Criminal Investigation Final Review

Which of the following are motivations for corporate crime? 1. Gaining or increasing power 2. Causing pain and suffering 3. Realizing personal wealth through mishandling of funds 4. Sexual gratification

1 and 3

What is the average time that a stalker stalks a person?

1 year

What should an officer write down in their notes?

1. Dates, times, locations 2. Description of victim 3. Wounds on the victim 4. Overall description of the crime scene 5. Notes on photographs taken on the scene 6. Type and location of each piece of evidence 7. Absence

How do proactive investigations differ from reactive ones in two major ways?

1. The investigation is conducted before the crime is committed 2. The suspect is identified before he or she commits the crime

If a mandatory reporter suspect's abuse, what is the usual time requirement to report the abuse?

24 hours

What percent of children are abducted and murdered within the first three hours of their disappearance?

74%

_____% of the time murderers know the person they kill

85

What are some statistics related to murder?

85% of people who murder someone knew them and FBI says there is one murder every 37 minutes

What is Jailhouse informant and what are a few problems associated with this type of informant?

A jailhouse informant is an informant that is incarcerated The following are a few issues associated with using jailhouse informants: -notorious liars -motivated by personal gain -they are not very reliable -the court and juries tend not to believe them -they are willing to do or say anything in exchange for leniency

What is grooming?

A method that is used by online sexual predators to lure the children they meet

What is first-degree murder?

A person commits the crime if he or she knowingly causes the death of another person after deliberation on the matter

What is second-degree murder?

A person commits the crime if he or she knowingly causes the death of another person while committing a criminal act and not acting under the influence of passion; lack of consideration for life; no premeditation

What is a recidivist?

A person who is arrested who has a record of previous arrest. Someone who was arrested and comes back into society just to commit an act again`

What is stalking?

A term commonly used to refer to unwanted or obsessive attention by an individual or group toward another person; habitual following, unwanted following

What statement below is true regarding the Pinkerton National Detective Agency? A. All of the above statements are true of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. B. Pinkerton's National Detective Agency was founded in 1850 by Scottish immigrant, Allan Pinkerton. C. The Pinkerton Agency was called on by communities to handle cases that local law enforcement officers were unable to investigate due to incompetency or limited resources. D. Its organizational structure was later adopted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation

A. All of the above statements are true of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency.

What are reactive responses?

Addresses crimes that have already occurred

Which of the following people is most likely target of a street mugger?

An elderly person

What is a preliminary investigation?

An initial inquiry by officers to establish facts and circumstances of a suspected crime and to preserve any evidence related to that crime; precursory investigative phase

When should an officer begin taking notes?

As soon as as they get a call to the scene of a crime

What is AFIS and what does it do?

Automated Fingerprint Identification System a 10-print system for searching an individual's fingerprints to determine whether a prior arrest record exists and then maintaining a criminal arrest record history for each individual, the system also offers significant latent print capabilities

Criminal investigations are conducted through the use of three different responses: reactive, proactive, and preventive. Which of the following crimes would normally require a "reactive" investigation? A. Gambling B. Robbery C. Prostitution D. Loansharking

B. Robbery

Which of the following types of cases might covert info collection be used for? A. Arson B. Drug distribution C. Murder D. Burglary

B. drug distribution

What problem with informants can arise when officers get too close to their informers and end up bending the rules?

Blackmail

When first encountering a witness or victim, it is important for the investigator to allow the person to state in his or her own words what occurred. How is this best accomplished?

By asking the simple question, "What happened?"

What is the purpose of the crime scene "walk-through?" A. It identifies any threats to scene integrity. B. It ensures protection of physical evidence. C. All of the above are valid reasons to conduct a "walk-through." D. It provides an overview of the entire scene.

C. All of the above are valid reasons to conduct a "walk-through."

"The phenomenon in which jurors hold unrealistic expectations of forensic evidence and investigation techniques, and have an increased interest in the discipline of forensic science" is known as ________.

CSI effect

An investigator is working on a missing child case where a 14-year-old girl suddenly disappeared with no apparent reason. The investigator determined there was no recent fight between the child and parents, yet the child was gone one day when the parents returned from work. Which of the following would be an investigative priority for the investigator?

