Criminal Justice Chapter 10

Based on the decision in McNabb v. U.S., the standard maximum time by which a first appearance should be held has been set at ____________ hours after arrest.

48

Which of the following is an exception to the hearsay rule?

A dying declaration.

What is a hung jury?

A jury that is unable to agree on a verdict.

An oral or written request asking the court to make a specified finding, decision, or order is also known as

A motion

Overall, approximately what percent of state criminal cases are resolved through plea bargaining?

Almost 95 percent.

Defendants who are given the option of deposit bail

Are required to comply with various conditions imposed by the court.

The standard of proof required for conviction in a criminal trial is

Beyond a reasonable doubt

Which of the following is not a type of juror challenge?

Challenges for knowledge.

Evidence that requires interpretation or that requires a judge or jury to draw conclusions based on what the evidence indicates is called

Circumstantial evidence

During jury selection, challenges for cause

Claim that an individual juror cannot be fair or impartial

A(n) ___________ law limits the right to bail for certain kinds of offenders.

Danger

While all of the following may occur at a first appearance, which of the following does not always occur?

Defendants are given the opportunity for bail.

The primary purpose of a criminal trial is to

Determine the guilt or innocence of a defendant

What is the earliest stage of the court process at which defendant may be given formal notice of the charges against them?

First appearance

An indictment is filed by the

Grand jury

If a grand jury is not used, the prosecutor files a(n)_________ against the accused.

Information

___________ is established only when the prosecutor presents sufficient evidence to convince the judge or jury that the defendant is guilty as charged.

Legal charge

Which of the following types of pleas is most similar to a guilty plea?

Nolo contendere

When a defendant "stands mute" at arraignment, he or she is considered to have entered a

Not guilty plea.

Joel has been sworn in as a witness in a criminal trial. When asked about the defendant's whereabouts at the time of the crime, Joel deliberately lies to give the defendant an alibi. Joel's action is known as

Perjury

release on recognizance

Permits release on the basis of a written promise to appear.

Bob cosigned all of his stock holdings to the court as collateral to ensure he would not abscond before trial. What type of bail did Bob post?

Property bond

Fingerprints and tire tracks examples of ___________ evidence.

Real

Removing the jurors from all possible outside influences is known as _____________ the jury.

Sequestering

The right to a speedy trial is guaranteed by the __________ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Sixth

American criminal trial courts operate under a structure known as

The adversarial system

If the prosecutor calls a witness to the stand, who conducts the redirect examination?

The prosecutor.

Which of the following is not a type of risk that judicial officers consider when making pretrial release decisions?

The risk to the defendant of remaining in jail until trial.

Which of the following alternative to bail does not place any money or other items at risk if the defendant fails to appear?

Third-party custody release.

What is the primary purpose of the preliminary hearing?

To give defendants the opportunity to challenge the legal basis for their detention.

Which of the following is a purpose of bail?

To prevent unconvicted suspects from suffering imprisonment unnecessarily.

Court __________ would reduce the number of jurisdictions.

Unification

When is a probable cause hearing necessary?

When the arrest was made without a warrant.