Criminal Justice Final
Most police departments require new officers to have a four year degree.
F
A document guaranteeing the appearance of a defendant in court in court as required and recording the pledge of money or property to be paid to the court if he or she does not appear is known as a(n) _________________ a.) bail bond b.) unsecured bond c.) property bond d.) signature bond
a
A formal written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury, alleging that a specified person has committed a specific offense, usually a felony, is known as _________________ a.) indictment b.) assessment c.) arraignment d.) enforcement
a
All of the following are considered professionals in the courtroom work group, EXCEPT the ________________ a.) victim b.) judge c.) defense attorney d.) prosecuting attorney
a
Courts that have the authority to review a decision made by a lower court are said to have _________________. a.) appellate jurisdiction b.) original jurisdiction c.) limited jurisdiction d.) special jurisdiction
a
Juries in most states are composed of how many members? a.) 12 b.) 23 c.) 6 d.) 8
a
One purpose of _______________ is to help ensure the reappearance of the accused at trial a.) bail b.) adjudication c.) plea d.) arraignment
a
The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that ______________ must decide the facts that lead to a death sentence a.) juries, not judges b.) high courts c.) appellate courts d.) judges, not juries
a
The federal Speedy Trial Act allows for dismissal of charges when the prosecution does not seek indictment within 30 days of arrest, or when a trial does not begin within ___________ working days after indictment. a.) 70 b.) 180 c.) 90 d.) 120
a
The information compiled, analyzed, and/or disseminated in an effort to anticipate, prevent, or monitor criminal activity is known as ____________________________ a.) criminal intelligence b.) anti-terrorism c.) police ethics d.) intelligence-led policing
a
The intentional use of a firearm or other instrument resulting in a high probability of death is known as ______________ a.) deadly force b.) excessive force c.) physical force d.) force factor
a
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the U.S. Supreme Court? a.) The U.S. Supreme Court justices serve for eight years b.) The U.S. Supreme Court is the highest federal court c.) The U.S. Supreme Court consists of nine justices d.) The U.S. Supreme Court wields immense power
a
Which of the following is NOT another name for a prosecuting attorney? a.) assigned counsel b.) solicitor c.) state's attorney d.) district attorney
a
Which of the following refers to the goal of criminal sentencing that attempts to make the victim "whole again"? a.) restoration b.) incapacitation c.) retribution d.) deterrence
a
Which of the following statements is false regarding the role of the judge in the courtroom work group? a.) The judge is responsible for presenting the state's case against he defendant b.) If a guilty verdict has been returned, the judge is responsible for imposing a sentence c.) The judge holds ultimate authority in ruling on matters of law d.) The primary duty of a judge is to ensure justice
a
Which of the following witnesses provides information about the personality, family life, business acumen, and so on of the defendant in an effort to show that this is not the kind of person who would commit the crime with which he or she is charged? a.) character witnesses b.) secure witnesses c.) eyewitnesses d.) expert witnesses
a
Who is responsible for swearing in witnesses? a.) clerk of court b.) bailiff c.) court recorder d.) judge
a
_______________ is the collection and analysis of information to produce an intelligence end product designed to inform police decision making at both the tactical and strategic levels. a.) Intelligence-led policing b.) criminal intelligence c.) bivens action d.) police ethics
a
What goal of sentencing is sometimes referred to as the "lock 'em up approach"? a.) incapacitation b.) rehabilitation c.) retribution d.) deterrence
a/c
A model of criminal punishment in which an offender is given a fixed term that may be reduced by good time is called ______________ sentencing a.) indeterminate b.) determinate c.) quasi-independent d.) mandatory
b
About how many offenses are punishable by death under federal laws? a.) 100 b.) 60 c.) 30 d.) 20
b
Criminal trials under the American system of justice are built around ______________ a.) the court system b.) an adversarial system c.) the grand jury system d.) a public defender system
b
The intentional making of false statements as part of the testimony by a sworn witness in a judicial proceeding is called _____________ a.) probative value b.) perjury c.) hearsay d.) reasonable doubt
b
The special responsibility to adhere to moral duty and obligation that is inherent in police work is known as_____________ a.) police subculture b.) police ethics c.) police working personality d.) intelligence-led policing
b
Which of the following branches of a police organization is tasked with investigating charges of wrongdoing involving members of the department? a.) civil rights b.) internal affairs c.) background investigations d.) ethics unit
