crustal deformation test 2

Dip will always be 90° away from strike.

true

For the fault indicated in the figure below, which side is the hanging wall?

A is the hanging wall, It's the one on the top of the fault, the one farther down

How does a monocline form?

A monocline forms when sedimentary rocks drape above a fault

The Black Hills of South Dakota are a large dome that has been deeply eroded. Where would you find the youngest exposed rocks associated with the dome?

Along the outside edges of the dome

How is brittle deformation different from ductile deformation?

Brittle deformation produces joints and faults while ductile deformation produces folds and elongate structures

Reverse faults are associated with

Compressional stress that characterize convergent boundaries

Match the type of stress to the correct definition. Tension

Forces pull apart from each other

Match the type of stress to the correct definition. Shear

Forces slide past each other

Which of the following make it more likely that a rock will bend instead of breaking?

High confining pressure, high temperature, weak chemical bonds

What is the difference between "joints" and "faults" in rocks?

Joints are fractures that form due to brittle expansion or stretching of ricks while faults are fractures where the rocks on one side have moved relative to the other side due to many different types of stresses

Match the type of stress to the correct definition. Compression

Match the type of stress to the correct definition. Compression

What type of fault is shown in the figure?

Normal fault—hanging wall figure (moves down)

Faults that exhibit both dip-slip and strike slip movement are called ________ faults.

Oblique-slip

Which of the following best describes the age relationship of the layers in an anticline?

Oldest on the inside of the fold, youngest on the outside

You could recognize a normal fault in the geologic record because normal faults always

Place younger rocks on older rock layers

A(n) ________ fold has limbs that are tilted beyond the vertical to the point that the axial plane is horizontal.

Recumbent

Match the deformation with the correct definition. Elastic Deformation

Rocks will change shape due to pressure, but return to their original state when pressure is released

Match the deformation with the correct definition. Ductile Deformation

Rocks will change shape permanently due to pressure

Match the deformation with the correct definition. Brittle Deformation

Rocks will shatter due to pressure

If you drilled a hole through a reverse fault, you would observe that

Some layers above the fault are repeated below the fault

The relationship between stress and strain is

That strain is the result of stress

How will the outcrop pattern of a plunging syncline be oriented?

The layers will open up in the direction of plunge

What happens to normal faults, particularly in the western United States, as they get deeper?

They get flatter and curve into a detachment that separates the ductile deeper crust from the brittle upper crust

A ________ is a circular fold where the youngest layers are in the middle and the oldest layers are on the outside.

basin

Which tectonic boundary is associated with compressional stress?

convergent

________ refers to the changes in shape or position of a rock body in response to differential stress.

deformation

________ is the angle of inclination of the surface of a rock unit measured from a horizontal plane.

dip

Which tectonic boundary would have many normal faults associated with it?

divergent

When stress is gradually applied to rocks, the rocks are subject to ___ deformation

elastic

Shearing produced fault zones in the deep crust and folding in the upper crust.

false

The geological structures of a region will influence the topography of a region.

false

For the fault is shown in this figure below, how is the region changed or deformed?

it gets longer

A ________ fault is created when the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall.

reverse

If I draw a line connecting two nearby points of equal elevation on aa incline layer the orientation of that line would be called the ___ direction

strike

_______ is the compass direction of the line produced by the intersection of an inclined rock layer with a horizontal plane.

strike