Cumulative quizzes 6-10

Press Article 10: Which group is the author referring to in her title, "The New Counterculture"? (Select 1) A Conservative Christians B Millennials C Sixties humanist "alternatives" D Floridians

A Conservative Christians

Press Article 10: According to the author, what types of criticisms does the homeschooling movement receive? (Select 2) A It causes brain drain from public schools B It marginalizes children who then have difficulty making friends C It is a threat to social cohesion D It is a living critique of our educational system, which shouldn't be questioned E It prevents children from receiving fundamental knowledge on topics such as evolutionary biology, sex education, and other world religions

A It causes brain drain from public schools C It is a threat to social cohesion

Journal Article 6: What recommendation did the authors of this paper propose in light of their findings on peanut allergy? (choose 1) A Peanut consumption is more useful than avoidance to prevent the development of peanut allergy B All pregnant women should consume peanuts in order to prevent the development of peanut allergy in their child C All children at risk of peanut allergy should be exposed to peanuts at a young age D Peanut avoidance is more useful than consumption to prevent the development of peanut allergy Awarded Points Point Value

A Peanut consumption is more useful than avoidance to prevent the development of peanut allergy

Press Article 10: Which of the following social groups discussed in the article shaped the home schooling movement? (Select 2) A Sixties radical hippies B Conservative Christians C Millennials D Lower-middle class immigrants E Communists

A Sixties radical hippies B Conservative Christians

Journal Article 6: Panel C of Figure 2 presents the Worst-Case Imputation Analysis (WCI). How does the WCI Analysis differ from the Intention-to-Treat Analysis? (choose 1) A The WCI assigns peanut allergy to participants with missing data in the peanut-consumption group and nonallergy to the participants with missing data in the peanut-avoidance group B The WCI represents the outcomes of children whose allergies where evaluated using a diagnostic algorithm C The WCI randomly includes more participants in peanut allergy category than in the nonallergy category D The WCI assigns nonallergy to participants with missing data in the peanut-consumption group and peanut allergy to the participants with missing data in the peanut-avoidance group Awarded Points Point Value

A The WCI assigns peanut allergy to participants with missing data in the peanut-consumption group and nonallergy to the participants with missing data in the peanut-avoidance group

Journal Article 6: What were the main enrollment criteria for as participants in this study? (choose 1) A Egg allergy, severe eczema, or both B Severe eczema and skin-prick test larger than 4mm C Very high level of IgE at baseline and egg allergy D History of peanut allergy in the family and skin-prick test larger than 4mm

A Egg allergy, severe eczema, or both

Video 3.36. According to the video, which of the followings outcomes is correlated with higher executive function in children? (Select 3) A Fewer behavioral problems at school B Increased cooperation in classroom settings C Better academic achievement D Eating disorders E Better quality of sleep

A Fewer behavioral problems at school B Increased cooperation in classroom settings C Better academic achievement

Video 3.36: In the Multidimensional Card Sort Task video, what did kids have the most trouble with when playing the game? (choose 1) A Switching from one rule to another B Learning the rules of the game C Listening to instructions D Getting upset when they did not win

A Switching from one rule to another

Video5.58. What is one reason that adopted children might outperform biological siblings academically? (choose 1) A Wealthy, stable, educated homes tend to adopt children B None of the above C Adopted children are more appreciative of the education they receive D Biological siblings are generally not identical twins, resulting in different outcomes

A Wealthy, stable, educated homes tend to adopt children

Video 5.65. According to recent studies, which of the following can acceleration have consistent positive effects on? Choose 2 A academics B psychological outcomes C physical development D marriage outcomes

A academics B psychological outcomes

Video 5.66. What does the IAS, Iowa Acceleration Scale, recommend not be done when considering acceleration? Choose 1.A A accelerating students who prefer to remain where they are B accelerating students who perform well on tests above their grade level C accelerating students who feel unmotivated and unstimulated enough by school D accelerating students who have advanced achievement in mathematics and reading

A accelerating students who prefer to remain where they are

Video 4.52. Which one of the following can remove an association between crying and receiving a comforting embrace, and is also known as extinction? (choose 1) A attend to the infant at progressively longer regular intervals B randomly comfort the infant when they cry C rush to comfort the infant whenever they cry D punish the infant when they cry

