CSD HardCore
The memory address of fifth element of an array can be calculated by the formula
LOC(Array[5]=Base(Array)+w(5-lower bound), where w is the number of words per memory cell for the array
Explain LIFO
Last-In-First-Out. A stack is a LIFO storage mechanism because the last item inserted is the first one to be removed.
Each entry in a linked list is called a
Link
Each entry in a linked list is called a _______
Link
Which one of the following is an application of Stack Data Structure?
Managing function calls, The stock span problem, Arithmetic expression evaluation.
Which of the following expressions evaluates to true with approximate probability equal to P? (P is double and 0 <= P <= 1).
Math.random() < P
Which of the following sorting algorithm is of divide and conquer type?
Merge sort
Whatever you can do to manipulate the data storage structure becomes our:
Methods.
A recursive method is a method that invokes itself directly or indirectly. For a recursive method to terminate there must be one or more base cases.
Most Correct
Select the statement that is most correct. Which of the following applications may use a queue?
Multi-programming
which following applications may use a queue?
Multi-programming
Which of the following data structure is non-linear type?
None of above
Which of the following data structure is non-linear type?
None of string,list,stack
In the array version of the Stack class, which operations require linear time for their worst-case behavior?
None of these operations require linear time.
In the circular array version of the Queue class, which operations require linear time for their worst-case behavior?
None of these operations require linear time.
In the linked-list version of the Stack class, which operations require linear time for their worst-case behavior?
None of these operations require linear time.
Which of the following case does not exist in complexity theory
Null case
The complexity of linear search algorithm is
O(n)
order is the best possible for array sorting algorithm which sorts n item.
O(n+logn)
The complexity of Bubble sort algorithm is
O(n2)
The complexity of bubble sort algorithm is
O(n2)
specify the correct implementation of pop() method of a stack. this stack uses java.util.ArrayList for storing data and the end of the list is treated as the top of the stack.
Object pop(){if(isEmpty())return(null);return(pool.remove(pool.size()-1));}
To evaluate an expression without any embedded function calls:
One stack is enough.
I have implemented the queue with a linked list, keeping track of a front node and a rear node with two reference variables. Which of these reference variables will change during an insertion into a NONEMPTY queue?
Only rear changes
A variable P is called pointer if
P contains the address of an element in DATA
A variable P is called pointer if
P contains the address of an element in DATA.
What is the "push"?
Placing a data item on top of the stack.
What are the pros and cons of using a priority queue implemented by a simple array?
Pro: Simple and appropriate when the # of items isn't high or insertion speed isn't critical.
One difference between a queue and a stack is:
Queues use two ends of the structure; stacks use only one.
bitRadixsort() can be improved by implementing array , One of techniquesradix sort uses is by looking at each
Radix sort
is the method used by card sorter.
Radix sort
Which of the following data structure store the non-homogeneous data elements?
Records
An algorithm that calls itself directly or indirectly is known as
Recursion
What is "popping"?
Removing a data item from the top of the stack.
Which operation is used in DSW Algorithm:
Rotation
Specify the reason for data compression (select the best answer):
Saving data storage
Each data item in a record may be a group item composed of sub-items; those items which are indecomposable are called
Scalars, atoms, elementary items
Finding the location of the element with a given value is
Search
Finding the location of the element with a given value is:
Search
If the number of records to be sorted is small, then...sorting can be efficient.
Selection
Which of the following sorting algorithm is of priority queue sorting type?
Selection sort
Elements of an array are stored _______ in memory
Sequentially
Elements of an array are stored in memory
Sequentially
In a _____every element contains some data and a link to the next element, which allows to keep the structure
Singly linked list
What is the value of the postfix expression 6 3 2 4 + - *:
Something between -15 and -100
_________ is the way you groups things together by placing one thing on top of another and then removing things one at a time from the top
Stack
is the way you groups things together by placing one thing on top of another and then removing things one at a time from the top
Stack
Pushdown list means:
Stack , Queue, Linked list
which of the following applications may use a queue
Store a waiting list of printing
Select the statement that is most correct.Which of the following applications may use a stack?
Store a waiting list of printing jobs
Which of the following applications may use a stack?
Store a waiting list of printing jobs
In a singly-linked list, these is no efficient way to insert node before a given node in the middle or at the end of the list
T
Select the most correct statement about the complexity of bubble sort *
The best case is 0(n). and the worst case is 0(n~2)
Select the most correct statement about the complexity of insertion sort
The best case is 0(n). and the worst case is 0(n~2)
Select the most conect statement about the complexify of insertion sort
The best case is 0(nlogn). and the worst case is 0(n~2)
Select the most correct statement about the complexity of merge sort
The best case is O(n^2), and The worst case is O(nlogn)
Select the most correct statement about the complexity of insertion sort
The best case is O(nlogn), and the worst case is O(n^2)
When converting a method from a recursive version into an iterative version
The brevity of program formulation lost. However, the brevity may not bean issue in Java , Program clarity can be diminished
Consider the implementation of the Queue using a circular array. What goes wrong if we try to keep all the items at the front of a partially-filled array (so that data[0] is always the front).
The getFront method would require linear time.
In the linked list version of the Bag class an instance variable manyNodes is used to keep track of how long the linked list is. Why not just make a call to the IntNode method listLength()?
The listLength() method is O(n) and the alternative is O(1).
void fun(int n){if(n>0) {System.out.print(" "+ n%5); fun(n); } } What will happen if the statement fun(33): is run?
The operating system detects the infinite recursion because of the "repeated state"
Suppose that obj is an Object variable and that it refers to an Integer object. If s is a String variable, then which statement is correct about the assignment "s = (String) obj;"?
