CR EXAM

In which type of reproduction can cells divide through the process of mitosis?

asexual reproduction

Which is a tough and flexible layer that surrounds plant cells, as well as some algal and bacterial cells?

cell wall

Which organelles are found only in plant cells?

cell wall, chloroplasts

Which organelle is not found in plant cells?

centrioles

A student constructs a Venn diagram to compare the organelles in plant and animal cell Which organelle should be listed under "Both" in the diagram?

mitochondrion

A cell contains the same DNA as its parent cell. This is a result of which process?

mitosis

Which process must the cell undergo to have identical cells at the end of cell division?

mitosis

The molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins is

rna

Which statement best explains why meiosis produces haploid cells rather than diploid cells?

Haploid cells join to form an organism that has a complete set of chromosomes.

There are more hydrogen atoms in living organisms than any other atom, but oxygen is more abundant in terms of mass. Why is this statement true?

Hydrogen atoms have a lower mass than oxygen atoms.

The picture shows a jar of honey. Which statement is correct about this food?

It contains monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrate

What is the role of RNA polymerase?

It helps transcribe the DNA strand.

Which statement correctly describes glucose (C6H12O6)?

It is a compound made of twenty-four total atoms of three different elements.

Which statement is true about a cell wall but not a cell membrane?

It is made mostly of cellulose.

Which statement best summarizes the importance of meiosis to reproduction?

It produces gametes that are needed for sexual reproduction.

Which is the main reason cells are replaced in the body?

The cells are damaged.

A student constructs a Venn diagram to compare the organelles in plant and animal cell Which organelle should be listed under "Plant Only" in the diagram?

chloroplast

Consider this plant cell. Which organelle is labeled I?

chloroplast

Which organelle produces sugars while releasing oxygen, and in which cell could it be found?

chloroplasts, which can be found in leaf cells of trees

Consider the cell structure that is shown below. Which is a function of the structure that is represented in the image?

controls the movement of substances into and out of cells

Which is a function of the cell membrane?

controls what enters and leaves the cell

Which occurs during transcription?

mRNA is synthesized from a strand of DNA.

Students are each given a 20 gram sample of an unknown solid compound in a clear plastic bag. They are instructed to break the material into smaller parts by gently hitting it with a hammer. Some of the parts break into large chunks and some look like a fine powder. Which statement correctly describes these broken pieces of the sample?

Each piece contains the same proportion of different elements.

A single strand of DNA helix has the code CGCTAA. Which would be the complementary code on the other strand of the helix?

GCGATT

Consider this animal cell. Which organelle is labeled A?

Golgi apparatus

Consider this plant cell. Which organelle is labeled E?

Golgi apparatus

Consider this animal cell. What is the function of the small, dark organelles labeled E?

They assemble amino acids into proteins.

Which best describes somatic mutations?

They can cause different kinds of cancer.

Which summary below correctly describes what occurs during transcription?

A DNA template is used to create an mRNA strand.

How does a dietician help a patient?

A dietician helps patients get the proper amount of nutrients.

A species of mud snail was studied for five years. During this time, scientists observed the season in which they mated, the number of offspring they produced, and the results of such stressors as drought, famine, and lack of mates. Which question were the scientists most likely studying?

Are mud snails able to reproduce both asexually and sexually?

Which best describes cancer cells?

Cancer cells attach to organs.

What does it mean for a membrane to be selectively permeable?

Only certain molecules are allowed to pass through.

Where is the best place to find information about the hazards that are associated with a compound?

Read a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

The study of Escherichia coli (E. coli) led researchers to new experimental designs for studying operons. Which experimental design did the scientists use?

Read the genome sequence to determine the quantity and organization of operons.

Read the following information from a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) about the chemical hydrochloric acid (HCl). "Skin Contact: In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention immediately." Based on this information, which is the most important thing to do right away if a student spills HCl on his shirt?

Remove the shirt and rinse the skin with water in case the HCl soaked through.

A cell begins to send out incorrect chemical signals to neighboring cells. During which phase of the cell cycle did the cause of the change most likely happen?

S phase

At which point in the eukaryotic cell cycle can a DNA mutation occur?

S phase

DNA replication occurs during which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

S phase

The graph shows the rates of malignant melanoma for the years 1973-2004. Based on the information in the graph, what conclusions can be drawn about the rate of skin cancer in men compared to that in women?

Skin cancer increased at a faster rate in men than in women.

The graph shows the rate of malignant melanoma for the years 1973-2004. Based on the information in the graph, which conclusion can be drawn?

The rate of skin cancer has increased in both men and women.

What did Chargaff discover while studying bases in the DNA of organisms?

The ratios of thymine and adenine were similar, as were the ratios of guanine and cytosine.

Two cells in the same organism differ only in the number of chloroplasts they contain. The first cell has multiple chloroplasts, and the second cell has very few. What would most likely characterize these cells?

The second cell would not be able to produce as much food because it could not capture sunlight.

A scientist is working with methane (CH4) and butane (C4H10). Which statement best compares these chemicals?

They are compounds made of the same two elements, but each contain different numbers of atoms.

Which statement best describes the components of nucleic acids?

They are made up of nitrogen bases, sugars, and phosphates.

