normally a diffuse reflector when dry becomes a mirror surface when wet. c. absorbs the light more when wet. d. scatters light in all directions.
b
It is difficult to see the roadway from a car on a rainy night because the road surface __________. a. is obscured by the rain itself. b. that is normally a diffuse reflector when dry becomes a mirror surface when wet. c. absorbs the light more when wet. d. scatters light in all directions.
b
Light does not pass through what kind of materials? a. transparent b. opaque c. niether
b
Light reflected from a lake surface is polarized __________. a. randomly b. horizontally c. vertically
b
Light shines on a pane of green glass and a pane of clear glass. The temperature will be higher in __________. a. the clear glass b. the green glass c. it will be the same
b
Light that reflects at glancing angles from nonmetallic surfaces, such as glass, water, or roads is __________. a. polarized perpendicular to the surface b. polarized parallel to the surface c. randomly polarized
b
Spectral lines in a line spectrum take the shape of lines because __________. a. the atoms vibrate along parallel lines b. the slit of the spectroscope is itself a line opening
b
Suppose a hollow metal sphere has a large negative charge on it. The electric field strength inside the sphere is __________. a. large and positive. b. zero. c. weak and negative. d. weak and positive. e. large and negative.
b
Suppose you touch a negatively charged object to a metal sphere so that electrons move from the charged object onto the sphere. After the charged object is moved far away, electrons on the sphere will be __________. a. distributed in small bunches over the sphere's surface. b. distributed evenly over the sphere's surface. c. pulled off the sphere along with the charged object. d. located at the place where the charged object was. e. all of the above
b
The charge distribution in some molecules is permanently separated into positive and negative regions. Such molecules are called __________. a. ionized molecules. b. electric dipoles. c. coulomb molecules. d. induced molecules. e. insulators.
b
The charge of an electron is __________. a. positive. b. negative. c. Electrons have no charge.
b
The color of an opaque object is determined by the light that is __________. a. absorbed b. reflected c. transmitted d. all of the above
b
The colored dots that make up the color on a TV screen are __________. a. red, blue, yellow b. red, blue green c. magenta, cyan, yellow
b
The common hydrogen atom consists of __________. a. one electron. b. one proton and one electron. c. one proton. d. two protons, one neutron, and two electrons. e. one neutron and one electron.
b
The effect that we call a mirage has most to do with __________. a. reflection. b. refraction. c. diffraction. d. interference. e. scattering.
b
The main difference between a radio wave and a light wave is its __________. a. speed b. wavelength c. both a and b
b
The net charge of a nonionized atom __________. a. depends only on the number of electrons it has. b. is zero. c. usually cannot be determined. d. depends only on the number of protons it has.
b
The spectrum produced by a prism or a raindrop is evidence that the average speed of light in the material depends on the light's __________. a. transmission qualities. b. color. c. wave nature. d. particle nature.
b
When you throw a ball at the floor at an angle of 37º to the normal, you observe that its movement follows the law of reflection. This means that the ball bounces away at an angle of _______ to the normal. a. 0º b. 37º c. 53º d. 90º
b
A rainbow nicely illustrates an example of light __________. a. internal reflection. b. refraction. c. both A and B d. neither A nor B
c
A secondary rainbow is dimmer than a primary rainbow because __________. a. only large drops produce secondary rainbows. b. sunlight reaching it is less intense. c. there is an extra reflection inside the water drops. d. it is a reflection of the primary rainbow. e. none of the above
c
A small, positively charged object near a positively charged sphere is moved closer to the sphere. The electrical potential energy of the small object __________. a. stays the same. b. decreases. c. increases.
c
A woman's hair stands out when she is in contact with a charged Van de Graaff generator. The reason her hair stands out is because __________. a. hair strands are at a high voltage. b. she is in a strong electric field. c. like charges repel. d. hair is a good conductor.
c
An electric field has __________. a. direction. b. magnitude. c. Both A and B
c
An electroscope is charged positively, as shown by foil leaves that stand apart. As a negatively charged rod is brought close to the electroscope, the leaves __________. a. spread farther apart. b. do not move. c. move closer together.