The statement will compile, but there will be a run-time exception.
Consider the binary tree below. Which statement is correct?
The tree is full but not complete.
Consider the binary tree below. Which statement is correct? (full binary tree = proper binary tree = 2-tree)
The tree is neither complete nor full.
Entries in a stack are "ordered". What is the meaning of this statement?
There is a first entry, a second entry, and so on.
Which of the following is not the required condition for binary search algorithm?
There must be mechanism to delete and/or insert elements in list
What happens to non delimiter characters?
They are not inserted onto the stack; they are ignored.
In a binary tree, certain null entries are replaced by special pointers which point to nodes higher in the tree for efficiency. These special pointers are called
Thread
What is written to the screen for the input "HowAre**YouTo***Day" ?
ToDay
The operation of processing each element in the list is known as
Traversal
Which of the following methods are used to traverse a tree without using anystack or threads:
Traversal through tree Transformation
To represent hierarchical relationship between elements, which data structure is suitable
Tree
To represent hierarchical relationship between elements, which data structure is suitable?
Tree
Which of the following data structure is non linear data structure?
Trees
A recursive method is a method that invokes itself directly or indirectly. For a recursive method to terminate there must be one or more base cases
True
An object can be saved in a life if its class type is stated, If the vectors capacity is greater than its size, then a new elem
True
Arrays are dense lists and static data structure
True
For a binary tree with n nodes, there are n! different traversals, The complexity of searching depends on the shape of the tree and the,Breath-First traversal
True
If hash function transforms different keys into different numbers, it iscalled a perfect hash function
True
In Huffman coding, both the sender and receiver must have a copy of the same code in order for the decoded file to match the encoded file.
True
In a linked list, the tail node is introduced for performance purpose only.
True
In a singly-linked list every element contains some data and a link to the next element, which allows to keep the structure
True
In a singly-linked list there is no efficient way to insert a node before a given node in the middle of the list (the action is considered efficient if it's complexity is 0(1)).
True
In a singly-linked list we can insert a node after a given node with time complexity 0(1)
True
In a singly-linked list, there is no efficient way to insert a node before a given node in the middle or at the end of the list, but we can insert a node after a given node or at the beginning of the list with time complexity O(1)
True
In shift folding method, the key is usually divided into even, The boundary folding method is applied to number data
True
In the array implementation, enqueuing can be executed in constant time O(1)
True
Integer pop(){ if(isEmpty) return(null); return((Integer)pool.remove(pool.size()-1)); }
True
Object dequeue() {if (isEmpty()) return(null); return(pool.remove(0));}
True
Polish notation eliminates all parentheses from formu, Using Polish notation, all expressions have to be brok,Expression trees do not use
True
Recursive definitions on most computers are eventually implemented using a run-time stack and this implementation is done by the operating system.
True
Run-length encoding is very efficient for text file in which only blank character has a tendency to be repeated without using any technique
True
data elements in linked list need not be stored in adjecent space in memory
True
in linked list, the tail node is introduced for performance purpose only
True
linked lists are collection of the nodes that contain information part and next pointer
True
void enqueue(Object x){Node p = new Node(x); p.next = null; if(isEmpty()) head = tail = p; else {tail.next = p; tail = p;}}
True
void inOrder(Node p){ if(p != null){ inOrder(p.left); visit(p); inOrder(p.right);} }
True
void push(Integer x){ Node p = new Node(x); p.next = head; head=p; }
True
The Java implementation of the stack is potenti, Stack can be implemented by linked list
True about Stack
The most top element is the latest added element , Operations of stack based on Last in First out structure.
True about Stack
Deleting a node at the beginning of th ...time O(1) - On the average,delete operatio... O(n) steps, There is no immediate access to the predecessorof any node in list
True about singly linked list
The height of a nonempty tree is the maximum level of node ,The level ofa node is the length of the path from the root to the node plus 1,The level ofa node must be between 1 and height of the tree
True about tree
Which of the following applications may use a stack?
Undo sequence in a text editor
In a Heap tree
Values in a node is greater than every value in children of it
What is a primary difference between an array and a Vector from Java's Class Libraries:
Vectors grow automatically as needed.
The complexity of DFS is O(
V| + |E|), where |V| is number of ve, To prevent loop from happen in an algorithm for traversing a grahp | True
The complexity of sequential Coloring algorithm is O(
V|2) ,Sequential Coloring algorithm establishes the sequence of | True about Graph coloring
Which of the following can be executed in constant time O(n)
When deleting a node of a singly linked list in the average case , in the worst case
What is wrapping around? When is it useful? What is created that must be fixed?
Wrapping around allows the user to fill in new items in the queue at index zero, assuming that the queue is empty at index zero. This creates a broken sequence (the items in the queue are in two different sequences in the array).
How does the mail sorting analogy apply to the priority queue?
You insert a letter from the postman into your pile of pending letters according to priority. The higher the priority the higher the position in the pile.
Value of the first linked list index is
Zero
Value of the first linked list index is _______
Zero
A connected graph T without any cycles is called
a tree graph & free tree & a tree
The size of a structure can be determined by
a. size of variable name + b. size of (struct tag)
Suppose that the Bag is implemented with a linked list. Which of these operations are likely to have a constant worst-case time?
add
The difference between linear array and a record is
all
Each data item in a record may be a group item composed of sub-items; those items which are indecomposable are called
all of above
In a graph if e=[u, v], Then u and v are called
all of above
Each data item in a record may be a group item composed of sub-items; those items which are indecomposable are called
all: elementary ,atom,scalar
A linked list index is ____ that represents the position of a node in a linked list.
an Integer
A linked list index is that represents the position of a node in a linked list.
an Integer
A linked list index is ____ that represents the position of a node in a linked list.
an integer
What member function places a new node at the end of the linked list?
appendNode()
In an array queue, data is stored in an _____ element.
array
Consider a graph below. Cut-vertices in the graph are
b, c, e
New nodes are added to the _____ of the queue.
back
The memory address of the first element of an array is called
base address
Why is the constructor of the LinkedList class empty?
bc...of the LinkedList class is ...constructor of the LinkedList class.