A attend to the infant at progressively longer regular intervals

Video 5.64. According to a study, children who skipped a grade were significantly more likely to do which of the following? Choose 2. A author a scientific publication B receive academic awards C conduct biological research D earn an advanced degree E teach a parenting class

A author a scientific publication D earn an advanced degree

Video 3.36. As part of her homework routine, Sally needs to alternate between math problems and reading chapters. She can switch efficiently from one task to the other and apply different strategies thanks to her ____________, an aspect of executive function. A cognitive flexibility B Theory of Mind C working memory D inhibitory control

A cognitive flexibility

Video 5.63. According to lecture, which of the following are reasons that acceleration is difficult to study? (choose 2). A most students are necessarily ineligible B the decision to accelerate is highly individualized C acceleration has only been an option for the past 10 years D there are too few students to be able to study the effects of acceleration E girls are more likely to accelerate which creates a gender bias

A most students are necessarily ineligible B the decision to accelerate is highly individualized

Video 5.70. What are some tentative conclusions regarding the effectiveness of homeschooling? Choose 2. A nationally, homeschooling students score higher than the national average B homeschooled students with parents who graduated from college score higher than kids whose parents did not attend college C class and race have both been linked to differences in home schooled students' achievement D homeschooled students with parents who are very religious score higher than their non-religious homeschooled peers

A nationally, homeschooling students score higher than the national average B homeschooled students with parents who graduated from college score higher than kids whose parents did not attend college

Video 4.52. Which one of the following is central to Ferberizing? (choose 1) A training infants to self-sooth before receiving external comfort from the parent B always letting infants "cry it out" so they don't get used to being rewarded by the warm and loving presence of a caregiver C rushing to comfort an infant that has woken up in tears D providing care randomly, so that it becomes unpredictable, and less expected

A training infants to self-sooth before receiving external comfort from the parent

What are the TWO main differences bw children with autism and those with Aspergers syndrome that are mentioned? A. Children with Asperger's syndrome are often highly verbal B. Children with autism have a harder time reading others' emotions C. Children Aspergers syndrome tend to communicate better nonverbally D. Children with Asperger's syndrome have relatively high IQs

A. Children with Asperger's syndrome are often highly verbal D. Children with Asperger's syndrome have relatively high IQs

Rubella A. Contagious viral infection best known by its distinctive red rash. However, this disease is often mild with half of people not realizing that they are sick. Because of widespread use of vaccine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has declared this disease eliminated in the US B. Highly contagious infection caused by a virus symptoms include inflamed eyes, fever and a red, blotchy skin rash. Complications occur in a bout 30% and may include blindness, inflammation of the brain, and pneumonia among others C. Viral infection that primarily affects a saliva-producing gland pair, situated below and in front of the ears, About a third of people have mild or no symptoms but complications may include meningitis (inflammation in brain), permanent deafness and unfitly in men. There is no specific treatment for this infection except prevent from vaccine

A. Contagious viral infection best known by its distinctive red rash. However, this disease is often mild with half of people not realizing that they are sick. Because of widespread use of vaccine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has declared this disease eliminated in the US

What were two general conclusions of studies investigating the hypothesis that the combination of MMR vaccine causes autism by damaging the intestinal lining? A. There is no evidence of a new variant form of autism (developmental regression with gastrointestinal symptoms) B. The emergence of autistic symptoms is related to the MMR vaccine C. The emergence of autistic symptoms is related to the MMR vaccine D. There is strong evidence for a new variant form of autism

A. There is no evidence of a new variant form of autism (developmental regression with gastrointestinal symptoms) C. The emergence of autistic symptoms is related to the MMR vaccine

Which of the following steps can be taken to prevent death from SIDS? (choose 3) A. avoid smoking in home B. place baby on belly while sleeping C. remove stuffed animals and extra pillows & sheets from crib D. turn on a fan at night

A. avoid smoking in home C. remove stuffed animals and extra pillows & sheets from crib D. turn on a fan at night

The authors report that no studies have systematically compared the incidence of autism in vaccinated, unvaccinated or alternatively vaccinated children (spread out vaccines) . Why is it hard/practically impossible to conduct such studies? A. parental preference for an experimental group (vaccine, vs no-vaccine) would be likely to be associated with confounding variables (differences in health care seeking behavior) B. This type of study would require international collaboration bw research groups which is rare in science C. This type of study would require a large number of participants in each group (50) which is hard to find research of this kind D. Radnom assignment (vaccine vs no-vaccine) could be unethical

