Creating the US Gov: Gov Philosophies

Which statement BEST explains why the "divine right of kings" theory conflicted with the idea of a social contract? - The divine right of kings theory bound people to a religion, which, according to Rousseau and Locke, went against natural law. - Social contracts required the consent of every individual in society, which meant kings had to obey the will of the majority. - Because divine right of kings awarded absolute power to monarchs as leaders of society, there could not be a true consent of the people. - As a purely Catholic idea, the divine right of kings theory conflicted with the Protestant theory of a social contract.

Because divine right of kings awarded absolute power to monarchs as leaders of society, there could not be a true consent of the people.

Which statement BEST describes the philosophy of John Locke? There is no need for government since natural law will ensure that humanity continues to progress. Governments should have separation of powers to ensure their citizens retain the greatest possible liberty. Monarchies, because of their divine blessings, ensure that civilization progresses to its maximum potential. Because they should be accountable to the people, governments must protect the natural rights of its citizens or else be overthrown.

Because they should be accountable to the people, governments must protect the natural rights of its citizens or else be overthrown.

Which statement BEST describes the philosophy of John Locke? - There is no need for government since natural law will ensure that humanity continues to progress. - Governments should have separation of powers to ensure their citizens retain the greatest possible liberty. - Monarchies, because of their divine blessings, ensure that civilization progresses to its maximum potential. - Because they should be accountable to the people, governments must protect the natural rights of its citizens or else be overthrown.

Because they should be accountable to the people, governments must protect the natural rights of its citizens or else be overthrown.

The time in which European philosophers began challenging the authority of monarchs and the Church is known as?

Enlightenment

Time period in Europe when sciences and reason guided people's thoughts about nature, society, and politics.

Enlightenment

Is the statement about "divine right of kings" theory T/F: Its followers believed that governments should be modeled after the ancient Greek and Roman governments.

False

Is the statement about Enlightenment T/F: It sought to justify the divine right of kings.

False

T/F: Enlightenment philosophers advocated monarchical governments in which a central king would ensure the rights of the people, whereas Filmer argued for representative democracy.

False

T/F: Filmer suggested that governments represent the will of the majority, whereas Enlightenment thinkers advocated for minority rights.

False

T/F: The following view part of Montesquieu's conception of the separation of powers in The Spirit of the Laws (1748): The two houses of the legislature cannot block laws introduced by the president.

False

John Locke would have agreed with all of the following statements EXCEPT: - Government should be accountable to the people it governs. - A government should protect people's natural rights to life, liberty, and property. - A government should have limited power so that it does not infringe on the rights of its citizens. - Government should have the authority to suppress the will of its citizens if it deems it to be crucial to society.

Government should have the authority to suppress the will of its citizens if it deems it to be crucial to society.

Which view was NOT included in John Locke's Two Treatises of Government (1690)? - Governments should have limited power. - Government must be accepted by all citizens. - Governments have obligations to those whom it governs. - Governments should not allow all groups of people the same liberties.

Governments should not allow all groups of people the same liberties.

Which view was NOT included in John Locke's Two Treatises of Government (1690)? Governments should have limited power. Government must be accepted by all citizens. Governments have obligations to those whom it governs. Governments should not allow all groups of people the same liberties.

Governments should not allow all groups of people the same liberties.

Which statement BEST describes the philosophy of Sir Robert Filmer? - Kings derive their power from the consent of their subjects. - Kings have a divine right to absolute authority over their subjects. - Government's principle duty is to protect the individual rights of citizens. - Government's principle duty is to enforce the rule of law.

Kings have a divine right to absolute authority over their subjects.

In The Spirit of the Laws (1748), __________ argues that any government, if it is to protect the liberty of its citizens, needs __________. Rousseau . . . a strong legislature Montesquieu . . . a separation of powers Locke . . . a strong monarch to serve as a father figure Filmer . . . a constitution in which rights are explicitly outlined

Montesquieu . . . a separation of powers

What is the purpose of the separation of powers in government?

The separation of powers was designed to provide the greatest amount of liberty to people.