Why is the constructor of the LinkedList class empty?
because initialization of data members of the LinkedList class is performed by the constructor of the LinkedList class.
select the most correct statement about the complexity of bubble sort
best case 0(n), worst case 0(n^2)
select the most correct statement about the complexity of insertion sort
best case O(n), worst case 0(n^2)
Which of the following is not a limitation of binary search algorithm?
binary search algorithm is not efficient when the data elements are more than 1000.
select the most correct statement about the complexity of heapsort
both best and worst 0(nlogn)
Two dimensional arrays are also called
both of above: table,matrix
A _______ is a data structure that organizes data similar to a line in the supermarket, where the first one in line is the first one out.
both of them
A is a data structure that organizes data similar to a line in the supermarket, where the first one in line is the first one out.
both of them
A binary tree can easily be converted into q 2-tree
by replacing each ... new external node
A binary tree can easily be converted into q 2-tree
by replacing each empty sub tree by a new external node
The elements of an array are stored successively in memory cells because
by this way computer can keep track only the address of the first element and the addresses of other elements can be calculated
If every node u in G is adjacent to every other node v in G, A graph is said to be
complete
If every node u in G is adjacent to every other node v in G, a graph is said to be
complete
I have implemented the queue with a circular array, keeping track of front, rear, and manyItems (the number of items in the array). Suppose front is zero, and rear is one less than the current capacity. What can you tell me about manyItems?
count could be zero or the capacity, but no other values could occur.
Suppose we have a circular array implementation of the queue class, with ten items in the queue stored at data[2] through data[11]. The current capacity is 42. Where does the insert method place the new entry in the array?
data[12]
To delete a dynamically allocated array named `a`, the correct statement is
delete a;
the operator for removing and returning the end element of the queue is traditionally called
dequeue
which of following queue operations cold result in queue underflow
dequeue
which of the following queue operations could result in queue underflow (become empty)?
dequeue
A record form a hierarchical structure but a lienear array does not
difference bw linear and record
An array is suitable for homogeneous data but hte data items in a record may have different data type
difference bw linear and record
In a record, there may not be a natural ordering in opposed to linear array.
difference bw linear and record
What is written to the screen for the input "Good**Mor*ni***ng"?
dorino
a node contains some data and one link to its successor and one link to its predecessor in the list
double linked list
A _____ node contains some data and one link to its successor and one link to its predecessor in the list.
doubly linked list
Which of the following is two way list?
doubly linked list
In a graph if e=(u, v) means
e begin, u is profe
In a graph if e=(u, v) means
e begins at u and ends at v
In a graph if e=(u, v) means
e begins at u and ends at v & u is processor and v is successor
Insertion sort is applied to small portions of an array, Mergesort can be made more efficient by replacing
efficient sorting
Each data item in a record may be a group item composed of sub-items; those items which are indecomposable are called
elementary items & atoms & scalars
In a graph if e=[u, v], Then u and v are called
endpoints of e & adjacent nodes & neighbors
In a graph if e=[u, v], Then u and v are called
endpoints,adjacent node,neighbors
The operation for adding an entry to a queue is traditionally called
enqueue
The operation for adding an entry to a queue is traditionally called:
enqueue
the operator for adding an entry to a queue is traditionally called
enqueue
Unlike a stack, the items in a queue don't always:
extend all the way down to index 0.
Run the length encoding is a lossless compression method in which repeated occurrences of a symbol are replaced by one occurrence of the symbol followed by the number of occurrences.
false
Arrays are best data structures
for relatively permanent <benvung> collections of data
Arrays are best data structures
for relatively permanent collections of data
Arrays are the best data structures
for relatively permanent collections of data
arrays are the best data structures
for relatively permanent collections of data
linked list are best suited
for relatively permanent collections of data
Linked lists are best suited
for relatively permanent collections of data.
Linked lists are best suited
for the size of the structure and the data in the structure are constantly changing
I have implemented the queue with a linked list, keeping track of a front node and a rear node with two reference variables. Which of these reference variables will change during an insertion into an EMPTY queue?
front changes., rear changes.
int fun(int n) {if(n<0) return(fun(-n)); else if(n<5) return(2); else return(n*fun(n-2)); } Which call will result in the most recursive calls?
fun(-1012);
void fun(int n) {if(n < 0) {System.out.println("-"); fun(-n); } else if(n<10) System.out.println(n); else {fun(n/10); System.out.println(n%10); } } Which call will result in the most recursive calls?
fun(-1023)
Consider the following function: void fun(int n) {if (n<0) {System.out.println("-"); fun(-n); } else if(n<10) System.out.println(n); else {fun(n/10); System.out.println(n%10); } } Which call will result in the most recursive calls?
fun(-1023);
which call will result in the most recursive calls ?
fun(-1025)
The _______ function retrieves the value of the size member of the LinkedList class
getSize()
The function retrieves the value of the size member of the LinkedList class
getSize()
Which of the following is two way list?