Which statement correctly compares nucleic acids and carbohydrates?

They both contain carbon, but only nucleic acids contain phosphorous.

Which statement describes one way that RNA differs from DNA?

They contain different five-carbon sugars and a different nitrogenous base.

Before using any chemical in the lab, why should one first read the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)?

This is important for laboratory safety.

Which statement about vacuoles is true?

Vacuoles are larger in plant cells than in animal cells.

At which point in the eukaryotic cell cycle does mitosis occur?

after the G2 phase

A dietician examines the diet of a patient who is complaining that he is unable to build muscle mass. The patient eats mainly fresh fruits, vegetables, pasta, bread, and some fats and oils. Which type of supplement will the dietician most likely recommend?

amino acids

Rapid reproduction is an advantage of which process?

asexual reproduction

Which process produces a greater number of offspring?

asexual reproduction

Which organisms transform nitrogen to a form that is useful to plants?

bacteria

The most abundant element in the atmosphere can also be found in

beans and whey protein.

Which describes the process of a bacterial cell dividing to create two daughter cells?

binary fission

Which macromolecule provides a person with most of the energy that is needed for daily activities?

carbohydrates

Which of these elements is found in both carbohydrates and water?

carbon

A new organism is discovered at the bottom of the ocean. A scientist is determining the composition of elements found in the tissues of the organism. Which elements will most likely be found?

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen

What is the purpose of interphase in the eukaryotic cell cycle?

cell growth

Consider this animal cell. Which organelle is labeled H?

cell membrane

Consider this plant cell. Which organelle is labeled G?

cell membrane

Which structural component is found in DNA but not in RNA?

deoxyribose

Mitosis produces which cell type?

diploid

Which include the male and female sex cells?

gametes

Meiosis produces which cell type?

hapliod

DNA is made of two chains of nucleotides. Which type of bonds hold the chains together?

hydrogen bonds

Which discovery is attributed to Phoebus Levene?

identification of ribose and deoxyribose

The DNA sequence reads ACGTTCATT before a mutation occurs. After the mutation, the DNA sequence reads ATCGTTCATT. Which type of mutation occurred?

insertion

The diagram shows the stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Which stage is labeled E in the diagram?

interphase

ebastian wants to make ball-and-stick models of the four macromolecules. He has colored balls for each of the elements in these molecules, including the following. red: hydrogen black: carbon purple: oxygen green: nitrogen For a model of which macromolecule will he need mostly black and red balls?

lipids

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down waste material and debris in the cell?

lysosome

A student is examining leaf cells. Which organelle is most likely to be missing from the cells?

lysosomes

Which occurs during translation?

mRNA codons are joined by tRNA anticodons to assemble amino acids to form a protein.

Which list correctly shows carbohydrates in size from smallest to largest?

monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide

What is the end result of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

no parent cells and two daughter cells

The boys in this picture look alike because their bodies contain identical

nucleic acids.

Consider this animal cell Which organelle is labeled I?

nucleus

The table lists some organelles and functions. Only one pair is correctly matched. Functions of Organelles Organelle Function Nucleus Directs cell activity Endoplasmic reticulum Breaks down sugar molecules to supply energy Golgi apparatus Supports and protects organelles in the cell Lysosome Produces proteins for the cell Which organelle in the table is correctly matched with its function?

nucleus

Where is the DNA located in a eukaryotic cell?

nucleus

Which is a structure that contains the cell's hereditary information and controls the cell's growth and reproduction?

nucleus

Which macromolecule forms a double layer as the primary structure of cell membranes?

phospholipids

A doctor suspects that one of her patients has a deficiency in one of the six key elements found in living organisms. He has low energy and extremely weak, soft bones. Based on this information alone, which nutrient supplement will she most likely prescribe?

phosphorus

Which is a key component of the energy molecule ATP?

phosphorus

Which is composed of amino acids and determines all the structures and functions of organisms?

protein

Which type of macromolecule is made up of subunits that are called amino acids?

protein

Which function of the cell cycle is especially important to burn victims?

reproduction of new cells

Which of the following could be a nucleotide of RNA?

ribose + phosphate group + uracil

The table lists some organelles and functions. Only one pair is correctly matched. Functions of Organelles Organelle Function Lysosome Stores water and waste materials Vacuole Breaks down sugars Mitochondrion Breaks down waste materials and debris Ribosome Produces proteins for the cell Which organelle in the table is correctly matched with its function?

ribosome

A slow reproduction process is a disadvantage of which form of reproduction?

sexual reproduction

Fewer offspring is a disadvantage of which form of reproduction?

sexual reproduction

The picture shows a carafe of olive oil. What is one of the primary functions of this food in the body?

storing energy

Which describes a promoter?

the first part of an operon that regulates where, when, and to what level a gene is expressed

At which of these locations is a dietician least likely to work?

theater

Why is a skin graft necessary when cells are damaged by a third-degree burn?

to protect the area from infection

Which is considered a chemical mutagen?

tobacco

What is cancer?

uncontrolled cell division

Which RNA base pairs with the adenine in DNA?

uracil

Consider this plant cell. Which organelle is labeled A?

vacuole

Which substance is a compound?

water