c
An ideal polarizing filter will transmit 50% of nonpolarized light incident on it. How much light is transmitted by two ideal polarizing filters that are oriented with their axes parallel to each other? a. 0% b. Between 0% and 50% c. 50% d. Between 50% and 100% e. 100%
c
Bring a charged object near a conductor and then momentarily touch the conductor. This demonstrates charge by __________. a. deduction. b. polarization. c. induction. d. electrification
c
Clouds __________. a. neither block nor transmit UV light. b. block UV light. c. transmit UV light
c
Compared to the filament thickness on a 60-W light bulb, the filament thickness of a 100-W light bulb will be __________. a. less. b. the same. c. greater.
c
Compared to the velocity of radio waves, the velocity of visible light waves is __________. a. slower b. faster c. the same
c
Compared to the wavelenth of ultraviolet waves, the wavelength of infrared waves is __________. a. the same b. shorter c. longer
c
Coulomb's law says that the force between any two charges depends __________. a. directly on the size of the charges. b. inversely on the square of the distance between the charges. c. both A and B d. none of the above
c
Earth receives a lot of ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Luckily most of it doesn't reach the ground, because its __________. a. scattered by the upper atmosphere b. absorbed by the large amount of air in the atmosphere c. absorbed by a protective layer of ozone gas in the upper atmosphere
c
Electrical potential energy per charge is electric __________. a. force. b. power. c. potential. d. work.
c
Every proton in the universe is surrounded by its own __________. a. gravitational field. b. electric field. c. both A and B d. none of the above
c
Glass is transparent to visible light, but not to __________. a. ultraviolet b. infrared c. both a and b
c
How many different kinds of force would act on a proton placed in both an electric field and a gravitational field? a. one. b. none. c. two.
c
If sunlight were green instead of white, the most comfortable color to wear on a hot day would be __________. a. yellow b. blue c. green d. magenta e. none of the above
c
If you comb your hair and the comb becomes positively charged, your hair becomes __________. a. uncharged. b. positively charged. c. negatively charged.
c
If you walk towards a mirror at a certain speed, your relative speed with respect to your image is __________. a. the same as your actual speed. b. half your actual speed. c. twice your actual speed. d. none of the above
c
In a double rainbow, the outermost color in the outermost bow is __________. a. red. b. green. c. blue. d. any of these at different times.
c
In order for there to be a flow of charge from one place to another, there must be a __________. a. conductor, such as a wire, connecting the two places. b. potential difference between the two places. c. Both A and B above
c
Lightning bolts occur between __________. a. clouds and the ground. b. clouds. c. both A and B.
c
The electric field outside a Van de Graaff generator may be enormous, while inside the spherical dome, the electric field is __________. a. even more enormous. b. almost as enormous. c. zero.
c
The primary purpose of polarized sunglasses is __________. a. to block ultraviolet rays. b. to block infrared rays. c. to block glare from reflections. d. to look cool.
c
The primary reason a bird can perch harmlessly on bare high voltage wires is that __________. a. a bird's feet are close together. b. a bird has a very large electrical resistance. c. there is no potential difference across the bird's feet. d. all of the above
c
The spectrum produced by a prism or raindrop is evidence that the average speed of light in a material depends on the light's __________. a. particle nature. b. wave nature. c. color. d. transmission qualities.c
c
Two charged particles held close to each other are released. As the particles move, the velocity of each increases. Therefore, the particles have __________. a. the same sign. b. opposite signs. c. charges that cannot be determined.
c
Unlike a convex lens, a concave lens causes all rays to __________. a. refract. b. reflect. c. diverge. d. converge.
c
What is the frequency of an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength of 300,000 km? a. More than 1 Hz b. Less than 1 Hz c. 1 Hz
c
When a light beam emerges from water into air, the average light speed __________. a. remains the same. b. decreases. c. increases.