grounded header list;circular header list;linked list..nodes=False
correct statement about hasing algorithm
if the coalesced method is used for collision resolution, insertion and searching always take constant time 0(1)
specify the correct statement about chaining method for handling collision
in chaining, only some possition of the table is associated with a linked list of chain of structrures whose info fields strore keys or references to keys
Give a weighted graph below and you are using the Dijkstra algorithm to find the sortest path from the vetex H to the vertex T. What is the label of the vertex D when the shortest path from H to T is determined?
infinity
Node q = new Node(x); q.next = head; head = q;
inserts new node with value x at the head of the list
When converting binary tree into extended binary tree, all the original nodes in binary tree are
internal nodes on extended tree
what is the correct definition of a hash table?
is a array in memory used ... into an index i=h(x) in the table
The pop() member function determines if the stack is empty by calling the _____ member function
isEmpty()
The pop() member function determines if the stack is empty by calling the member function
isEmpty()
What is written to the screen for the input "FileComp****ress*ion**" ?
iserCeliF
Node p1,p2; p1 = p.next; p2 = p1.next; p.next = p2; if(p2!=null) p2.prev=p;
it deletes the node after p.
Node f = head; while(f.next !=p) f = f.next; f.next = p.next;
it deletes the node p.
Suppose we are considering a doubly linked list and p is some node in the list which has successor node. What does the java code snippet below do? Node p1, p2; p1 = new Node(x); p2 = p.next; p.next = p1; p1.prev = p; p1.next = p2; p2.prev = p1;
it inserts new node with value x after the node p.
Node q = new Node(x); q.prev=null; q.next = head; head.prev = q; head = q;
it inserts new node with value x at the head of the list.
which of following applications may use a queue
keeping track of local variables at run time
Which of the following data structures are indexed structures?
linear arrays
Multi-programming.
may use a queue
Store a waiting list of printing jobs.
may use a queue
What values of n are directly handled by the stopping (base) case?
n==0&& n<35
What values of n are directly handled by the stopping (base) case?
n>=0 && n<15
void fun(int n){if(n < 0) {System.out.println("-"); fun(-n);} else if(n<15) System.out.println(n); else {fun(n/15); System.out.println(n%15); } }
n>=0 && n<15
Which of the following case does not exist in complexity theory
null case
What is written to the screen for the input "Go**od**Mor*ni*ng*Sir"?
oGdorig
Suppose that obj is an Object variable and s is a String variable. Which of the following statements is a correctly-compiling widening conversion? Don't worry about possible run-time exceptions.
obj = s
When new data are to be inserted into a data structure, but there is no available space; this situation is usually called
overflow
Binary search algorithm cannot be applied to
pointer array\sorted linear array
To create a linked list, we can allocate space and make something point to it, by writing: struct-name *pointer-variable; Which of the following statement will correctly allocate the space
pointer-variable = malloc(sizeof(struct struct-name));
Which of the following statement is false?
pointers store the next data element of a list
A operation for moving and returning the top element of the stact is traditionally called
pop
The operation for removing an entry from a stack is traditionally called:
pop
The operation for removing and returning the top element of the stack is traditionally called:
pop
Which of the following stack operations could result in stack underflow?
pop
Integer pop() { if(isEmpty()) return (null); return((Integer)pool.removeLast()); }
pop() method of a stack of Integers.
void preOrder(Node p){ if(p = null) { visit(p); preOrder(p.left); preOrder(p.right); } }
pre-order traverse algorithm
The operation for adding an entry to a stack is traditionally called:
push
A _______ is a data structure that organizes data similar to a line in the supermarket, where the first one in line is the first one out.
queue linked list
A is a data structure that organizes data similar to a line in the supermarket, where the first one in line is the first one out.
queue linked list
Partition and exchange sort is
quick sort
What is written to the screen for the input "Go**odMorn**in***gSir"?
riSgMdo
A Linked list can grow and shrink in size dynamically at
run time
A Linked list can grow and shrink in size dynamically at _______
run time
The complexity of sorting algorithm measures the ...... as a function of the number n of items to be sorter.
running time
specify the reason for data compression
saving data strorage
in a every element contains some data and a link to the next element, which allow to keep the structure
singly linked list
specify thof the e correct statement about chaining method for handling collision
some possition of the table is associated with a linked list or chain of structures whose info fields store keys or references to keys
Binary search algorithm can not be applied to
sorted binary trees
Binary search algorithm cannot be applied to
sorted binary trees
binary tree algorithm cannot be applied to
sorted linear array
Binary search algorithm can not be applied to
sorted linked list
Binary search algorithm can not be applied to
sorted singly linked list
Two dimensional arrays are also called
tables arrays && matrix arrays
Each array declaration need not give, implicitly or explicitly, the information about
the first data from the set to be store
Each array declaration need not give, implicitly or explicitly, the information about
the first data from the set to be stored
What happens when you push a new node onto a stack?
the new node is placed at the front of the linked list.
When representing any algebraic expression E which uses only binary operations in a 2-tree,
the variable in E will appear as external nodes and operations in internal nodes
In a binary tree, certain null entries are replaced by special pointers which point to nodes higher in the tree for efficiency. These special pointers are called
thread
If the two stacks are implemented on a single array, the overflow occurs at
top1=top2 && top1=top2-1
To represent hierarchical relationship between elements, which data structure is suitable?
tree
A connected graph T without any cycles is called
tree graph,free tree,a tree
In a linked list, the tail node is introduced for performance purpose only
true
in a singly-linked list there is no effecient way to insert a node before a given node in the middle of the list
true
in a singly-linked list we can insert a node after a given node with time complexity O(n)
true
The situation when in a linked list START=NULL is
underflow
which of following applications may use stack?
undo sequence in a text editor, auxiliary data structure for algorithms
which of the following applications may use a stack
undo sequence in the text editor
Which of the following data structure is linear type?
