Criminology Final
a judge
A preliminary hearing takes place in front of whom?
whether to investigate the crime
After a crime has been reported, what is one of the first decisions that the police have to make?
a telephone call to the offender's home
An example of a passive electronic monitoring system is which of the following?
9
Counting the Chief Justice and the Associate Justices, how many individuals make up the Supreme Court?
prohibition
During what period of time did organized crime in the United States gain power and become more coordinated?
company funds
Embezzlement is the theft of what?
community service
Having to serve meals to the homeless would be an example of which type of punishment?
5-9
How many judges are there on state supreme courts?
17
In juvenile courts, the upper age limit is always which age or younger?
90%
Men make up about what percentage of prisoners in the United States?
community policing
Neighborhood Watch is an example of what type of policing?
$20,000
On average, how much does it take to incarcerate a prisoner in the U.S. for one year?
Reduce the demand for the goods and services that it provides
Scholars have argued that what is the best way to control organized crime?
23
Since 1900, about how many people have been executed by the state who have probably or certainly been innocent of the crime they were convicted for?
the administration of justice
The Wickersham Report studied what?
200
The average caseload for a probation officer is about how many cases?
crime scholars
The criminal justice system does NOT include which of the following?
the death penalty
The most extreme form of incapacitation is which of the following?
reducing crime
The most important feature of the crime control model is what?
false
True or False All crimes are investigated by the police.
False
True or False All criminal cases must go through all of the stages of the criminal case process.
false
True or False An example of police-community relations programs is Neighborhood Watch.
true
True or False Antitrust laws make the restraint of trade illegal.
false
True or False Anyone can be a police officer and handle the job.
true
True or False At the heart of the police subculture is the obligation of support and loyalty to other police officers.
false
True or False Criminologists have always been more interested in white-collar crimes than in street crimes.
true
True or False General deterrence is the idea that if people see the punishments given to offenders that they will be less likely to commit crimes themselves.
false
True or False In 2015, the number of products recalled was under 100 in the United States.
true
True or False In the United States, the cost of the correctional system is over $34 billion dollars each year.
false
True or False Italian Americans are the only ethnic group involved in organized crime.
true
True or False Jails are facilities that hold individuals for up to one year and are administered by local official
false
True or False Jails never hold more than 1,000 prisoners.
false
True or False Manner restrictions regulate the mode of individual expression. Not every form of expression requires use of the written or spoken word. Some of the most visceral impressions are made by Symbolic Speech.
true
True or False Many states exclude certain crimes from being tried in the juvenile courts.
true
True or False Most people who embezzle money act alone and do so without the knowledge of other people.
false
True or False Police departments are seeing decreasing numbers of minority and female recruits.
false
True or False Probation results in recidivism or repeated crime rates that are under 5 percent.
true
True or False Some estimates indicate that corporate crime may cost society more than $389 billion dollars each year.
false
True or False Studies show that the death penalty deters people from committing crimes.
false
True or False The U.S. Supreme Court hears about 2,000 cases each year.
true
True or False The defendant has the option of a trial by jury or by judge
true
True or False The number of individuals sentenced to probation is about four times as many as those sentenced to prison.
true
True or False The process of selecting the jury is called voir dire.
false
True or false Street crimes cost society more financially than corporate crimes.
occupational crimes
What are crimes committed by an individual for personal gain and profit during the course of their occupation?
entry into the system
What is the first stage in the criminal case process called?
drug cases
What is the largest category of cases handled by the federal district courts?
security
What is the main aim of all prisons and jails?
marijuana
What is the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States?
46%
What percentage of Americans has tried an illegal drug at some point in their life?
exclusionary rule
What prohibits the use of evidence in a criminal case that has been gathered illegally?
maximum security prison
What type of prison is one with high walls and gun towers surrounding the prison?
Decommissioned ships used to hold offenders
What were prison hulks?
the president
Who appoints individuals to the position of Chief Justice or Associate Justices in the Supreme Court?
victims
Who are the first "gatekeepers" of the criminal justice system?
Edwin Sutherland
Who coined the term "white-collar crime"?
Justice of the Peace
Who oversees courts of limited jurisdiction?
true
true or false Most illegal drug use has declined since the 1970s in the United States.
true
true or false Some scholars argue that the criminal justice system helps teach morality in society.
A unique vocabulary used by prisoners
what is prison argot?