b
Which of the following refers to the use of imprisonment or other means to reduce the likelihood that a particular offender will commit more crime? a.) deterrence b.) incapacitation c.) retribution d.) rehabilitation
b
Which of the following represents the order of the steps in a criminal trial? a.) jury selection, trial initiation, opening statements, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict b.) trial initiation, jury selection, opening statements, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict c.) opening statements, jury selection, presentation of evidence, trial initiation, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict d.) the judge's charge to the jury, jury selection, opening statements, trial initiation, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, jury deliberations, the verdict
b
Who keeps order in the courtroom and announces the judge's entry to the courtroom? a.) the court recorder b.) the bailiff c.) the clerk of the court d.) the court administrator
b
A jury that has been isolated from the public has been _____________ a.) challenged b.) subpoenaed c.) sequestered d.) preempted
c
A sentence of 8 to 25 years under the supervision of the state department of correction is an example of ________________ sentencing. a.) consecutive b.) concurrent c.) indeterminate d.) structured
c
Approximately what percentage of federal cases are the result of guilty pleas? a.) 10% b.) 50% c.) 90% d.) 20%
c
The lawful authority of a court to hear cases that arise within a specified geographic area or that involve particular kinds of law violations is known as ______________ a.) limited jurisdiction b.) appellate jurisdiction c.) original jurisdiction d.) special jurisdiction
c
Three-strikes laws require _______________ sentencing a.) alternative b.) indeterminate c.) mandatory d.) quasi-independent
c
What is the primary purpose of any criminal trial? a.) cooperation and communication with the police b.) recognition of informal rules of civility c.) determination of the defendant's guilty or innocence d.) instruction to meet the needs of trial judges
c
When a judge, prior to sentencing, reviews information on the background of a convicted defendant, it is called _______________ a.) a criminal history report b.) post-conviction evidence c.) a pre-sentence investigation d.) judicial choice
c
Which of the following U.S. Supreme Court cases specified the conditions under which deadly force could be used to apprehend a suspected felon? a.) Hunter v. Bryant b.) Saucier v. Katz c.) Tennessee v. Garner d.) Bivens v. Six Unknown Federal Agents
c
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of a bailiff? a.) to announce the judge's entry into the courtroom b.) to prevent the escape of the accused c.) to cross-examine witnesses d.) to ensure order in the courtroom
c
Which of the following is NOT an element of the federal deadly force policy? a.) warning shot b.) fleeing subject c.) racial bias d.) defense of life
c
Which of the following officially notifies witnesses that they are to appear in court to testify? a.) appeal b.) sentence c.) subpoena d.) bill
c
Which work group member has the responsibility of demonstrating to a jury that a defendant is guilty beyond reasonable doubt? a.) the bailiff b.) the judge c.) the prosecutor d.) the defense counsel
c
Who creates a record of all that occurs during the trial? a.) court administrator b.) clerk of court c.) court reporter d.) bailiff
c
___________ profiling is known as any police action initiated on the basis of race, ethnicity, or national origin of a suspect rather on the behavior of that individual or on information that identifies that individual as being, or having been, engaged in criminal activity. a.) Religious b.) Ethnic c.) Racial d.) Biased
c
A formal written accusation submitted to a court by a prosecutor, alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense, is known as a(n) _____________________ a.) arraignment b.) plea c.) bail d.) information
d
All of the following are outsiders to the courtroom work group, EXCEPT _____________ a.) defendants b.) victims c.) lay witness d.) bailiff
d
As of August 1, 2012, what percentage of death-row inmates in the Unites States are male? a.) 88% b.) 78% c.) 67% d.) 98%
d
Cooperating with the authorities, good character, and no prior record are examples of _______________ circumstances a.) aggravating b.) unforeseen c.) compensatory d.) mitigating
d
The application of an amount or frequency of force greater than that required to compel compliance from a willing or unwilling subject is known as ______________ a.) threat of force b.) unreasonable force c.) deadly force d.) excessive force
d
The most important form of prosecutorial discretion lies in the power to _______________ a.) test the credibility and the memory of the witness b.) handle certain matters relating to individuals declared mentally incompetent c.) serve as a judge of probate to oversee wills and the administration of estates d.) charge, or not to charge, a person with a offense
