cpsc 4620 midterm

The relational data model was developed in the _____.

1970s

The object-oriented data model was developed in the _____.

1980s

The _____ relationship should be rare in any relational database design.

1:1

The _____ relationship is the "relational model ideal."

1:M

_____ serve as the intermediary between the user and the database.

DBMSs

The _____ constraint can be placed on a column to ensure that every row in the table has a value for that column.

NOT NULL

_____ returns only the attributes requested, in the order in which they are requested.

PROJECT

To be considered minimally relational, the DBMS must support the key relational operators _____, PROJECT, and JOIN.

SELECT

Which of the following is true of NoSQL databases?

They are not based on the relational model.

Which of the following is true of business rules?

They can serve as a communication tool between the users and designer

A(n) _____ is the equivalent of a field in a file system.

attribute

Another name for a composite entity is a(n) _____ entity.

bridge

A _____ key can be described as a minimal superkey, a superkey without any unnecessary attributes.

candidate

The database structure in a DBMS is stored as a _____.

collection of files

Each table _____ represents an attribute.

column

A(n) _____ is a restriction placed on the data.

constraint

_____ are important because they help to ensure data integrity.

constraints

_____ are normally expressed in the form of rules.

constraints

A(n) _____ enables a database administrator to describe schema components.

data definition language (DDL)

A(n) _______ enables a database administrator to describe schema components.

data definition language DDL

A _____ contains at least all of the attribute names and characteristics for each table in the system.

data dictionary

_____ exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places.

data inconsistency

_____ is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions.

data integrity

Which of the following refers to the situation where different versions of the same data are stored at different places because they weren't updated consistently?

data redundancy

A(n) _____ database is used by an organization and supports many users across many departments.

enterprise

A noun in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model.

entity

A(n) _____ represents a particular type of object in the real world.

entity

The CUSTOMER table's primary key is CUS_CODE. The CUSTOMER primary key column has no null entries, and all entries are unique. This is an example of _____ integrity.

entity

The _____ model uses the term connectivity to label the relationship types.

entity relationship

The _____ model was developed to allow designers to use a graphical tool to examine structures rather than describing them with text.

entity relationship

A disadvantage of the relational database management system (RDBMS) is its inability to hide the complexities of the relational model from the user.

false

An advantage of database systems is that you needn't perform frequent updates and apply latest patches.

false

An implementation-ready data model needn't necessarily contain enforceable rules to guarantee the integrity of the data.

false

An operational database is sometimes referred to as an enterprise database.

false

Business rules apply to businesses and government groups, but not to other types of organizations such as religious groups or research laboratories.

false

Corporations use only structured data.

false

Data and information are essentially the same thing.

false

Data anomaly is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions.

false

Data is the result of processing raw facts to reveal its meaning.

false

Database designers determine the data and information that yield the required understanding of the entire business.

false

Database programming languages receive all application requests and translate them into the complex operations required to fulfill those requests.

false

Even when a good database blueprint is available, an applications programmer's view of the data should match that of the manager and the end user.

false

Field refers to a collection of related records.

false

In Chen notation, entities and relationships have to be oriented horizontally; not vertically.

false

In an SQL-based relational database, each table is dependent on every other table.

false

One advantage of a database system over previous data management approaches is that the database system is considerably less complex.

false

One disadvantage of the DBMS is that it increases the risk of data security breaches.

false

Structural dependence exists when it is possible to make changes in the file structure without affecting the application program's ability to access the data.

false

The DBMS reveals much of the database's internal complexity to the application programs and users.

false

The external model is the representation of the database as "seen" by the DBMS.

false

The hierarchical model is software-independent.

false

The relational model is hardware-dependent and software-independent.

false

When data are entered into a form and saved, they are placed in the underlying database as knowledge.

false

A _____ is a character or group of characters that has a specific meaning.

field

A _____ is a collection of related records.

file

A _____ is the primary key of one table that has been placed into another table to create a common attribute.

foreign key

In the _____ model, each parent can have many children, but each child has only one parent.

hierarchical

In the _____ model, the basic logical structure is represented as an upside-down tree.

hierarchical

A(n) _____ is an orderly arrangement used to logically access rows in a table.

index

_____ is the result of revealing the meaning of raw facts.

information

A(n) _____ only returns matched records from the tables that are being joined.

inner join

In the relational model, _____ are important because they are used to ensure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable.

keys

Students and classes have a _____ relationship.

many-to-many

_____ provide a description of the data characteristics and the set of relationships that link the data found within the database.

metadata

A(n) _____'s main function is to help one understand the complexities of the real-world environment.

model

A(n) _____ join links tables by selecting only the rows with common values in their common attribute(s).

natural

The _____ data model is said to be a semantic data model.

object-oriented

The _____ data model uses the concept of inheritance.

object-oriented

A data warehouse contains historical data obtained from the _____.

operational databases

_____ are especially useful when you are trying to determine what values in related tables cause referential integrity problems.

outer joins

_____ relates to the activities that make the database execute transactions more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed.

performance tuning

The response of the DBMS to a query is the ___________

query result set

A _____ is a logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing.

record

MySQL is an example of the _____.

relational data model

A verb associating two nouns in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model.

relationship

A(n) _____ is bidirectional.

relationship

_____ are the result of formatting disorganized data in order to facilitate storage, use and generation of information.

structured data

The _____ is actually a system-created database whose tables store the user/designer-created database characteristics and contents.

system catalog

Which of the following is true of spreadsheet applications?

they enhance the user's ability to understand data

A data model is usually graphical.

true

A data warehouse can store data derived from many sources.

true

An implementation-ready data model should contain a description of the data structure that will store the end-user data.

true

Business rules must be rendered in writing.

true

Data constitute the building blocks of information.

true

Data processing can be as simple as organizing data to reveal patterns.

true

Each row in the relational table is known as an entity instance or entity occurrence in the ER model.

true

In an SQL-based relational database, rows in different tables are related based on common values in common attributes.

true

In the context of data models, an entity is a person, place, thing, or event about which data will be collected and stored.

true

M:N relationships are not appropriate in a relational model.

true

Metadata describe the data characteristics and the set of relationships that links the data found within the database.

true

One disadvantage of a database system over previous data management approaches is increased costs.

true

Structure is based on the type of processing to be performed on the data.

true

The network model has structural level dependence.

true

The only way to access the data in a database is through the DBMS.

true

Today, most relational database products can be classified as object/relational.

true

Within the database environment, a data model represents data structures with the purpose of supporting a specific problem domain.

true

When two or more tables share the same number of columns, and when their corresponding columns share the same or compatible domains, they are said to be _____.

union-compatible

When you define a table's primary key, the DBMS automatically creates a(n) _____ index on the primary key column(s) you declared.

unique

_____ data exist in a format that does not lend itself to processing that yields information.

unstructured

_____ data exist in the format in which they were collected.

unstructured