csd 425 exam 3 pre/post class quizzes
One way to reduce experimenter bias, expectation bias, and Hawthorne effects when designing studies that test the effectiveness of a new therapy is... a. To implement double-blinded designs b. To make sure the paper is submitted to a peer review journal c. To disclose conflict of interests
.a
True or false: Due to the wide variability of results, the authors discussed that there were no future studies that needed to be conducted on the population.
False
True or false: English language learners with hearing loss (i.e., children that speak a language other than English at home) are estimated to constitute less than 5% of the school-aged children in the United States.
False
True or false: Evidence-based practices are well-established when working with multilingual children with HL.
False
True or false: ITDs and ILDs are preserved in RM systems.
False
True or false: In the school setting, the school's SLP is the professional in charge of making all decisions regarding intervention and services received by children with hearing loss.
False
True or false: Minimal hearing loss usually means inconsequential effects on communication and academic outcomes.
False
True or false: Most children with minimal hearing loss receive hearing amplification at an early age.
False
True or false: There is strong evidence showing that multilingualism has a negative impact on children's spoken language development, including children with hearing loss.
False
True or false: There is strong evidence to support that CAPD is a unique and distinct clinical disorder.
False
True or false: According to the article, abnormal cortical processing of auditory stimuli is one of the deficits in autism.
True
True or false: Alerting devices use amplified sound, light, and/or vibrations to make the individual with hearing loss aware of an event occurring in her/his auditory environment.
True
True or false: Bilingual children with hearing loss that receive dual-language support tend to have better language skills in English than those that receive services only in English.
True
True or false: Children with additional disabilities are more likely to experience delays in hearing loss identification and intervention than children with no additional disabilities.
True
True or false: Children with hearing loss and multiple disabilities are more likely than their typically developing peers to require physiologic hearing testing (e.g., ABRs) to define the type and degree of hearing loss.
True
True or false: Children with hearing loss are at risk of struggling with socio-emotional development and having lower levels of self-perceived social acceptance than their peers with typical hearing. For that reason, the school is responsible for providing support in this area of development to these children.
True
True or false: Children with minimal hearing loss are at risk of poor psychosocial outcomes, including dysfunction in the classroom setting and low self-esteem.
True
True or false: IDEA states that the school is responsible for ensuring that children with hearing loss wear appropriate amplification throughout the school day.
True
True or false: If the IEP states that a child with HL must use an assistive listening device in the school setting, the school district must provide it at no cost to the child's family.
True
True or false: In general, hearing assistance technology improve access to speech in noisy environments for individuals with hearing loss.
True
True or false: Otitis media and conductive hearing loss are usually chronic in children with Down Syndrome.
True
True or false: The researchers hypothesize a possible cause for the variability in the MMN responses could have been caused by a range of IQ difference in the participants.
True
The main difference between mainstreaming and inclusive classrooms is: a. Mainstreaming implies that the child with HL has to adapt to the classroom, whereas inclusion implies that the class has to adapt to the child b. Mainstreaming implies that the classroom has to adapt to the child with HL, whereas inclusion implies that the child has to adapt to the classroom c. Mainstreaming and inclusion are the same
a
The most prevalent form of cytomegalovirus in newborns is... a. Asymptomatic b. Symptomatic
a
When a study does not present conflicting information with the treatment proposed, we can see that as a sign of... a. Red flag (problematic for the effectiveness of treatment) b. Green flag (supports the effectiveness of treatment) c. It does not really matter as long as the study is well-conducted
a
When reading an article that presents a new treatment for children, we generally want to see... a. That the research questions, hypotheses, analyses, and results are related to one another b. Many self-citations c. Complicated statistical analyses d. That the authors explain clearly what other populations of children could benefit from the treatment
a
Which model of bilingual language acquisition is supported by recent findings in children with hearing loss: a. Common Underlying Proficiency Model b. Interactive Underlying Proficiency Model c. Separate Underlying Proficiency Model
a
Which of the following factors might be problematic for children with hearing loss even when they perform at an age-appropriate level academically: a. Listening effort and fatigue b. Language development c. Failing a school grade
a
Which of the following is NOT true about audiological management in children with minimal hearing loss... a. It is pretty straightforward to figure out which children need amplification and which children do not b. Monitoring the child's progress is important c. Management should be provided on a case-by-case basis d. Some of them might benefit from just acoustic environment modification (e.g., preferential seating)
a