(Strings, Lists, Stacks)= True.
What is the expression for generating a pseudorandom number in the range 1...N?
(int) (Math.random() * N) + 1;
If data is a circular array of CAPACITY elements, and rear is an index into that array, what is the formula for the index after rear?
(rear + 1) % CAPACITY
void fun(int n) {if (n <=0) System.out.println("That's all!"); else {for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) System.out.print("*"); System.out.println(); fun(n - 2); } } What is the output when the statement fun(5); is run?
*(/n)***(/n)*****(/n)That's all!
Consider the implementation of the Stack using a partially-filled array. What goes wrong if we try to store the top of the Stack at location [0] and the bottom of the Stack at the last used position of the array?
. Both push and pop would require linear time.
What is the correct definition of a hash table?
...used for storing items or their addresses... i = h(x) in the table.
6, 4, 7, 3, 5, 2 What is the balance factor of the node 4?(please note that the tree is still AVL)
0
How many stack will be needed for the evaluation of a prefix expression
0
To implement an AVL tree, a concept balance factor is introduced (bal = height(right)-height(left). Suppose an AVL tree is created by inserting to the tree the following keys sequentially: 6,4,7,3,5,2 What is the balance factor of the node 4? (please note that the tree is still AVL)
0
void fun(int n) {if(n > 0) { n = n/5; fun(n); System.out.print(" " + n); } } What is the output when the statement fun(23); is run?
0 4
the complexity of countting the number of items in a doubly-linked list
0(n)
Given the character frequencies B : 32% C : 28% D : 16% E : 6% F : 18% Using Huffman encoding, what is the code for character C?(Suppose that when constructing a sub tree from 2 nodes we always place node with higher frequency on the left, and the left branch of a node gets value 0, the right one gets value 1)
01
void fun(int n) {if(n > 0) { fun(n-2); System.out.print(" " +n ); } } What is the output when the statement fun(9); is run?
1 3 5 7 9
Suppose a doubly linked list of integers is given below and p is a reference to the node with value 15 in the list(i.e. p.info=15): (head)7 11 6 4 3 15 8 12(tail) What does the list look like after the following java code snippet is run?
7 11 6 4 3 35 15 8 12
What is the result of the breadth first traverse of the binary search tree T, after inserting the following keys into the tree sequentially(suppose T is empty before insertion): 7, 8, 4, 1, 3, 6, 9
7 4 8 1 6 9 3
What is the value of the Shift Folding Hash Function if K = 43-65-69-7 and TSize = 100?
84
what is the value of the Shift Folding Hash Function if K = 43-65-69-7 and Tsize = 100
84
what is the value of the shift folding hash function if K= 43-65-69-7 and Tsize = 100?
84
What is value of the Boundary Folding Hash Function if K = 43-57-69 and TSize = 100?
87
what is the value of the Boundary Folding Hash Function if K = 43-57-69 and Tsize = 100
87
what is the value of the Boundary Folding Hash Function if K = 45-65-79-8 and Tsize = 100
88
How is a priority queue different than a queue?
A priority queue items are ordered by key value so that the item with the lowest key ( or in some implementations the highest key) is always at the front. Items are inserted in the proper position to maintain the order.
(1) Put the vertex X to H (2) Check if H is a Hamilton cycle the stop, else go to (3) (3) Consider the last vertex Y in H, if there is/are vertex(es) adjacent to Y, select the first adjacent vertex Z (by alphabet order) and put it to H. if there no adjacent vertex, remove Y from H and denote it as bad selection (so you do not select it in the same way again). Go to (2)
A, B, C, E, D, A
Suppose you are using the LZW algorithm to encode the message AABCADAB contents of the dictionary at the beginning of encoding are: (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D What string is denoted by code word (5)7
AA
Using the Huffman code tree below. What is the result of decoding the string: 1100000001100 ?
AABBBCAB
10000010011
ABBCD
Using the Huffman code tree below. What is the result of decoding the string: 10000010011?
ABBCD
The post order traversal of a binary tree is DEBFC Find out the pre order traversal
ABDECF
The post order traversal of a binary tree is DEBFC. Find out the pre order traversal
ABDECF
The post order traversal of a binary tree is DEBFCA. Find out the pre order traversal
ABDECF
The reason for using pointer is ...
Accessing arrays or string elements
The reason for using pointer is ... Choose the false option from the following sentences
Accessing arrays or string elements
What is writen to the screen for the input "GoodA***fter****Noo**n"?
Adoretfoo
Pushdown list means:
All
A connected graph T without any cycles is called
All of above
The difference between linear array and a record is
All of above
Which of the following data structure is linear type?
All of above
ushdown list means:
All of the above
Which of the following data structure is linear type?
All off string,list,queue
Which of the following is the feature of stack?
All operations are at one end
In an array queue, data is stored in an _____ element.
Array
Which of the following data structure can't store the non-homogeneous data elements?
Arrays
Which of the following data structure is linear data structure?
Arrays
In the linked list implementation of the stack class, where does the push method place the new entry on the linked list?
At the head
In the linked list implementation of the queue class, where does the insert method place the new entry on the linked list?
At the tail
What of the following applications may use a stack?
Auxiliary data structure for algorithms.
Which of the following applications may use a stack?
Auxiliary data structure for algorithms.
