Cumulative Exam Review Q.2 Bio

In which solution might a cell maintain homeostasis through diffusion? isotonic hypertonic hypotonic concentrated

isotonic

Where are proteins made? nucleus ribosomes cytoplasm cell membrane

ribosomes

In 1953, who developed the model that is shown below? mc004-1.jpg James Watson and Francis Crick Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei Rosalind Franklin Erwin Chargaff

A

In an oil spill, why does the oil not mix with the sea water? Lipids are hydrophobic. Lipids are hydrophilic. Lipids are saturated. Lipids are unsaturated.

A

Legumes, a type of plant, require Rhizobia, a type of soil bacteria, to survive since these organisms fix nitrogen during photosynthesis. Rhizobia use the legumes for food. What would most likely happen to the legume population if Rhizobia suddenly became extinct? become extinct learn to fix nitrogen benefit in the long run stay the same

A

The Serengeti plains are part of the African savanna ecosystem and are home to a variety of different species of plants and animals. The Serengeti plains experience a seven-month period of seasonal drought each year, during which the ecosystem receives only four inches of rain and the availability of some resources becomes very scarce. Which type of limiting factors does the seasonal drought in the Serengeti plains affect? density-independent factors density-dependent factors population-dependent factors population-independent factors

A

The graph below compares the rates of reaction of a burning candle and an exploding firework. Comparing Chemical Reactions mc024-1.jpg What can you conclude from the graph? The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires less energy to start, and occurs more rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn. The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires less energy to start, and occurs less rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn. The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires more energy to start, and occurs less rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn. The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires more energy to start, and occurs more rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn.

A

What is likely to happen to a healthy population that is experiencing exponential growth? It will eventually reach its carrying capacity. It will experience a population crash. It will go extinct in the near future. It will continue to grow exponentially indefinitely.

A

What is one benefit of mapping the human genome? locating the chromosomal abnormalities that cause disease having the genomes of every living individual on file choosing the gender or intellectual ability of an unborn child cloning the individuals that comprise a nearly extinct tribe

A

What is the main difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration? Aerobic respiration requires oxygen to proceed, but anaerobic respiration does not. Aerobic respiration occurs during photosynthesis, but anaerobic respiration occurs during cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration produces ATP, but anaerobic respiration does not. Aerobic respiration occurs only in living organisms, but anaerobic respiration occurs in nonliving organisms.

A

Which shows the levels of organizational hierarchy listed from least complex to most complex? population, community, ecosystem ecosystem, population, community community, population, ecosystem community, ecosystem, population

A

Which statement best describes the overall change that occurs as a result of mitosis? One cell becomes two cells that have identical copies of DNA. One cell becomes two cells that have different copies of DNA. Two cells become two cells that have identical copies of DNA. Two cells become two cells that have different copies of DNA.

A

Which structure is found in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell, but is not found in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell? DNA ribosomes nucleus mitochondria

A

Which two microscopes generate three-dimensional images? scanning electron microscope and scanning tunneling microscope transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope scanning tunneling microscope and transmission electron microscope compound light microscope and scanning electron microscope

A

Suppose that a patient is diagnosed with a new disease caused by the buildup of waste material in the body's cells. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning in the patient's cells? the Golgi apparatus lysosomes ribosomes the endoplasmic reticulum

B

The tundra ecosystem of Alaska is known as a "cold desert." It receives very little precipitation, about four inches annually. However, it is rich in wetlands due to permafrost, which traps moisture close to the surface. The temperatures vary widely, also producing persistent winds. Although treeless, the Arctic tundra is an abundant ecosystem. Many organisms find their niche here including many migratory bird species and mammals such as caribou, foxes, bears, and small rodents. Which element of the tundra ecosystem is biotic? wind dead bird carbon dioxide temperature

B

What is the difference between food chains and food webs? Food webs show a single path of energy in an ecosystem, and food chains show all the overlapping food chains in that ecosystem. Food chains show a single path of energy in an ecosystem, and food webs show all the overlapping food chains in that ecosystem. Food webs show the path of energy in an ecosystem, and food chains show the path of nutrients in that ecosystem. Food chains show the path of energy in an ecosystem, and food webs show the path of nutrients in that ecosystem.

B

Which best describes somatic mutations? They are usually passed on to offspring. They can cause different kinds of cancer. They always result from point mutations. They only occur in reproductive cells.