Which of the following is NOT true about auditory integration therapies: a. They are not used anymore today b. They are music filtered as a treatment c. Assume that a completely flat audiogram is desirable clinically d. They were "invented" by Dr. Guy Berard
a
Which of the following is TRUE about CROS hearing aids? a. They are not recommended unless the child is able to avoid situations in which noise is reaching the hearing aid transmitter (e.g., bad ear) b. They are recommended for bilateral hearing loss c. They are the best option for unilateral hearing losses
a
Which of the following is true about children with minimal hearing loss: a. They are at risk of failing at least one school grade b. They show very similar learning profiles (e.g., they all tend to struggle academically) c. Their performance on speech perception in noise task is equivalent to their peers with normal hearing
a
Which of the following statements is NOT true: a. All children with HL receive an IEP b. IEPs include a description of the child's needs as well as goals and objectives c. Only children with HL experiencing speech and language difficulties will likely receive an IEP
a
Personal systems that can be used in the classroom to improve the speech-to-noise ratio to the student with hearing loss or auditory attention deficits include: a. Frequency-modulated (FM) systems b. Digital modulation (DM) systems c. Soundfield systems d. Classroom audio distributor systems
a, b
Connecting hearing aids/cochlear implants to the FM/DM system can be accomplished in which of the following ways (mark all that apply): a. Audio shoe/boot b. Integrated FM/DM system c. Neckloop receiver d. None of the above
a, b, c
Technology that might be beneficial for children with unilateral hearing loss include (mark all that apply): a. Hearing aid b. FM systems (also called RM systems) c. CROS hearing aid d. Bilateral BAHAs
a, b, c
In children with bilateral minimal hearing loss, which of the following scenarios seems to be preferable when fitting an RM system: a. RM systems should be avoided in children with minimal hearing loss b. Fitting the child with the RM system monoaurally c. Fitting the child with the RM system bilaterally
b
One possible limitation associated with RM system use in the home is... a. The child does not need to rely on visual cues to communicate b. The child hears speech that is disruptive c. The child has more opportunities to practice listening to speech in noise
b
What percentage of children with Down Syndrome have hearing loss? a. 100% b. ~80% c. <1% d. <20%
b
In children with bilateral minimal hearing loss, hearing aids might be detrimental when... (mark all that apply): a. RM systems are used simultaneously b. The hearing aid's circuit noise overrides the amplification provided c. The child is over-amplified before perceiving any benefit from the amplification d. The child has normal language development
b, c
Factors that explain language variability in multilingual children with HL include (mark all that apply): a. Whether or not they use sign language b. Language and literacy skills in each language of family members c. Age of exposure to each language d. Language/s of literacy e. Age of amplification f. Degree of hearing loss
b, c, d, e, f
According to the article by Sokhadze et. al, autism is defined as a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by deficits in ________ (select all that apply). a. Walking b. Social interaction c. Language d. Selective listening e. Restricted range of interest
b, c, e
In which of the following cases cochlear implants could be beneficial for a child with auditory neuropathy (mark all that apply): a. Auditory nerve absence b. Auditory nerve pre-synaptic lesion c. Auditory nerve post-synaptic lesion d. Auditory nerve synaptic lesion
b, d
AIT, which stands for ______________, is used to reduce sound sensitivity and related auditory problems for children with ASD.
auditory integration training
From the results of the surveys, it was found that there was a significant ____________ in challenging behaviors from the participants. a. Increase b. Decrease
b
Not providing classroom accommodations oriented to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio for the child with hearing loss might... a. Not have any consequences if the child is already used to it b. Be beneficial for the development of speech-in-noise skills (i.e., the child has to practice listening in noise) c. Increase the child's listening effort and fatigue
c
One possible strategy to foster spoken language development in bilingual or multilingual children with HL is: a. Using only one language to communicate with the child b. Making sure sign language is part of the child's toolkit c. Supporting the home language
c
The ASHA position on Auditory Integration Therapy (AIT) states that... a. AIT should be used clinically b. AIT should never be used c. AIT should only be used for research purposes
c
Variability/heterogeneity in language outcomes in multilingual children with hearing loss is ________________ monolingual children with hearing loss. a. Smaller than b. Larger than c. Similar to
c
Which of the following is true about cytomegalovirus (CMV) and hearing loss? (mark all that apply) a. Hearing loss is only present in symptomatic cases b. When hearing loss is diagnosed, there is always some additional disability present c. CMV is the leading cause of non-genetic SNHL d. Progressive hearing loss is common e. Profound hearing losses are rare
c, d
Which of the following syndromes are associated with visual impairment AND hearing loss? (mark all that apply): a. Fragile X syndrome b. Down syndrome c. Charge syndrome d. Usher syndrome
c, d
The two most prevalent conditions that co-occur with hearing loss are: a. Cerebral palsy b. Emotional disturbance c. Learning disabilities d. Visual impairment d. Attention disorders e. Intellectual disabilities
c, e