A. parental preference for an experimental group (vaccine, vs no-vaccine) would be likely to be associated with confounding variables (differences in health care seeking behavior) D. Radnom assignment (vaccine vs no-vaccine) could be unethical

According to the video what is the achievement gap observed in US education A. the disparity in academic performance between groups of students B The disparity in academic performance between US and international students C, The disparity in academic performance between younger and older children D The disparity in academic performance between girls and boys

A. the disparity in academic performance between groups of students

In the Press article #6, it is noted that a problem with many past studies of spanking is that they are cross-sectional. The authors explain that this is a problem, because (choose 1) A. they evaluate the effects of spanking by collecting data at a single point in time, making determinations of cause and effect can be difficult B. they evaluate effects of spanking using an RCT design, making the effects of spanking random, and thus difficult to assess C. they evaluate the effects of spanking by collecting data in the sam child over time, making ti difficult to generalize to other children D. they evaluate the effects of spanking by collecting data only among families who practice spanking, making it difficult to assess whether their behaviors differ from controls

A. they evaluate the effects of spanking by collecting data at a single point in time, making determinations of cause and effect can be difficult

Journal Article 7: According to the authors, what factor protects against impairments in cognitive development and/or learning difficulties? (choose 1) A Early age of adoption B All of the above C Supportive and safe rearing environment for adopted children D No history of exposure to abuse or neglect

B All of the above

Journal Article 7: What is the idea behind the "adoption decalage" discussed by the authors? (choose 1) A That the IQs of non-adopted children is lower than that of their adopted peers B That adopted children have low school performance despite normal cognitive potential C That the emotional struggle that some adopted children face due to the loss of their birth parents D That the school performance of adopted children is lower than those of their environmental peers

B That adopted children have low school performance despite normal cognitive potential

Press Article 10: As discussed by the author of the article, which of the following is an example of a need that modern home schooling is able to address for some families? (choose 1) A The need for certain families with strong ideologies to withhold formal education from their children B The need for certain families with strong ideologies to withdraw their children from an education system valuing a "commercial" and "soulless culture" C The need for certain families to disconnect with society, pay fewer taxes and have limited contact with civilization D The need for certain families with strong religious beliefs to teach only religious scriptures

B The need for certain families with strong ideologies to withdraw their children from an education system valuing a "commercial" and "soulless culture"

Press Article 6: What two risks, discussed by Dr. Ferguson and Dr. Gershoff, cause them to recommend that parents not spank their children, despite the limitations in the literature surrounding spanking and behavioral problems? (choose 2) A Parents who injure their children in the context of physical punishment might get in trouble with child protective services B Their research has shown that children who get spanked end up with behavioral problems C Parents who spank might also use harsher punishments D Children who get spanked are more likely to hit their siblings

B Their research has shown that children who get spanked end up with behavioral problems C Parents who spank might also use harsher punishments

Press Article 10: According to the authors, what are the advantages of home schooling for conservative Christian mothers specifically? (Select 2) A To fulfill their aspirations of putting their minds and organization skills to work B To be valued by their Christian community C To be able to make all the decisions for their families and assume the role of head of their family D To be able to remove traditional theories of biology, geography, and grammar from their children's educational curriculum

B To be valued by their Christian community

A recent study found that homeschooled students scored between which percentiles nationally on standardized tests? (Choose 1) A 92nd and 97th percentile B 84th and 89th percentile C 60th and 76th percentile D 45th to 57th percentile

B 84th and 89th percentile

Video 3.35: White matter development in the brain is important to behavioral control because (choose 1): A Behavioral control involves communication within local cortical networks of unmyelinated tissue. B Behavioral control involves sending long distance signals from prefrontal cortex to other areas of the brain C Myelinated nerve fibers control the child's limbs D Children lack gray matter

B Behavioral control involves sending long distance signals from prefrontal cortex to other areas of the brain

Press Article 8: In the press article on breastfeeding, which of the following does the author suggest threatens the validity of the study's conclusions? (choose 2) A Mothers self-reporting their children's IQ B Low follow-up rate of 59% C Low follow-up rate of 25% D Mothers recalling breastfeeding habits years after their babies were born