The in order traversal of tree will yield a sorted listing of elements of tree in
Binary search trees
The size of a structure can be determined by a. size of variable name b. size of (struct tag)
Both a and b
select the most correct statement about the complexity of heapsort
Both best and worst cases are (nlogn)
Select the most correct statement about the complexity of selection sort
Both best and worst cases are 0(n^2)
Select the most correct statement about the complexity of selection sort
Both best and worst cases are O(n^2)
Select the most correct statement about the complexity of heapsort
Both best and worst cases are O(nlogn)
Sorting algorithm can be characterized as
Both of the above
The five items: A, B, C, D and E are pushed in a stack,one after the other starting from A. The stack is popped four times and each element is inserted in a queue. Then two elements are deleted from the queue and pushed back on the stack. Now one item is popped from the stack.
D
If the characters 'D', 'C', 'B', 'A' are placed in a queue (in that order), and then removed one at a time, in what order will they be removed?
DCBA
How can you fix a broken sequence? What is created?
Delete enough items so that the Fron arrow wraps around. This creates a single contiguous sequence.
A data structure where elements can be added or removed at either end but not in the middle
Deque
The depth of a complete binary tree is given by
Dn = log2n + 1
The depth of a complete binary tree is given by
Dn = log2n+1
The depth of a complete binary tree is given by
Dn=log2n+1
is rearranging pairs of elements which are out of order, until no such pairs remain.
Exchange
A binary tree whose every node has either zero or two children is called
Extended binary tree
When inorder traversing a tree resulted E A C K F H D B G; the preorder traversal would return
FAEKCDHGB
The Order followed by stack data structure is
FIFO
_______ form of access is used to add and remove nodes from a queue
FIFO , First In First Out
form of access is used to add and remove nodes from a queue
FIFO , First In First Out
Which of the following name does not relate to stacks?
FIFO lists
pointers store the next data element of a list
False
The search time is O(lgn) in the worst case , In 20-element skip lists, the node in position 3 points to the
False about skip list
In the linked-list version of the Queue class, which operations require linear time for their worst-case behavior?
False=(getFront, isEmpty, insert )
In the circular array version of the Queue class, which operations require linear time for their worst-case behavior?
False=(getFront, isEmpty, insert when the capacity has not yet been reached)
In the array version of the Stack class, which operations require linear time for their worst-case behavior?
False=(is_empty,peek,pop,push when the stack is below capacity)
In the linked-list version of the Stack class, which operations require linear time for their worst-case behavior?
False=(is_empty,peek,pop,push)
Which of the following statements about finding the shortest path are true:
For label-correcting method, information of any ,The complexity of Dijkstras algorithm is O(|V|2)
Specify the correct statement about a binary search tree(select the most suitable one).
In a binary search tree, all...than A.
singly linked list
In a every element contains some data and a link to the next element, which allows to keep the structure
Select the most correct statement:
In a linked list, the tail node is introduced for performance purpose only
What is the difference between a stack and a queue?
In a queue the first item inserted is the first to be removed (FIFO). In a stack the last item inserted is the first to be removed (LIFO)
Specify the correct statement about chaining method for handling collision
In chaining ... keys or references to keys.
Specify the correct statement about chaining method for handling collision
In chaining, only some ... keys or references to keys.
Which of the following is true about linked list implementation of stack?
In push operation = False.
Identify the data structure which allows deletions at both ends of the list but insertion at only one en
Input-restricted deque
Identify the data structure which allows deletions at both ends of the list but insertion at only one end.
Input-restricted deque
is putting an element in the appropriate place in a sorted list yields a larger sorted order list.
Insertion
sorting algorithm is frequently used when n is small where n is total number of elements.
Insertion
How is "peek" different in a queue?
It "peeks" at the value of the item at the front of the queue without removing it as opposed to the last value in a stack.
What is "peek"?
It allows the user to read the value at the top of the stack with out removing it.
Suppose we are considering a singly linked list and p is some node in the list which has both predecessor and successor nodes. What does the java code snippet below do? Node f=head; while(f.next!=p) f=f.next; f.next=p.next;
It deletes the node p
Where does the term queue come from?
It is a British reference to waiting in line. Fist in, first out.
The worst case occur in linear search algorithm when
Item is the last element in the array or item is not there at all
Which of the following applications may use a stack?
Keeping track & A parentheses & Syntax analyzer for a compiler.
Which of the following applications may use a stack?
Keeping track of previous choices(as in backtracking).
______ form of access is used to add and remove nodes from a stack
LIFO
form of access is used to add and remove nodes from a stack
LIFO
The memory address of fifth element of an array can be calculated by the formula
LOC(Array[5]=Base(Array)+w(5-lower bound), where w is the number of words per memory cell for array
Which of the following data structure is non-linear type?
(Strings, Lists, Stacks)= False.
The complexity of heap sort is
0(nlog n)
the complexity of merge sort is
0(nlog2n)
Given a weighted graph below. What is the total edge-weight of the minimum spanning tree of G?
27
How many parts are there in a declaration statement?
3
Given the division hash function h(x) = x%M, where M = 10 and Collision Resolution is linear probing. How the hash table looks like after inserting the following keys sequentially? 95,33,221,204,53,243
4
What is the breadth-first traversal of a tree below after deleting the node 2 by copying?
5 1 7 4 6 8 3
Suppose a singly linked list of integers is given below: (head)7 10 6 4 2 13 8 3(tail)
7 10 6 4 2 13 8 5 3
What is a deque?
A double-ended queue. You can insert items and either end & delete items from either end.
What is writen to the screen for the input"H*owAre***You**To****Day"?
HowAreYouT
Which graph representation is best?
It depends on the problem
What kind of list is best to answer questions such as "What is the item at position n?"
Lists implemented with an array.
Which of the following keywords are access modifier:
Protected, Private
Which data structure allows deleting data elements from front and inserting at rear?