d
The role of the defense attorney does NOT include ____________ a.) testing the strength of the prosecution's case b.) appealing the conviction c.) representing the accused d.) representing the state
d
Weapons, tire tracks, and fingerprints are examples of ____________ a.) circumstantial evidence b.) real evidence c.) exculpatory evidence d.) testimonial evidence
d
What method of execution is used in most death-penalty states? a.) firing squad b.) hanging c.) electrocution d.) lethal injection
d
Which of the following is NOT a right under the Crime Victims' Rights Act to the victims of federal crimes? a.) The right to be reasonably protected from the accused b.) The right to be proceedings free from unreasonable delay c.) The right to confer with the federal prosecutor handling the case d.) The right to appeal any state or federal grant of clemency
d
Which of the following is NOT part of the "Police Use-of-Force Continuum"? a.) officer Presence b.) hard techniques c.) verbal commands d.) calculus of reasonableness
d
Which of the following is a form of structured sentencing? a.) indeterminate sentencing b.) contemporary sentencing c.) quasi-independent sentencing d.) determinate sentencing
d
A peremptory challenge allows attorneys to remove potential jurors, but he attorneys must give a reason for doing so
f
A prosecutor is absolutely immune from liability for giving legal advice to the poliuce
f
By law and judicial precedent, television cameras are permitted in all state and federal courtrooms
f
If a defendant refuses to testify at trial, the prosecution can tell the jury that this is an indication that the person is guilty
f
In some instances, state courts will hear cases involving alleged violations of federal law
f
Information compiled, analyzed, and/or disseminated in an effort to anticipate, prevent, or monitor criminal activity is known as the police subculture.
f
Most convictions, when appealed to a higher court, will be reversed
f
Most police officers whoa re shot and killed are killed in shoot-outs with three or more gunmen
f
Most research has clearly demonstrated that the death penalty can deter potential offenders form committing crime
f
Once an appeal is accepted, courts within the appellate division conduct a new trial
f
The attorney-client privilege is so strong that it is unethical for an attorney to disclose incriminating information about a client, even to prevent death or substantial bodily harm.
f
The current system to represent the indigent is always well-funded
f
The purpose of a preliminary hearing is to determine the guilt of the defendant
f
There are twelve U.S. Supreme Court justices
f
Use of excessive force and the excessive use of force CANNOT be distinguished from the illegal use of force
f
A Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) found the police chiefs strongly believe that hey can contribute to terrorism prevention by utilizing community policing networks
t
A written document describing the losses, suffering, and trauma experiences by the crime victim or by the victim's survivors is known as a victim-impact statment
t
An indigent suspect charged with a misdemeanor for which he or she could be sentences to a term of imprisonment has the constitutional right to be represented by counsel
t
At least four U.S. Supreme Court justices must vote in favor of a hearing for a case to be geard
t
Defendants have the constitutional right to represent themselves
t
Dying declarations and spontaneous statements are considered exceptions to the hearsay rule
t
Exculpatory evidence is define as any information having a tendency to clear a person of guilt or blame
t
Inequities arise when offenders with vastly different financial resources are fined similar amounts
t
Information about a defendant's background often comes to the judge in the form of a pre-sentence investigation (PSI) report
t
Less-lethal weapons are those that are designed to disable, capture, or immobilize a suspect rather then kill him or her.
t
Many federal law enforcement agencies require college degrees for entry-level positions
t
Peremptory challenges are limited in number
t
Plea bargaining in a process of negotiation that usually involves the defendant, the prosecutor, and the defense counsel and id founded on the mutual interests of all involved
t
Profiling was originally intended to help catch drug couriers attempting to enter the country.
t
Prosectuors are required to assist the defense in building its case by making available any evidence in their possession
t
The Missouri Plan for judicial selection combines elements of both election and appointment
t
The adversarial system is the two-sided structure under which American criminal trial courts operate that pits the prosecution against the defense
t
The supreme Court gives qualified immunity to officers to protect them from law suits if the officers believe their actions were lawful based in the information that possessed at the time
t
The two types of courts that function in the American criminal justice system are the state courts and the federal courts
t