B Low follow-up rate of 59% D Mothers recalling breastfeeding habits years after their babies were born

Press Article 8: According to the press article on breastfeeding, which of the following is most likely to account for the association between breastfeeding and greater wealth and IQ in adulthood? (choose one) A The lower socioeconomic status of mothers who breastfeed B The higher socioeconomic status of mothers who breastfeed C Breast milk has far greater nutrient content than does formula D Formula has far greater nutrient content than does breast milk

B The higher socioeconomic status of mothers who

Video 3.39. Which of the following is true of the effect of divorce on children? (Choose 1) A Recent studies find larger negative effects of divorce on children as divorce becomes more common B The negative effects of divorce on children are smaller if parents can manage to stay friendly during and after the divorce process C The negative effects of divorce on children is not influenced by the amount of conflict between the parents prior to the divorce D The negative effects of divorce on children are worst for older compared to younger children

B The negative effects of divorce on children are smaller if parents can manage to stay friendly during and after the divorce process

Video 3.37: Why do some researchers believe that labeling kids as having ADHD is a mistake? (choose one) A None of the above B They believe that it medicalizes natural variation among children C They believe that it is related to poorer outcomes for children later in life D They believe that a better diagnosis would cause less anxiety

B They believe that it medicalizes natural variation among children

Video 4.53. Which two of the following are correlated with readiness for solid food for babies? (choose 2) A ability to cough and move tongue independently B ability to grab objects in their hands C ability to sit up and support their own body D ability to roll onto their stomach

B ability to grab objects in their hands C ability to sit up and support their own body

Video 4.54. What are 3 common feeding options for infants 4 months of age or younger? (choose 3) A pureed foods (e.g., carrots put through a blender) B breastfeeding C formula D using pumped breast milk

B breastfeeding C formula D using pumped breast milk

Video 3.36. What are the symptoms that define ADHD? (Choose 3) A low IQ B hyperactivity C difficulty controlling behavior D problems of paying attention E inability to sleep

B hyperactivity C difficulty controlling behavior D problems of paying attention

Which of the following is true about sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? (choose 1) A it is equally prevalent across different US sub-groups B it can happen without any real warning signs C it only affects newborns that are sick D it is difficult to prevent

B it can happen without any real warning signs

In the US, approximately what fraction of children live in so called "non-traditional" families (families without two parents)? (choose 1) A. 1/2 B. 1/3 C. None of the above D. 2/3

B. 1/3

Mumps A. Contagious viral infection best known by its distinctive red rash. However, this disease is often mild with half of people not realizing that they are sick. Because of widespread use of vaccine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has declared this disease eliminated in the US B. Highly contagious infection caused by a virus symptoms include inflamed eyes, fever and a red, blotchy skin rash. Complications occur in a bout 30% and may include blindness, inflammation of the brain, and pneumonia among others C. Viral infection that primarily affects a saliva-producing gland pair, situated below and in front of the ears, About a third of people have mild or no symptoms but complications may include meningitis (inflammation in brain), permanent deafness and unfitly in men. There is no specific treatment for this infection except prevent from vaccine

B. Highly contagious infection caused by a virus symptoms include inflamed eyes, fever and a red, blotchy skin rash. Complications occur in a bout 30% and may include blindness, inflammation of the brain, and pneumonia among others

What was the main goal of the article? A. To demonstrate that studies showing a link between autism and vaccines are methodologically flawed B. To review studies that have addressed the 3 hypotheses relating vaccines to autism C. To show that people are justified in being suspicious about vaccines and their link with autism D. To experimentally demonstrate that vaccines don't cause autism

B. To review studies that have addressed the 3 hypotheses relating vaccines to autism

A recent review found that ADHD is (choose 1) A. 100% heritable B. almost 80% heritable C. 0% heritable D. about 10% heritable

B. almost 80% heritable

Journal Article 7: What does the letter d represent in the y axis of Figures 1 and 2? (choose 1) A Coefficient of correlation B The probability of finding the observed results when the null hypothesis is true C Cohen's effect size D Difference in means

C Cohen's effect size

Journal Article 6: Which one of the following best describes the dual allergen hypothesis proposed by the authors in this article? (choose 1) A Children who have egg allergy are 10 times more likely to have peanut allergy B Oral immunotherapy to peanuts may prevent the development of dairy allergy C Early environmental exposure to peanuts may cause early sensitization while early oral exposure may cause immune tolerance D Early environmental exposure to peanuts may cause immune tolerance while early oral exposure may cause early sensitization