c
When an electron is brought near a negatively charged sphere, its potential energy increases. The reason this happens is that __________. a. two like charges go from a position far apart to a position close together. b. negative charges repel each other. c. work was done to bring the charges together. d. none of the above
c
When you look at yourself in a pocket mirror and then hold the mirror farther away, you see __________. a. less of yourself. b. more of yourself. c. the same amount of yourself.
c
Which of the following are fundamentally different from the others? a. Gamma rays b. Radio waves c. Sound waves d. Light waves e. X-rays
c
The shiny surfaces of metals have most to do with __________. a. metals' relatively high density. b. a resonant frequency of electrons in the metal. c. the fact that light reflects from metals. d. the free electrons in metal atoms.
d
The source of all electromagnetic waves is __________. a. magnetic fields. b. heat. c. electric fields. d. vibrating charges. e. none of the above
d
To say that electric charge is conserved means that no case has ever been found where __________. a. the total amount of charge on an object has increased. b. one object has more charge than another object. c. the total charge on an object has changed. d. net charge has been created or destroyed. e. none of the above
d
Two charges are separated by a certain distance. If the magnitude of each charge is doubled, the force on each charge is __________. a. halved. b. doubled. c. tripled. d. quadrupled.
d
What is the ultimate source of electromagnetic waves? a. Vibrating atoms. b. vibrating molecules. c. Radio sets. d. Vibrating charged particles. e. TV antennas.
d
When a virtual image is created in a plane mirror, __________. a. the image is upright. b. the image is located behind the mirror. c. reflected rays diverge. d. all of the above e. none of the above
d
When the distance between two charges is halved, the electrical force between the charges __________. a. doubles. b. reduces to one fourth. c. halves. d. quadruples. e. none of the above
d
When you see a "wet spot" mirage on the road in front of you, you are most likely seeing __________. a. water. b. hot air. c. a figment of your imagination. d. sky. e. none of the above
d
Where do the electrons come from that produce heat and light in a light bulb? a. the power company b. the air c. the wall plug d. the bulb's wire filament e. none of the above
d
Which of the following is a consequence of the refraction of light? a. rainbows b. mirages c. internal reflection d. all of the above e. none of the above
d
Which of these electromagnetic waves has the shortest wavelength? a. infrared b. light c. radio d. x ray e. ultraviolet
d
You can hear noises a long distance away over water at night because __________. a. of lowered temperature. b. water conducts sound better at night. c. sound is reflected off water more efficiently at night. d. of refraction of sound in air.
d
You can hear noises a long distance away over water at night because __________. a. of lowered temperature. b. water conducts sound better at night. c. sound is reflected off water more efficiently at night. d. of refraction of sound in air.
d
As the sound of a car's horn passes and recedes from you, the pitch of the horn seems to
decrease
A conductor differs from an insulator in that a conductor has __________. a. more protons than electrons. b. faster-moving molecules. c. more electrons than protons. d. more electrons than an insulator. e. none of the above
e
An example of a voltage source is __________. a. a dry cell. b. a generator. c. a car battery. d. rubbing a rubber rod with fur. e. all of the above
e
Atomic nuclei of almost all elements consist of __________. a. only neutrons. b. protons and electrons. c. neutrons and electrons. d. only protons. e. protons and neutrons.
e
Conservation of charge means that __________. a. the total amount of charge in the universe is constant. b. no experimenter has ever seen a single charge destroyed by itself. c. electrons by themselves can be neither created nor destroyed. d. charge can be neither created nor destroyed. e. all of the above
e
Electrical resistance is measured in __________. a. volts. b. joules. c. watts. d. amperes. e. none of the above
e
The electric field around an isolated electron has a certain strength 1 cm from the electron. The electric field strength 2 cm from the electron is __________. a. half as much. b. the same. c. twice as much. d. four times as much. e. none of the above
e
The three paint colors that are useful for color subtraction are __________. a. magenta, cyan,red b. red, blue, yellow c. magenta, green, yellow d. red, green, blue e. magenta, cyan, yellow
e
While you are standing on the ground in your running shoes, the greatest resistance between you and the ground is in __________. a. your muscles. b. your legs. c. the clothes you are wearing. d. your skin. e. the running shoes.
