Cpcs Pract

Person from the 1800s considered to have written the first "computer program". (From the 1800s? How can that be?) Computer programming language named after her.

Ada Lovelace

Second sub-step when compiling-where programming language instructions are broken down into assembly language instructions first (.s file) and then converts each assembly language instruction into binary code, or object code (.o file)

Assembler

Also low-level types of instructions that, starting in the early 1950s, allowed the programmer to use a somewhat more English-like way of writing instructions by using abbreviations, or mnemonic codes, to refer to the bit-patterns.

Assembly Language

"brains" of the computer that carries out the retrieve, decode, execute, write-back results cycle, which is measured in GHz.

Central Processing unit

Person from the 1800s is often called the "father of the computer".

Charles Babbage

This person from the 1800s was : English mathmetician, philosopher, inventor & mechanical engineer who originated concept of programmable computer, and is credited with inventing first mechanical computer led to more complex designs such as the Mark I in the 1940s.

Charles Babbage

Person had the idea that programs could be written in more English-like statements than assembly and machine language; also created the first compiler, among many other things.

Grace Murray Hopper

These languages, like C, use even more English-like statements than assembly language

High level languages

First sub-step when compiling- where certain "administrative" things are taken care of before any compiling takes place (for example a #define, which we'll talk about later). So, for now, think of this sub-step as "filling in the blanks" before compiling. (.i file)

Pre-processors

This is the part of the computer that allows the computer to "think". The items that are currently being processed are held here in this temporary storage, also called main memory. It is measured in GB.

Random Access Memory/RAM

Basis for many modern operating systems. Developed at Bell Labs in 1969 in assembly language, rewritten in C in 1972 (over 90% of it written in C which makes it much more easily ported to different systems with relatively small effort). One of the driving philosophies of this operating system was that everything consists of small modular units that do one thing well and when combined, can do more powerful things.

Unix

Process of analyzing & translating the program from the C program language to a form the computer can understand (machine language); creates an executable.

compilation/compiling (preprocessing, compilation, assembly and linking)

a program in C must be ___ before being executes

compiled

Unix was re-written in C (year)

early 1970's

(True or False) An instruction from the C programming language corresponds one-to-one with the instructions that are contained in the instruction set for that particular machine (processor).

false

(true or false) An array declaration- must specify the values of all the array elements

false

true or false array declaration: char word[10]; which of the following snippets results in the contents of the word array being initialized to some string? scanf("%s", &word);

false

true or false array declaration: char word[10]; which of the following snippets results in the contents of the word array being initialized to some string? strcpy("Tigers", word);

false

true or false array declaration: char word[10]; which of the following snippets results in the contents of the word array being initialized to some string? word = "Clemson";

false

C is a _____________________________ programming language (like Ada, BASIC, C++, C#, COBOL, Fortran, Java, Pascal, Perl, Python, Visual Basic).

high level programming language

c-programming was created (year)

in late 1960's

____________Set of instructions defined on processor. Different processors have different ones of these defined on them (within the circuitry of the processor).

instruction set architecture (ISA)

Last sub-step when compiling that links or adds to the object code any other code being included with the program (from the #includes or from the other program files that are all being compiled together) which then produces the executable program.

linker

____________________ Low-level types of instructions that computer (processor) understands. Not human readable; machine dependent - only worked on the machine that it was developed for (not portable).

machine language

These are the (low-level) types of instructions that, starting in the early 1940s, were in terms of binary numbers and corresponded directly to specific instructions in the processor's instruction set.

machine language instructions

These are programs that control entire operation of a computer system, such as I/O, system resources, execution of programs, etc. provides interface between user and the computer.

operating system (OS)

_______________________ Windows, MacOS are examples of these. Programs that control the entire operation of a computer system (such as I/O, system resources, execution of programs, etc).

operating systems

____________________ Type of programming language contains series of computational steps to be carried out; procedures / routines / functions may be called at any point in the program, including by other functions or itself.

procedural programming language

type of programming language is c++

procedural programming language

Collection of instructions that perform some purpose, solves a specific problem.

program

This refers to the approach or steps taken to solve the problem, to show the logic for the program before you start coding

pseudocode

Logical errors, e.g. using a variable that hasn't been declared yet

semantic errors

Language-specific omissions/errors, e.g., missing a semi-colon where one is required.

syntax errors

(true or false) An array declaration- may allow the values of some elements to remain unspecified

true

(true or false) An array declaration- may use a variable to specify the size of the array

true

(true or false) An array declaration- must specify the size of the array if the values of the elements are not provided

true

(true or false) An array declaration- must specify the type of the elements

true

true or false array declaration: char word[10]; which of the following snippets results in the contents of the word array being initialized to some string? word[0]='H'; word[1]='i'; word[2]=' \0';

true