CS Chapter 11

Tools such as Microsoft's ____ help to bridge different platforms and programming languages.

.NET framework

____ is a broad term to describe creating and managing an application throughout its entire life cycle—from design through coding and testing, to maintenance, and, eventually, to retirement.

Application lifecycle management (ALM)

____ takes the idea of breaking down a program into separate and reusable functions to the next level by focusing on the encapsulation of programming policies.

Aspect-oriented programming (AOP)

____ versions of freeware and open source software are often available to the public for testing.

BETA

____ values are values that represent one of two states—yes (true) or no (false).

Boolean

With about 85% of all business transactions being processed by ____ and about 200 billion lines of ____ code still in use today, knowing ____ could set an IT job applicant apart from the crowd..

COBOL

____ are notes within the actual program code that identify key features and steps of the program but that are written in such a way that the computer knows to ignore them when the program is executed.

Comments

A scripting language is a type of language that uses symbols or tags to describe what a document should look like.

False

A selection control structure is simply a series of statements that follow one another.

False

C is an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems.

False

Low-level languages make programs easier to write.

False

Markup languages are most often used to add dynamic content to a Web page or to integrate a Web page with a database.

False

One or more rounds of outside tests for programs created for mass distribution are referred to as alpha tests

False

Structure charts are used to illustrate the step-by-step logic that is to take place within a program, module, or method.

False

The repetition control structure is also called the selection control structure.

False

The three most common types of language translators are compilers, interpreters, and coders.

False

With most programs, compiling or interpreting a program for the first time will result in errors, and the assembling process consists of locating and correcting these errors.

False

With the do until structure, the statements in the loop are repeated as long as a certain condition is true.

False

The specifications for ____ are developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and are continually evolving.

HTML

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions Case 13-2 Kelly is a college sophomore majoring in computer science. She is interested in gaining exposure to the most useful and current programming languages and techniques. One of the languages that Kelley is learning is ____, an object-oriented programming language that is commonly used to write Web applications.

Java

____ is the language used by students taking the Advanced Placement (AP) Computer Science exam.

Java

____ was developed to enable Web authors to implement interactive content on Web sites, such as to animate an item, or pop up a window to point to an item.

JavaScript

The first official recorded use of the word "bug" in the context of computing is associated with the temporary failure of the ____ computer.

Mark II

____ are most often used to create Web pages and Web applications.

Markup languages

The UML standards are developed by the ____.

OMG

The documentation resulting from the design phase of the ____ is a set of design specifications that illustrates the program needed to fulfill the program requirements.

PDLC

____ was created to fill the need for a teaching tool to encourage structured programming.

Pascal

High-level object-oriented programming languages include C++, C#, Java, Dart, and ____.

Python

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions Case 13-1 The Rainbow Trout Company specializes in developing software that is used by amateur and professional fishermen with a wide variety of needs. As such, the company often work on projects with constantly changing requirements. The Rainbow Trout Company maintains a database of clients. To search through this database, they use ____, a 4GL.

SQL

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions Case 13-2 Kelly is a college sophomore majoring in computer science. She is interested in gaining exposure to the most useful and current programming languages and techniques. During the summer, Kelly will be writing a compiler as part of a research project. To prepare, she is learning ____, a functional language.

Scheme

A program bug is an error that causes a program to malfunction.

True

A(n) macro is a sequence of saved actions (such as keystrokes, mouse clicks, and menu selections) that can be replayed whenever needed within the application program in which it was created.

True

Before running code written in any programming language, be sure you know how to interrupt program execution in case you have a logic error and the program becomes stuck in an endless loop.

True

Comments are usually preceded by a specific symbol.

True

Fourth-generation languages are commonly used today to access databases.

True

If an application is going to need to interact with existing programs, it may need to be coded in the same language as those other programs.

True

It is important to realize that with a markup language like HTML, the Web browser, Web browser settings, and device used to display the Web page ultimately determine what the Web page will look like.

True

Java programs are compiled into a format called bytecode.

True

Java source code cannot be converted into object code using a Python compiler.

True

Once the system containing the program is up and running, the implementation process of the program implementation and maintenance phase is complete.

True

One of the most recent adaptive software development approaches is agile software development (ASD).

True

One property that makes 4GLs easier to use is that they are declarative, rather than procedural like third-generation languages.

True

Procedures are small sections of program code also called modules or subprograms.

True

Pseudocode expresses the steps in a program, module, or method, but it uses English-like statements in place of the flowchart's graphical symbols.

True

Sometimes ​run time errors occur because the program tries to do something that isn't possible, such as dividing a numeric value by zero.

True

Structured programming embodies a top-down design philosophy.

True

There are no standard XML tags.

True

To use a macro recorder, you start the macro recorder and then perform the desired tasks—the macro recorder records all of the keystrokes and mouse clicks you make until the recorder is turned off.

True

User documentation normally consists of a user's manual containing instructions for running the program, a description of software commands, and so forth.

True

While COBOL is not inherently suited to developing interactive applications or cloud software, new versions of COBOL are evolving to support new applications.

True

With logic errors, the program will run but the output will be wrong.

True

____ create the menus, forms, and input screens used with a program or database.

User interface (UI) builders

____ is a set of rules for exchanging data over the Web.

XML

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions Case 13-1 The Rainbow Trout Company specializes in developing software that is used by amateur and professional fishermen with a wide variety of needs. As such, the company often work on projects with constantly changing requirements. The Rainbow Trout Company uses the ____ approach, which organizes teams of people working closely together so that continuous learning and adaptation can occur as the project is developed.

agile software development

In the program design phase of the PDLC, the specifications developed during the problem analysis phase are used to develop a(n) ____ for the program.

algorithm

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions Case 13-1 The Rainbow Trout Company specializes in developing software that is used by amateur and professional fishermen with a wide variety of needs. As such, the company often work on projects with constantly changing requirements. To allow everyone, not just the original programmer, to understand the source code of a program, the Rainbow Trout Company follows a set of ____—a list of rules designed to standardize programming styles.

coding standards

A ____ is designed for a specific programming language and translates programs written in that language into machine language so they can be executed.

compiler

In a(n) ____ check, the programmer "walks" through the program design, keeping track of the values of any loop counters and other variables in a tracing table to ensure the program does what it is intended to do.

desk

With the ____, the statements in the loop are repeated as long as a certain condition is false.

do until structure

Program ____ use graphical symbols and relational operators (such as < for "less than" and = for "equal to") to portray the sequence of steps needed to fulfill the logic in that program, module, or method.

flowcharts

When ____ occur during preliminary debugging, dummy print statements—statements that are temporarily inserted into the code to display status information on the screen—can be used to help locate the error.

logic errors

The earliest programming languages are referred to as ____.

low-level languages

Two of the most significant approaches to programming are procedural programming and ____.

object-oriented programming

With a ____, the direction that the program control takes depends on the results of a certain condition.

selection control structure

A(n) ____ occurs when the programmer has not followed the proper rules of the programming language being used.

syntax error

In a computer program, ____ are named memory locations that are defined for that particular program and are used to store the current value of data items used in the program.

variables

Fourth-generation languages (4GLs) are sometimes called ____.

very high-level languages