B

Which level of organization is characterized by a group of cells that work together to perform a common function? organ tissue organ system organism

B

Which microscope is often used to view metal surfaces? scanning electron microscope scanning tunneling microscope transmission electron microscope compound light microscope

B

Which term describes stacks of thylakoids? chloroplasts grana stroma ferredoxins

B

Which type of population growth is shown in this graph? mc014-1.jpg exponential logistic linear limited

B

A DNA strand has the sequence GTTCCAGAG. Which is the complementary strand of RNA? CAAGGTCTC AGGTTCACA CAAGGUCUC TGGAACTCA

C

A conservation biologist has determined the status of the ecosystems in a protected area, as shown in the table below. Based on the table, which part of the pie chart represents secondary succession? Status of ecosystems Percentage of protected area Primary succession 10 Secondary succession 30 Barren land 5 Established community 55 mc026-1.jpg segment A segment B segment C segment D

C

How does mining impact the environment? It has a positive impact on the environment by permanently altering the ecosystem. It has a positive impact on the environment by releasing chemicals into the environment. It has a negative impact on the environment by allowing toxic chemicals to harm wildlife. It has a negative impact on the environment by creating new niches for wildlife to inhabit.

C

Jada wants to eat a meal that will sustain her energy during a long run. Which of these food items is the best source of long-term energy? grape juice sugar cookie baked potato strawberries

C

Living organisms respond to changes in environmental conditions such as temperature. Which series lists the correct order in which the body would respond to such a change? tissue, cell, organ, organ system, organism tissue, cell, organ system, organ, organism cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism cell, tissue, organ system, organ, organism

C

Which is an example of the impact of genetic research on the environment? DNA typing genetic testing genetically modified organisms Human Genome Project

C

Which is one of the six fundamental elements that are found in living organisms? helium sodium oxygen chlorine

C

Which process is characterized by the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across the plasma membrane without the use of energy? osmosis active transport passive transport dynamic equilibrium

C

Which statement about anaerobic respiration is true? Anaerobic respiration prevents muscle fatigue. Anaerobic respiration generates a high yield of ATP. Anaerobic respiration is used commercially in the production of beer, wine, bread, yogurt, and cheese. Anaerobic respiration can provide energy to animals for several days in the absence of oxygen.

C

Which statement best describes the amount of catalyst that remains at the end of a reaction? More catalyst is present at the end than at the beginning of the reaction. Less catalyst is present at the end than at the beginning of the reaction. The amount of catalyst is the same at the end as at the beginning of the reaction. The catalyst is consumed by the reaction, so none remains at the end of the reaction.

C

Consider this plant cell. mc003-1.jpg Which organelle is labeled I? nucleus mitochondrion ribosome chloroplast

D

Interactions between organisms and their environment impact the organism's overall population. The jaguar Panthera onca is the largest cat in North America. It is found in areas across the Southwest, including Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. It is a carnivore that has powerful jaws and sharp teeth and preys on fish, turtles, tapirs, and many smaller mammals. Which shows the relationship between the jaguar and turtles? adaptation principle competitive exclusion principle niche principle predator-prey relationship

D

Specific processes must take place within the cell for protein synthesis to occur. mc019-1.jpg Which occurs during translation but not during transcription? A DNA template is used to create an mRNA strand. A tRNA template is used to create a DNA strand. A tRNA template is used to create an mRNA strand. An mRNA template is used to create an amino acid chain.

D

The group of polar bears that live along the eastern coast of Russia makes up an organism. a community. an ecosystem. a population.

D

The group of polar bears that live along the eastern coast of Russia makes up an organism. a community. an ecosystem. a population.

D

What is the primary source of energy for food chains in an ecosystem? decomposers producers consumers the sun

D

When a scientist is conducting research about all the plants and wildlife in the Mojave Desert as well as the desert's resources, such as water and soil, the scientist is studying a community. a population. a species. an ecosystem.

D

Which RNA base pairs with the adenine in DNA? thymine guanine cytosine uracil

D

Which best describes a bird's role as it eats seeds? parasite predator habitat niche

D

Which is a purpose for which a pedigree chart might be prepared? to determine the gender of a fetus to determine if a fetus has the correct number of chromosomes to identify chromosomal defects to identify the pattern of inheritance of a particular trait

D

Which statement about the cell membrane is true? It contains cellulose and sugars that are involved in communication. It is present in animal cells only. It is rigid and elastic for supporting the cell's shape. It prevents harmful substances from entering a cell.

D

Which structure is unique to eukaryotic cells? DNA cell membrane ribosomes nucleus

D

Which water source becomes polluted as it travels over the earth? ponds groundwater oceans runoff

D