Check the child's computer

A parent fails to provide food, clothing, or shelter to a child. What crime has been committed, assuming that the failure is not due to poverty?

Child neglect

What does a crime scene sketch do?

Complements photographs and videos taken of the scene, locates evidence in relation to other factors, provides perspective in courts (to where photos were taken and crimes occurred)

What is confirmation bias?

Confirmation bias is the tendency for investigators to overvalue information that supports their own beliefs while at the same time ignoring other information no matter how valid or factual

What action is recommended for the first officer on reaching the scene of a robbery in progress?

Covering the most likely exit from the robbery location

What type of locations emerged during the mid-1980s and are often abandoned buildings or apartments in public housing projects near copping areas?

Crack houses

What type of investigation into an officer-involved shooting is typically conducted by a neutral outside law enforcement agency to determine whether the actions of the officer(s) involved violated any laws?

Criminal

Which form of terrorism involves the use of terror for profit or psychological gain?

Criminal terrorism

Which statement below is true regarding DNA? A. DNA represents a genetic facsimile or "blueprint," of that organism B. DNA consists of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus C. Within every cell in each humans body the DNA is identical D. All of the above

D all of the above

What is the role of the medical examiner? A. Determining the time of death. B. conducting autopsies C. Determining exact cause of death D. All of the above

D. All of the above

What is DNA used for?

DNA is used for trying to prove a crime occurred

Police are responding to a burglary call. An alarm company called 911 and informed dispatch that an exterior alarm and several motion detectors in a commercial building have been activated. What is the first thing that officers should do upon arrival at the scene?

Determine whether a crime is currently in progress

Which of the following groups of people are prime targets for home repair scams?

Elderly

Pinkerton's organizational structure was later adopted by the ______

FBI

What are coerced-compliant confessions?

Fear tactics that include direct threats, intimidation, or actual physical abuse have been known to coerce suspects into falsely admitting guilt to a crime

Laws allow searches ___________ to arrest

Incident

Undercover agents must be careful not to entrap suspects. Entrapment occurs when undercover agents ...

Induce someone to commit a crime

What is the difference between information and intelligence?

Information is raw whereas intelligence has been in the hands of several

What is information?

Information is raw, something you collect

What is exculpatory evidence?

Information that tends to establish the innocence of the defendant

An administrative investigation is typically conducted by what type of investigators?

Internal affairs

What are proactive responses?

Investigations are conducted for anticipated criminal activity

What are preventive responses?

Investigations conducted to prevent as preventive measures

A man is driving home from work and is speeding in a residential neighborhood. He is going 55 mph in a 25 mph posted zone. He hits a child playing in the street. What crime has he committed?

Involuntary manslaughter

What is involuntary manslaughter?

Involuntary manslaughter usually refers to the accidental or nonintentional death of another human being, with severe negligence

What can happen if a criminal investigator prepares a poorly written report?

It can give a defense attorney a tool to use during trial to confuse the officer's testimony and to muddle the issue.

Why is securing the crime scene so important?

It can prevent the loss of evidence or dismissal of evidence by the court

In which of the following ways is stalking distinguishable from many other types of crime?

It entails repeat victimization of a person the offender targets

What can happen if investigators do a poor job?

It might end up in dismissal of evidence by the court; or dismissal of the case

What statement below best summarizes the current use of crime scene sketches?

Jurors, typically, can relate to a well-drafted sketch depicting all-important areas of the crime

Which of the following can be processed using the AFIS?

Latent prints

What are some problems with informants?

Lying, double dealing, rip-offs, blackmail, investigators become too friendly with informants, informants of the opposite sex, crimes committed by the informant

Which country has the greatest impact on the drug situation in the United States?

Mexico

_____________ is a very intimate crime

Murder

What is murder?

Murder is one person intentionally causing another person to die.

What is the difference between murder and manslaughter?

Murder is purposeful, premeditated, and unlawful taking of the life of a human being by another person

Who are most susceptible to street robberies?

Old ladies

Officer Peters is about to interview a victim and must prepare several questions. Which of the following types of questions should he rely on most to force the interviewee to relate to the statement?

Open-ended questions

What kind of questions should you ask in an investigation?

Open-ended questions

What is coerced internalization?