C Early environmental exposure to peanuts may cause early sensitization while early oral exposure may cause immune tolerance

Press Article 9: What is the meaning of the term "intensive cultivation" used in the article? (choose 1) A High-income families enroll their children in increasingly more intensive after-school programs, relative to lower income families B High-income families consume more material goods than lower-income families C High-income families invest significantly more money and time in each individual child relative to lower-income families D High-income families enroll their children in a greater diversity of after-school programs but spend less time interacting with their children, relative to lower-income families

C High-income families invest significantly more money and time in each individual child relative to lower-income families

Journal Article 6: What are some limitations of the study on peanut allergies, as discussed by the authors? (choose 2) A Lack of placebo control B Lack of randomized group assignment C Lack of low-risk infants acting as controls D Lack of ethical permission for running the experiment E Lack of physiological measures such as heart rate and respiratory function

C Lack of low-risk infants acting as controls A Lack of placebo control

Video 39: What two effects have been reported in research on divorce? (choose2) A Losing a parent to premature death has identical consequences to divorce B Children of divorced parents do not look any different from children of non-divorced parents C Children who are prone to behavioral issues are more likely to have parents with similar issues. D Children's problems are highly predicted by the severity of problems in their parents' relationship prior to divorce

C Children who are prone to behavioral issues are more likely to have parents with similar issues. D Children's problems are highly predicted by the severity of problems in their parents' relationship prior to divorce

Press Article 10: According to the article, in which school topics do home schooled children perform above average? (Select 2) A Philosophy B Mathematic C Geography D Spelling E Biology

C Geography D Spelling

Video 5.59. According to lecture, why is it problematic to draw conclusions about the biological basis of intelligence from a comparison of boys and girls within a single country? (choose 1) A Girls outperform boys in math in almost every culture studied, except the US B Boys are more attracted to math for cultural reasons, which explains why they perform better across most cultures C Math performance of boys and girls differs significantly across cultures D Boys generally outperform girls only in wealthier nations

C Math performance of boys and girls differs significantly across cultures

Video 5.56. Based on discussion in the lecture videos, what are TWO things that can be done in the classroom that would likely improve US rankings in mathematics on the PISA? (Choose 2) A Focus training on memorization and drills B Teach more problem solving C Spend more time on geometry and measurement D Encourage teachers to seek out advanced training in mathematics

C Spend more time on geometry and measurement D Encourage teachers to seek out advanced training in mathematics

Journal Article 7: What does the term "resilience" mean in the context of the meta-analysis on adoption studies? (choose 1) A The fact that children with higher cognitive abilities are more likely to be adopted B The tendency to repetitively think about the consequences of one's negative emotional experiences C The capacity to recover from difficult pre-adoptive circumstances D The capacity to excel at anything

C The capacity to recover from difficult pre-adoptive circumstances

Video 5.70. According to lecture, what are home schooled graduates more likely than the average American to do? Choose 2. A engage in competitive sport teams B have higher paying jobs C engage in political activities D vote E remain married

C engage in political activities D vote

To avoid a peanut allergy, which of the following is advisable? A provide infant with peanuts B provide infant with small doses of peanut butter C expose infant to small dose sof peanut product (e.g. infant crackers) D prevent infant from exposure to peanuts or peanut products

C expose infant to small dose sof peanut product (e.g. infant crackers)

According to the video which of the following is NOT a possible benefit of co-sleeping in early life (1) A lower stress hormones B higher self-esteem C reduced risk of SIDS D more regular heart rhythm

C reduced risk of SIDS

Video 4.49. According to the video, which of the following is true about sleep schedule in young children? (choose 1) A infants wake up because they cannot sleep for long periods of time B infants begin life with an adult-like circadian cycle C sleep requirement declines from infancy to adolescence D infants are up all night because they don't need as much sleep as adults

C sleep requirement declines from infancy to adolescence

How many participants were included in Wakefield's Lancet study, published in 1998? A. 498 B. 900 C. 12 D. 5300

C. 12

Imagine that your child is vaccinated with the MMR vaccine but another child at school is diagnosed with measles. Lucky no child at the school get sick. Whats probably the reason for this? A. vaccination is contagious, protecting the rest of the herd B. unusually healthy children who are able to fight off disease C. Herd immunity D. An unusually weak strain of the measles