Which statement BEST describes John Locke's argument against the "divine right of kings" theory of government? - Kings cannot have divine right because they are not officially part of the church. - There is no scientific evidence supporting the existence of a divine right of kings. - Divine right can only be claimed by those who afford basic rights to the people they rule. - While kings have a divine right to rule, they are responsible for providing basic rights to their subjects.

There is no scientific evidence supporting the existence of a divine right of kings.

How did Enlightenment philosophers influence the Founding Fathers of American government?

They provided the ideas of natural rights, government by consent, and separation of powers, which promote the greatest possible liberty for the people.

Is the statement about "divine right of kings" theory T/F: It held that submission to the patriarchal authority was the key to political obligation.

True

Is the statement about "divine right of kings" theory T/F: Its adherents believed that government was critical to the "Great Chain of Being."

True

Is the statement about "divine right of kings" theory T/F: Its followers viewed kings as the fathers of society.

True

Is the statement about Enlightenment T/F: It began in Western Europe in the 18th century.

True

Is the statement about Enlightenment T/F: It influenced the American Founding Fathers.

True

Is the statement about Enlightenment T/F: It was heavily influenced by the histories of ancient civilizations.

True

T/F: Both philosophers, John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau, believed in social contracts between freely formed governments and their citizens.

True

T/F: Enlightenment philosophers advocated government systems that protected the natural rights of man, whereas Filmer argued that people would be lost without the paternal monarch.

True

T/F: Enlightenment thought, because of its roots in science and reason, challenged the prevailing authority of the church.

True

T/F: The following view part of Montesquieu's conception of the separation of powers in The Spirit of the Laws (1748): An independent judiciary is necessary.

True

T/F: The following view was part of Montesquieu's conception of the separation of powers in The Spirit of the Laws (1748): Each of the two houses of the legislature can block bills from the other house.

True

T/F: The following view was part of Montesquieu's conception of the separation of powers in The Spirit of the Laws (1748): The executive branch must have veto power over the legislature.

True

Which statement BEST describes Rousseau's view of the relationship between governments and the rights of the people? - If governments are to remain in power, they must protect the rights of at least some of their citizens. - When governments are created with the consent of the people, the people are more likely to retain their natural rights. - Governments should act as a paternal, or father figure, whose sole responsibility is to protect society from chaos. - Governments should only protect the rights of the majority, since it is the majority of citizens that give the government its power and authority.

When governments are created with the consent of the people, the people are more likely to retain their natural rights.

The principle of complete and unrestricted power in government.

absolutist

The right to control or command

authority

Enlightenment philosophers believed that human civilizations are similar to nature in that they are __________.

governed by natural laws

Lack of knowledge or information.

ignorance

The idea that human affairs should be governed by principles set by nature and valid everywhere.

natural laws

Which of the following BEST describes a social contract as defined by Western philosophers in the 18th century? - a contract that forces people to release all of their liberty in exchange for basic services - By rejecting any form of government, people should have a contract amongst themselves to maintain peace and order. - A social contract ensures that a monarch will provide its people basic services like education and protection from enemies. - people consenting to a form of government, which implies that an individual releases some liberty for the common good

people consenting to a form of government, which implies that an individual releases some liberty for the common good

Which of the following BEST describes a social contract as defined by Western philosophers in the 18th century? a contract that forces people to release all of their liberty in exchange for basic services By rejecting any form of government, people should have a contract amongst themselves to maintain peace and order. A social contract ensures that a monarch will provide its people basic services like education and protection from enemies. people consenting to a form of government, which implies that an individual releases some liberty for the common good

people consenting to a form of government, which implies that an individual releases some liberty for the common good

Systems of thought based upon wisdom and reasoning

philosophies

a way of thinking or a set of ideas about particular subjects

philosophy

What was the separation of powers designed to do?

provide the greatest amount of liberty to people

According to Enlightenment thinkers, the government __________.

requires the consent of its people

A process of investigation in which a question is posed, and observations and experiments are performed in order to answer it.

scientific method

What did Enlightenment philosophers employ to distill scientific truths through experimentation and observation?

scientific method

An agreement between the people and government in which the people transfer some of their rights to the government in exchange for protection and other benefits

social contract

an implied agreement between citizens and government in which citizens release some liberty to government for the good of society

social contract