Queues
Which of the following sorting algorithm is of divide-and-conquer type?
Quick sort
Subclasses or derived classes inherit the fields... , An abstract datatype can be part of a program in the form of an interface.
True
The keyword implements is used to specify that a class inherits from aninterface.
True
The recursive version increases program readability, improves self-documentation and simplifies coding
True
The node which is deleted from the list will ... e garbage collection, Deleting a node at the end of...ant time O(1), Processing for adding a node tothe end of list includes six steps
True about Doubly linked list
The size of a structure can be determined by a. size of variable name b. size of (struct tag)
both a and b
The elements of an array are stored successively in memory cells because
by this way computer can keep track only the address of the first element and the addresses of elements can be calculated
Suppose cursor refers to a node in a linked list (using the IntNode class with instance variables called data and link). What statement changes cursor so that it refers to the next node?
cursor = cursor.link;
Explain how you would create an algorithm that matches delimiters on the stack. Include errors in your explanation.
1. Read the characters from a string one at a time.
What is the correct definition of a hash function?
dai nhat
Suppose we have an array implementation of the stack class, with ten items in the stack stored at data[0] through data[9]. The CAPACITY is 42. Where does the push method place the new entry in the array?
data[10]
To delete a dynamically allocated array named `a`, the correct statement is
delete a
A graph that has neither self-loops nor parallel edges are called____
simple graph
a graph that has neither self-loop nor parallel edges are called
simple graph
Fill in the blank of the statement to form the most correct one: In a every element contains some data and a link to the next element which allows to keep the structure.
singly linked list
select the most correct statement
sort is 0(n^2), best case it is O(n)
The term "push" and "pop" is related to the
stacks
What is written to the screen for the input "carpets"?
steprac
which of the following applications may use a stack
store a waiting list undo sequence in the text editor
If every node u in G is adjacent to every other node v in G, a graph is said to be
strongly connected
if every node in G is adjiacent to every other node v in G, a graph said to be
strongly connected
In a graph if e=(u, v) means
u is processor and v is successor
Specify the correct implementation of in-order traverse algorithm for binary trees
void inOrder(Node p) {if(p != null){ inOrder(p.left); visit(p); inOrder(p.right); } }
push() method of the stack
void push(Integer x) {Node p = new Node(x); p.next=head; head=p; }
The Average case occurs in linear search algorithm
when item is somewhere in the middle of the array
Suppose the h(n) function is defined on the set of integer numbers as below. For the call h(3).how many calls to h will be made, including the original call? int h(int n) {if(n==0
| n==1) return(1); else return(h(n-1)+h(n-2)); } | 3
What is the minimum number of nodes in a full binary tree with height 3? find a tree the height of root is 1. and in a full binary tree every node other than tle leaves has two children).
7
What is the minimum number of nodes in a full binary tree with height 4?
7
What is value of the Boundary Folding Hash Function if K = 42-58-67 and TSize = 100?
94
what is the value of the Boundary Folding Hash Function if K = 42-58-67 and Tsize = 100
94
what is the value of the Shift Folding Hash Function if K = 42-58-67 and Tsize = 100
94
what is the value of the Shift Folding Hash Function if K = 45-65-79-8 and Tsize = 100
97
Select the statement that is most correct
A recursive method is a method that invokes itself directly or indirectly. For a recursive method to terminate there must be one or more base cases
ch = top element of the stack S if ch is isolated then remove it from the stack and put it to E else select the first vetex Y (by alphabet order). which is adjacent to ch.push Y to S and remove the edge (ch.Y) from the graph
B, D, C, B, A, B
In a graph if e=(u, v) means
B.e begins at u and ends at v C. u is processor and v is successor
Consider the implementation of the Stack using a partially-filled array. What goes wrong if we try to store the top of the Stack at location [0] and the bottom of the Stack at the last used position of the array?
Both push and pop would require linear time.
____will visit nodes of a tree starting from the highest (or lowest) level and moving down (or up) level by level and at a level, it visits nodes from left to right(or from right to left).
Breath-First Traversal
The five items: A, B, C, D and E are pushed in a stack,one after the other starting from A. The stack is popped four times and each element is inserted in a queue. Then two elements are deleted from the queue and pushed back on the stack. Now one item is popped from the stack.The popped item is.
D
Given a graph below. What is the output of depth-first traversal from vertex D? (visit nodes in ABC order if there are some nodes having the same selection ability).
D, C, B, A, E, G, F, H
Give a graph below. What is the output of breadth-first traversal from vetex D?(visit nodes in ABC order if there are some nodes having the same selection ability).
D, C, F, B, G, A, E, H
Depth-first traversal can not be implemented if ,A recursive implementation of preorder tree trav,There are six possible ordered depth-first traversal
False
In all cases, nonrecursive implementation is faster recursive implementation
False
In the array implementation, dequeuing can be executed in O(n)
False
In the array list, poping is executed in O(lgn) to the worst case
False
Given a weighted graph below and you are using the Dijkstra algorithm to find the sortest path from the vertex H to the vertex T. What are the correct order of vertices selected into the set S until the vertex T is selected?(Each step a vertex with minimal current distance is selected into S).
H, A, B, D, T
what is the correct definition of a hash function?
Hash function h(x) transform a particular key x, etc into an index i=h(x) in the table
The complexity of Binary search algorithm is
O(log n)
The complexity of merge sort algorithm is
O(n log n)
The complexity of merge sort algorithm is a.
