Criminal Justice chapter 2

The defining characteristic of crimes against persons is:

attack or threat of an attack

Which of the following terms refers to entering another's property with the intent to commit a felony?

burglary

Select the offenses below that are more common than motor vehicle theft in the United States

burglary and larceny

_______ ________ refers, for the most part, to neglect of or violence against children.

child abuse

Self-report studies ask respondents about their own criminal behavior, while promising:

confidentiality

Unlike the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) _____.

count only the most serious crime in an incident

Attacks or threats of an attack on a person's body constitute _____ _______ ________

crimes against persons

Attacks or threats of an attack on a person's body constitute _________ ___________ ___________

crimes against persons

Self-report surveys provide unique insight into the dark figure of crime by offering data for _____.

crimes that have not been reported to the police

The group of unreported and unrecorded crimes as revealed by crime surveys is known as the _______ ________ of crime.

dark figure

Contrary to popular belief, the rate of violent crimes committed in the United States has _____

declined considerably since 1993

Drugs that mimic the chemical makeup of particular illicit drugs are known as _________ drugs.

designer

A large number of crimes remain unknown to police and never get into a database because _____.

different police agencies have different thresholds for reporting some victims become convinced the police will not believe them so they choose to avoid what they believe is futile

True or false: Data collected by the federal government does not have the disadvantages of other crime data sources.

false

True or false: Sexual victimization is dependent on age, sex, race, and other characteristics

false

In the context of victimization survey data, identify a reason for sexual assault victims not contacting the police.

fear of retaliation

Which of the following are factors that influence victimization rates for violent crimes?

gender, age, location

In 2004, the Uniform Crime Reports stopped using the Crime Index as an indicator of criminality because _____.

it was skewed toward property crimes

In the context of homicides, killing in self defense is an example of _____.

justifiable homicide

A type of theft that includes both completed and attempted taking of cash or property from a location without attacking or threatening the victim and without obtaining permission is called ______

larceny

Which type of crime is the least harmful to victims and the most common form of victimization in the United States?

larceny

Compared to larceny and burglary, motor vehicle theft is ______, especially in urban areas.

less common

_______ is a killing in which the offender is less blameworthy than for murder; it usually carries a less severe penalty than murder.

manslaughter

In order to compile UCR data, the FBI collects information from _________ of the nation's law enforcement agencies.

nearly all

To be considered a property crime, which of the following is necessary?

no use of force

Offenses such as larceny distorted the crime total by _____

overshadowing the incidence of more serious but less frequently committed offenses.

Today, Index I crimes in the UCR are classified as either violent or _____ crimes

property

Today, Index I crimes in the UCR are classified as either violent or _______ crimes.

property

Which of the following categories of crimes do drug offenses fall under?

public order

When an offender with a weapon hands a bank teller a note that demands money in exchange for a guarantee not to hurt the teller, it is classified as ____________.

robbery

Which of the following is NOT a phase of rape trauma syndrome?

screening

The primary victim(s) of public order crimes is/are:

society in general

In the context of the crimes against children, _____ is a form of victimization of children that occurs when, over a span of time, a pupil repeatedly experiences harmful acts committed by other pupils.

student bullying

Data from the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) differ in several respects. Most importantly, _____.

the NCVS focuses on victims, whereas the UCR is primarily oriented toward criminals

A U.S. crime index compiled by the FBI and the Department of Justice that tracks detailed information about 22 categories of crime incidents and arrests is called _____.

the National Incident-Based Reporting System

The offenses classified under the Crime Index as Part I offenses are listed that way because __

they were originally considered to be the most serious crimes

Identify the principal reasons for federal attorneys' reluctance in prosecuting white-collar crime cases referred to them by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). (Check all that apply.)

they're complex, and difficult to establish intent

True or false: Under a 1990 federal law, felonies can be designated as hate crimes if they are motivated by a perpetrator's hatred of a victim's race, color, religion, national origin, ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation.

true

Which is a defining characteristic of a robbery, separating it from other theft?

use or threat of force

According to the FBI, aggravated assault involves attacking another person with the intent to commit some other felony or:

while using a deadly weapon

Any illegal or unethical act committed by a person or organization with high or respectable social status for personal or organizational gain is considered _________ -_______ crime.

white collar

Which of the following are major forms of child abuse?