e
True or false: -- A thin beam of light is called an x-ray.
false
True or false: -- Electromagnetic heat waves are called ultraviolet waves.
false
True or false: -- Glass transmits ultraviolet and visible light waves but not infrared waves.
false
True or false: -- Infrared waves are responsible for sunburn.
false
True/False. -- A material is a good insulator if outer electrons of atoms in the material are free to roam around.
false
True/False. -- An atom that is electrically polarized vibrates in only one direction.
false
True/False. -- Charge flows from low potential to high potential.
false
True/False. -- Coulomb's law says that there are two kinds of charges, positive and negative.
false
True/False. -- Electrical forces are strong, but in comparison, gravitational forces are stronger.
false
True/False. -- The direction of lines of force shows how large a force will be on a charge placed in an electric field.
false
True/False. -- The reason electrons are attracted to protons is that electrons and protons have the same amount of charge.
false
True/False. -- The unit of electric potential is the joule.
false
True/False. -- When an object is charged by contact, electrons flow from the ground onto the object, or from the object onto the ground.
false
True/False. -- When you turn on a light, electrons move at speeds near the speed of light in order to light up the light bulb.
false
hertz is a unit of ___
frequency.
When two or more waves are at the same place at the same time, the resulting effect is called
interference.
When a sound source moves towards you, what happens to the wave speed?
it stays the same.
The time needed for a wave to make one complete cycle is its
period.
You dip your finger repeatedly into water and make waves. If you dip your finger more frequently, the wavelength of the waves
shortens.
A sound wave that has a higher frequency has a wavelength that is
shorter.
what are the properties of a longitudinal wave?
speed, frequency, wavelength, amplitude.
The Doppler effect is the perceived change in frequency due to
the motion of the object emitting the vibrations.
True or false: -- A spectroscope is an instrument that analyzes the colors in a light beam.
true
True or false: -- According to Einstein, light consists of massless bundles of electromagnetic energy called photons.
true
True or false: -- Polarization occurs when waves vibrate in a single direction.
true
True/False. -- A bolt of lightning is a result of charging by induction.
true
True/False. -- A line perpendicular to a surface is called a normal line.
true
True/False. -- A line that represents the position of a wave crest is called a wave front.
true
True/False. -- A material that is a good insulator of electricity is normally a poor conductor of electricity.
true
True/False. -- A voltage source is something that separates charges in a useful way.
true
True/False. -- All electrons are identical; all have exactly the same mass and charge.
true
True/False. -- Charge will move in a conductor when there is a difference in potential between the ends of the conductor.
true
True/False. -- Coulomb's law for electrical charges has the same mathematical form as Newton's law of gravitation.
true
True/False. -- Diffuse reflection occurs when light is reflected in many directions from a rough surface.
true
True/False. -- Even though a car may be struck by lightning, people inside the car will normally be safe.
true
True/False. -- Semiconductors can be made to conduct electricity and they can also be made to act like good insulators.
true
True/False. -- Sometimes a dry hot road will appear to be wet because of atmospheric refraction.
true
True/False. -- The energy a charge possesses by virtue of its location is called electrical potential energy.
true
True/False. -- The separation of light into colors arranged according to their frequency is dispersion.
true
True/False. -- The study of electricity at rest is electrostatics.
true
True/False. -- The total amount of charge in the universe is constant. We have never observed a case of net creation or destruction of charge.
true
True/False. -- When a wave reaches a boundary between two media, in most cases some of the wave is reflected and some is refracted.
true
True/False. -- When we allow charges to move onto or off a conductor by touching it with something connected to Earth, it is common to say that we are grounding it.
true
True/False. -- When you shine a waterproof light from underwater toward the surface of the water, there is a certain angle at which no light is refracted above the water and all the light is reflected back.
true
True/False. -- You can feel a slight shock from a 12-volt battery if your skin is moist.
true
True/False. -- You should never work with plugged-in electrical appliances while standing in water.
true
The distance between successive identical parts of a wave is called its
wavelength.