Assistive technologies for sound enhancement include: a. TV amplification b. Closed captioning c. Telephone amplifiers d. Lesson capture devices e. All of the above
e
Which of the following CANNOT be used with an FM/DM device: a. Hearing aid b. Cochlear implant c. BAHA d. Earphone/earbud e. Desktop/tabletop speaker f. Ear-level assistive listening device g. Television
g
FM/DM systems include a microphone, signal transmission modality, and a... a. Receiver b. Hearing aid (always) c. Telecoil d. Digital processor
a
In Auditory Neuropathy diagnosis, OAEs are ___________ while ABRs are ___________. a. Present, absent b. Absent, present c. Present, present d. Absent, absent
a
In children with single-sided deafness cochlear implants seem to provide best outcomes when... a. Children are implanted quickly after the onset of hearing loss b. Children lose their hearing before learning to talk c. Children are implanted after five years of age
a
One difference between DM and FM systems is: a. DM do not require specific programming channels (interference is not a problem) b. FM system audio signals are digitized c. FM systems work with hearing aids, while DM systems work with cochlear implants
a
Some helpful strategies that teachers can use to overcome the negative effects of noise in the classroom include (mark all that apply): a. Encourage all students to minimize noise b. Using visual aids c. Avoid group discussion because noise levels are likely to increase d. Ensuring that the child with HL has preferential seating e. Elevate the voice as much as possible when noise is present f. Facing students when talking and avoid covering one's mouth
a, b, d, f
Some strategies to minimize the level of noise and reverberation in the classroom setting include (mark all that apply): a. Hanging acoustical panels on the classroom walls b. Removing the hearing device when the noise is bothering the child c. Installing carpeting on the floor
a, c
Technology that might be beneficial for children with mild bilateral hearing loss (mark all that apply): a. Hearing aids b. Cochlear implants c. FM systems (also called RM systems) d. BAHA e. CROS hearing aids
a, c
The limitations of the study were: (mark all that apply) a. No placebo control group b. Behavior difference in the children c. Reported only mean values of results
a, c
An aural rehabilitation intervention strategy in the school setting may cover the following areas (mark all that apply): a. Amplification and assistive devices b. Reevaluation of communication mode c. Classroom acoustics d. Speech, language, and literacy
a, c, d
In the school setting, the SLP may perform any of the following functions when providing services to children with hearing loss (mark all that apply): a. Maintain active communication with other professionals and parents b. Provide clinical counseling to families c. Perform visual inspection and listening checks of amplification devices d. Evaluate speech and language performance e. Provide auditory verbal therapy f. Evaluate literacy skills
a, c, d, f
Minimal hearing loss is an umbrella term used to capture which of the following hearing loss profiles (mark all that apply: a. Bilateral SNHL with avg. pure tone thresholds between 20-40 dB in both ears b. Low-frequency SNHL with air conduction thresholds >25 dB at two or more frequencies below 1 kHz in one or both ears c. Conductive hearing loss bilaterally d. High-frequency SNHL with air conduction thresholds >25 dB at two or more frequencies above 2 kHz in one or both ears e. Unilateral SNHL
a, d, e
Based on the evidence, which of the following interventions should be recommended for children diagnosed with CAPD? a. Hearing aids b. Computer-based auditory training c. Environmental modifications (e.g., reducing noise in the classroom)
c
Hearing loss can be, in some cases, underlying behaviors that are associated with: a. Neurodevelopmental disorders b. Learning disabilities c. Attention disorder
c
What differences do we observe in terms of clinical recommendations received by bilingual families with children with HL today from those received by families 20 years ago? a. No differences are observed. Clinicians today continue recommending families to use only English and ASL in the home b. Families today are strongly encouraged to use their home language whereas 20 years ago they were encouraged to use only English with support of ASL c. Unlike twenty years ago, families today are not discouraged to use their home language
c
What is TRUE about bilingual children with hearing loss? a. They maintain the home language at a similar pace as their bilingual peers with normal hearing b. Variability in outcomes is larger than in their monolingual peers with HL c. Clinicians report that they encounter many children that have not developed language skills at an old age
c
What is true about hearing loss in children: a. It is easy to test in children with additional disabilities b. It rarely occurs in children with Down syndrome c. Behavioral and learning styles can be mistaken with attention disorders
c
What's TRUE about hearing evaluation and intervention in children with multiple disabilities: a. Hearing aid fitting should be performed only when all the audiological information is available b. Behavioral hearing assessments are too difficult to perform to even try c. Audiological testing can be performed in the operating room while the child is having surgery to treat other conditions
c
Which of the following are signs of a pseudotherapy (mark all that apply): a. There are many contradictory findings b. Evidence relies primarily on large scale studies c. Concepts and theory do not align with prior knowledge d. It is announced as effective for a variety of disabilities
c, d
Which of the following areas of development does not seem to be particularly problematic for children with minimal hearing loss: a. Academic outcomes b. Listening in noise c. Psychosocial d. Speech and language
d