O(n log n)
Basically, the complexity of inserting new element before a given node in the middle of a singly linked lists is
O(n)
Given a search() method in a binary search tree: Node search(int x) { Node p = root; while(p!=null && p.info != x){if(p<p.info) p = p.left; else p=p.right;} return(p);} The complexity of this algorithm is:
O(n)
New nodes are added to the of the queue.
back
select the most correct statement about the complexity of selection sort
both best and worst 0(n^2)
Which call will result in the most recursive calls?
fun(-1012);
Two dimensional arrays are also called
matrix arrays
What is written to the screen for the input "Good**Mor*ni***ngSir"?
risgnMog
What is the breadth-first traversal of a tree below after deleting the node 15 by merging?
30 5 40 10 35 25 20
Consider the AVL tree below. What is the breadth first traversal of the tree after inserting a node with value 24?
35, 22, 39, 12, 32, 37, 27, 24,
Give a raw message ' BBBYYYYBBBYYBBBBBYY'(without single quote).Run the run-length encoding algorithm for that message .what is the output?
3B4Y3B2Y5B2Y
Suppose T is a binary tree with 14 nodes. What is the minimum possible height of T?
4
Suppose T is a binary tree with 14 nodes. What is the minimum possible height of T? (Note: In a tree the height of root is 1)
4
T is a binary tree with 14 nodes. what is the minimum possiple height of T
4
a binary tree with 14 nodes. the minimum possible height of T
4
suppose T is a binary tree with 14 nodes. what is the minimum possible height of T
4
What is the breadth-first traversal of a tree below after deleting the node 5 by copying?
4 2 7 1 3 6 8
Given a raw message 'FFFF0000FFF00FFFFF00' (without single quote). Run the run-length encoding algorithm for that message, what is the output?
4F403F205F20
FFFFOOOOFFFOOFFFFFOO
4F4O3F2O5F2O
Give a raw message 'FFFFOOOOFFFOOFFFFFOO'(without single quote).Run the run-length encoding algorithm for that message .what is the output?
4F4O3F2O5F2O
What is the minimum number of nodes in a nearly complete binary tree with heigh 4?
7
what is the minimum number of nodes in a full binary tree with height 3
7
7 1 6 4 3 9 8 2
7 1 6 4 3 8 2
Suppose a doubly linked list of integers is given below and p is a reference to the node with value 3 in the list(i.e. p.info=3): (head)7 1 6 4 3 9 8 2(tail) What does the list look like after the following java code sippet is run?
7 1 6 4 3 8 2
7 10 6 4 2 13 8 3
7 10 6 4 2 13 8 5 3
7 11 6 14 3 9 8 12
7 11 6 14 5 3 9 8 12
Suppose a singly linked list of integers is given below and p is a reference to the node with value 3 in the list(i.e. p.info=3): (head)7 11 6 14 3 9 8 12(tail) What does the list look like after the following java code snippet is run?
7 11 6 14 5 3 9 8 12
Suppose a singly linked list of integers is given below. (head) 7 11 6 4 3 12 8 2 (tail) What does the list look like after the following java code snippet is run?
7 11 6 4 3 12 8 5 2
Suppose a singly linked list of integers is given below and p is a reference to the node with value 9 in the list (i.e. p.info=9): (head) 7 11 6 4 3 9 8 21 (tail)
7 11 6 4 3 13 9 8 21
7 11 6 4 3 15 8 12
7 11 6 4 3 35 15 8 12
Suppose the f(n) function is defined on the set of integer numbers as below. What is the value of f(-5)?
3
int fun(int n) {if(n < 0) return(fun(-n)); else if(n<5) return(2); else return(n*fun(n/2)); } What is the value of fun(5) ?
10
Given the character frequencies B : 32% C : 28% D : 16% E : 6% F : 18% Using Huffman encoding, what is the code for character D?(Suppose that when constructing a sub tree from 2 nodes we always place node with higher frequency on the left, and the left branch of a node gets value 0, the right one gets value 1)
100
Given the character frequencies B : 32% C : 28% D : 16% E : 6% F : 18% Using Huffman encoding, what is the code for character E?(Suppose that when constructing a sub tree from 2 nodes we always place node with higher frequency on the left, and the left branch of a node gets value 0, the right one gets value 1)
101
int fun(int n) {if(n<0) return(fun(-n)); else if(n<5) return(2); else return(n*fun(n-2)); } What is the value of fun(6)?
12
Consider the list of eight integers (n-8) below: 15, 13, 18, 19, 17, 12, 16, 14 What is the list after it is partitioned with low = 0 and up = n-1?
12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 16, 18
What is the breadth-first traversal of a tree below after deleting the node 5 by merging?
2.1.4. 3. 7. 6. 8
27 11 6 4 3 10 8 2
27 11 6 4 3 10 19 8 2
Suppose a doubly linked list of integers is given below and p is a reference to the node with value 10 in the list(i.e. p.info=10): (head) 27 11 6 4 3 10 8 2(tail) What does the list look like after the following java code sippet is run?
27 11 6 4 3 10 19 8 2
What does the list look like after the following java code snippet is run? intx = 19;
27 11 6 4 3 10 19 8 2
Consider the following function: void quiz(int n) {if (n > 1) {quiz(n / 2); quiz(n / 2); } System.out.print("* "); } How many asterisks are printed by the function call quiz(5)?
3
Consider the usual algorithm for determining whether a sequence of parentheses is balanced. What is the maximum number of parentheses that will appear on the stack AT ANY ONE TIME when the algorithm analyzes: (()(())(()))?
3
Given the division hash function h(x) = x%M, where M = 10 and Collision Resolution is quadratic probing. i.e. when inserting a key x, the collision is resolved by finding an available position at (h(x) + i^2)%M), i=1, 2, ... How the hash table looks like after inserting the following keys sequentially?
3