Emotional maltreatment Physical abuse

According to victimization research based on individuals and their experiences of crime, what percentage of rapes are reported to police?

25%

Which of the following is a type of sexual assault perpetrated by a person whom the victim knows, or has at least seen, prior to the assault, but the two are not dating or in an intimate relationship?

Acquaintance rape

Which of the following would be considered as sexual violence?

Acquaintance rape

What is the difference between aggravated assault and assault and battery?

Assault and battery is a violent physical attack, whereas aggravated assault may involve a deadly weapon.

With the exception of larceny, which of the following is the most common serious victimization perpetrated on people living in the United States?

Burglary

Mark all of the following that are considered property crimes.

Burglary Larceny

___________ _________ served as a gauge of the state of crime in the United States and comprises of Part I offenses.

Crime Index

Which of the following statements are true of date rape drugs?

Date rape drugs are also called mind erasers. Date rape drugs are odorless and tasteless.

Which agency collects the data from the various law enforcement agencies that is ultimately reported in the UCR?

FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)

Which of the following is true of bullying?

For some children, being a bully is an early indication of later criminal behavior.

sexual victimization

Forced or coerced intimacy of any sort

sexual violence

Forced sexual penetration for the purpose of torture or terror

A young woman throws a paperweight through her office window. The paperweight hits a bystander and kills him. What crime did the woman commit?

Involuntary manslaughter

Which of the following are true of sexual assault? (Check all that apply.)

It has characteristics of both physical and sexual violence and It includes sexual violence and sexual victimization.

which are the most common date rape drugs

Ketamine Rohypnol Ecstasy

Which of the following is a major finding from the NCVS?

Less than half of all victimizations are reported to police.

According to data collected over a span of 35 years, which of the following is true about violent crime rates by gender of victims?

Males are consistently victimized at a higher rate than females.

Which of the following is a nation with a higher murder rate than the United States?

South Africa

Which of the following is a frequently used data source for estimating crime in the United States?

National Crime Victimization Survey

Self-report studies provide data gathered from whom?

Offenders

Identify the sections of the survey questionnaire for the National Crime Victimization Survey.

Personal characteristics Household screen Individual screen

Identify the sections of the survey questionnaire for the National Crime Victimization Survey. (Check all that apply.)

Personal characteristics Individual screen Household screen

Which of the following motivates about half of all hate crime convictions?

Racism

A distinguishing feature of white-collar crime is which of the following?

Requires social status

Which of the following is defined as a statistical sampling of households and individuals who have been personally targeted in specific crimes?

The National Crime Victimization Survey

Which of the following led the Department of Justice's Bureau of Crime Statistics to collaborate with the FBI to formulate the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)?

The need for more informative data than the data provided in the Uniform Crime Reports

In the context of the data on crimes against persons, which of the following is true of Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) data and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data on the reporting of individuals' experiences with crime?

The number of victimizations reported peaked in the early 1990s.

Why do many victims not report crime?

They are fearful of their offender's retaliation if they report.

Identify the true statements about crimes against morality.

They invoke questionable morals. They are ignored frequently and universally.

True or false: Self-report studies provide victim-based data for estimating the prevalence and incidence of crime in the United States.

This is false. Self-report surveys ask offenders, not victims, about their experiences with crime. They tell researchers about crimes committed by people who were never caught and crimes unknown to the police.

True or false: Despite increased public scrutiny, an enormous gap remains between the number of white-collar crimes committed and those actually brought to the attention of law enforcement. True false question.

This is true. Despite increased public scrutiny, an enormous gap remains between the number of white-collar crimes committed and those actually brought to the attention of law enforcement. Moreover, federal attorneys are reluctant to prosecute white-collar crime cases referred to them by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

What is the distinguishing difference between first-degree murder and second-degree murder?

Whether the offender planned the act in advance

The initial phase of trauma often following rapes, when the victim often experiences strong negative emotions, is called ________ phase.

acute

Murder rates in the United States rank where, globally?

among the highest