People who actually believe they are guilty of the crime they didn't commit

What is a major provision of "Megan's Law?"

Permits law enforcement to provide information on registered sex offenders to the general public, resulting in numerous publicly accessible websites.

John is stopped by a police officer for speeding. During the stop, the officer notices that John is nervous, sweating profusely and is avoiding eye contact. After obtaining consent to search, the officer finds 1/4 gram of cocaine in the vehicle. What crime will John likely be charged with?

Possession of a controlled substance

The follow-up investigation should build on what has been learned during what process of the investigation?

Preliminary Investigation

What are the different modes of investigation?

Proactive, reactive, and preventive investigations

What is probable cause?

Probable Cause is a standard used in determining when arrests and searches can be conducted by police

What is the minimum amount of information necessary to warrant a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been or is being committed by a person who is about to be arrested?

Probable cause

Which of the following motives for arson accounts for fifty percent of all arsons in the United States?

Profit

Which confidence game involves conning victims into making small investments that they believe could potentially earn them huge revenues?

Pyramid schemes

What is the main motivation for child abduction?

Rape and sexual assault

In order for a police officer to conduct a terry stop what legal threshold must exist?

Reasonable suspicion

Which statement below correctly reflects recent research on the current trends regarding criminal gangs?

Recent research shows that gangs are expanding, evolving, and posing an increasing threat to U.S. communities nationwide.

What is the most common type of robbery?

Robberies associated with holdups, muggings, and stickups

What is one of the most important things you can do at a crime scene?

Secure the crime scene

What is the chain of custody?

Sequential documentation of evidence that shows the seizure, custody,control, transfer, analysis and disposition of evidence

Research suggests that a ____________ amount of people commit crimes

Small

An investigator thinks that the suspect may be affected by an emotional appeals, so the interrogator speaks in low tones ,and includes expressions of concern and understanding for the suspect, his or her spouse, children, business, and so on. What style is this?

Sympathetic style

We _____________ people during intelligence and information efforts

Target

What is the first step in the intelligence gathering process?

Target selection

What is maximization?

The exaggeration of evidence available

What are the different types of informants?

The fearful informant, the financially motivated informant, the revengeful informant, the egotistical informants, the perversely motivated informant, and the reformed informant

One of the primary investigative tools used in working undercover that typically makes the introduction to a criminal is?

The informant

What is intelligence?

The knowledge of past, present, or future criminal activity that results from the collection of information that, when evaluated, provides the users with a basis for rational decision

Who should we investigate when a child with divorced parents go missing?

The non-custodial parent

What are the roles of the medical examiner?

The official determination regarding the death of the victim and circumstances surrounding the death is typically made my medical examiner; things like autopsy, time of death, etc are also outlined by medical examiners

What is coercion?

The use, or threat of use, of illegal physical methods to induce a suspect to make an admission or confession

Why was the Pinkerton Agency called on by the community?

They were called on by communities to handle cases that local law enforcement officers were unable to investigate due to incompetency or limited resources

Tim Burns fears for his life from an attacker. Which of the following rules must he follow in defending himself from his attacker? Tim must wait until he has actually been physically assaulted by his attacker. Tim must use only the degree of force necessary to stop his attacker. Tim is obligated to warn his attacker about the intended retaliation. Tim is obligated to first attempt to retreat from his attacker.

Tim must use only the degree of force necessary to stop his attacker

The 4th amendment prohibits which type of search and seizure?

Unreasonable

What crimes normally institute reactive responses?

Vice, organized crime, murder, robbery, burglary

What is the most important question you can ask upon arriving at the scene of a crime?

What happened?

What is entrapment?

When an undercover officer convinces a criminal suspect to commit a crime he or she was not predisposed to commit

What is the CSI effect?

When people are fascinated by the idea that science can solve crime

In the evidence-collection process, contamination of evidence occurs most commonly when evidence is not properly secured, is wrongfully mixed with other types of evidence, or is altered significantly from its original condition at the crime scene. What are the legal consequences if evidence is not handled properly?

When this occurs, the evidence is usually rendered inadmissible or "incompetent" by the court.

In which type of identification procedure does the eyewitness view all people or photos at the same time

simultaneous lineup