C. Herd immunity

In 2012, an independent, nonprofit group of researchers, part of the Institute of Medicine, reviewed 22 studies relating vaccines and autism. The group chose only the studies that didn't have serious limitations in their methodology. Thousands of children were part of this review. What was the conclusion reached by this group? A. There is a causal relation between the MMR vaccine and autism B. All type of vaccination should be avoided before the age of 36 months C. There isn't a causal relation bw MMR vaccine and autism D. Children should be vaccinated with single doses of vaccines and not the MMR

C. There isn't a causal relation bw MMR vaccine and autism

According to the CDC, what factors motivated the withdrawal of single vaccines and the creation of the combined MMR vaccine? (2) A. To increase profits for the pharmaceutical industry B. To increase the risk of developing autism in children C. To increase the chances that children become fully protected early in life D. TO remove the need multiple visits to the doctor and injections E. To reduce the cost of multiple medical visit to the government

C. To increase the chances that children become fully protected early in life D. TO remove the need multiple visits to the doctor and injections

Measles A. Contagious viral infection best known by its distinctive red rash. However, this disease is often mild with half of people not realizing that they are sick. Because of widespread use of vaccine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has declared this disease eliminated in the US B. Highly contagious infection caused by a virus symptoms include inflamed eyes, fever and a red, blotchy skin rash. Complications occur in a bout 30% and may include blindness, inflammation of the brain, and pneumonia among others C. Viral infection that primarily affects a saliva-producing gland pair, situated below and in front of the ears, About a third of people have mild or no symptoms but complications may include meningitis (inflammation in brain), permanent deafness and unfitly in men. There is no specific treatment for this infection except prevent from vaccine

C. Viral infection that primarily affects a saliva-producing gland pair, situated below and in front of the ears, About a third of people have mild or no symptoms but complications may include meningitis (inflammation in brain), permanent deafness and unfitly in men. There is no specific treatment for this infection except prevent from vaccine

According to this vide, which of the following is most likely to have affected the increase in a autism diagnoses in recent years? A. vaccination B. change in heritability of autism C. changes in the diagnostic criteria for autism D. less affectionate parenting practices

C. changes in the diagnostic criteria for autism

As discussed in lecture, which of the following is a component of executive control (choose 1) A. Priming B. remote control C. cognitive flexibility D. long term memory

C. cognitive flexibility

What are the TWO main diagnostic components of autism? (Choose 2) A. obsessive desire to maintain a below=normal weight through starvation or too much exercise B. deficit in behaviors related to academic performance C. exhibit movements that are highly repetitive, restricted, or unusual D. atypical mood swings, alternation between manic and depressive episodes E. hallucinations, disorganized speech, and thoughts that are out of touch with reality F. deficit in behaviors related to social communication

C. exhibit movements that are highly repetitive, restricted, or unusual F. deficit in behaviors related to social communication

Recent studies of divorce and single parent families find _____, suggesting that ____. A. more negative outcomes than in earlier studies increasing divorce rates have resulted in more negative effects on children B. more negative outcomes than in earlier studies; early divorces may have involved families with fewer problems than more recent divorces C. fewer negative outcomes in earlier studies; early divorces may have involved families with more problems than more recent divorces D. fewer negative outcomes than in earlier studies decreasing divorce rates have resulted in fewer negative effects on chidlren

C. fewer negative outcomes in earlier studies; early divorces may have involved families with more problems than more recent divorces

Journal Article 5: What were the 3 categories of dependent variables in the study? (choose one) A Childhood risk factors, adolescent snares, adult health B Age, IQ, adult crime C Childhood self-control, adolescent mistakes, adult crime D Adult health, adult wealth, public safety outcomes

D Adult health, adult wealth, public safety outcomes

Journal Article 5: What was the main reason that the authors collected data on self-control in siblings? (choose one) A To study the effects of self-control in different countries B To increase their sample size C To study the role of birth order in self-control D Because siblings offer an opportunity to control for the role of shared environment

D Because siblings offer an opportunity to control for the role of shared environment

Press Article 6: In Dr. Furgenson's meta-analysis, how was spanking related to emotional and behavioral development after controlling for the influence of temperament and preexisting behavioral characteristics? (choose 1) A No study has ever controlled for these factors and further research needs to be done. B The effect of spanking stayed the same as the effect found in studies not controlling for these factors. C The effect of spanking increased compared to the effects found in studies not controlling for these factors. D The effect of spanking effect had little importance after controlling for these factors.

D The effect of spanking effect had little importance after controlling for these factors.

Video 3.38. What is the first line of treatment for ADHD recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention? A Neurofeedback B Stimulant medication such as Ritalin C Meditation D Behavioral therapy

D Behavioral therapy

Journal Article 5: What is the idea behind "opt-out" schemes? A The schemas force people to use all available information to weigh the costs and benefits of the options that they can choose. B These schemes exploit people's natural rationality. C The schemes make opting out of bad choices much more likely. D Desirable options should be made the default because changing a default requires effort, resulting in more choices of the desirable outcome.

D Desirable options should be made the default because changing a default requires effort, resulting in more choices of the desirable outcome.

Video 3.37. Which of the following is part of the toolkit of Tools of the Mind? (Choose 1) A Making children more aware of their own breath B Teaching children about executive function rather than play C Teaching more logic and math than the normal curriculum D Developing internal speech

D Developing internal speech

Journal Article 7: Which of the following is a factor discussed by the authors that could explain the fact that adopted children are referred to special education twice as often as non-adopted children? (choose 1) A Adopted children have lower levels of resilience B Parents who adopt are also likely to have experience behavioral problems in school C Adopted children have lower IQs D Parents of adopted children may be more likely to detect learning problems

D Parents of adopted children may be more likely to detect learning problems

Video 5.56. US children rank poorly on the PISA relative to the TIMSS unless we consider which factor? (choose 1) A The fact that the PISA measures only reading ability B The fact that the PISA focuses more on applied problem-solving approach C The fact that the PISA relies on an older database of information D The fact that the PISA includes wealthier European countries

D The fact that the PISA includes wealthier European countries

Press Article 8: According to the author, why are high drop-out rates in studies so concerning to validity? (choose one) A Because high drop-out rates in a study increase the chance of a type II error B Because high drop-out rates in a study suggest poor treatment of the participants C Because high drop-out rates in a study lead to low sample size and reduce power D The factors that lead to someone dropping out of a study are often the same factors that would affect the outcome of the study

D The factors that lead to someone dropping out of a study are often the same factors that would affect the outcome of the study

Video 3.37. Which of the following is true of ADHD? (Choose 1) A There has been a decrease in the number of diagnosed cases of ADHD over the past 15 years B The frequency is higher in girls than boys C About 77% of the variability between children's ADHD symptoms is due to environmental factors D The hereditability of ADHD is about 77%

D The hereditability of ADHD is about 77%

Video 5.67.The percentage of children being homeschooled is currently: (choose 1) A not currently known B declining C stable D rising

D rising

In Western countries, small but increasingly large groups of people decide to not vaccinate their children. According to the vide what is the most common way that parents opt out of vaccination A. citing scientific evidence B. citing a medical exemption C. purposely making their child contract the disease D. Citing a personal belief exemption

D. Citing a personal belief exemption

How can autism diagnose be impacted by a cost-based model of school funding? A. The cost-based model distributes funding to schools according to the total number of students they have (not # diagnoses) which might reduce the number of reported diagnoses B. The cost-based model distributes funding to schools for children who have a diagnosis of Aspergers but not ASD, which width lead to parents and school to seek a diagnosis of Asperger's rather than ASD C. The cost-based model distributes funding to only to schools who are willing to adopt specific treatment programs, which might lead schools to report fewer diagnoses D. The cost-based model distributes funding to school according to the number of students with a diagnosis, which might lead parents and schools to seek a diagnosis for children who don't present all the signs of autism

D. The cost-based model distributes funding to school according to the number of students with a diagnosis, which might lead parents and schools to seek a diagnosis for children who don't present all the signs of autism

What is the overall conclusion of studies looking at the same effect of same parents on children's life outcomes? A. The negative effects on children raised by same sex couples are greater in boys than in girls B. Children raised by same sex couples exhibit higher risk of psychiatric distress C. Children raised by same sex couples are more likely to be confused about their sexual orientation D. The gender and sexual orientation of parents doesn't have negative effects on children

D. The gender and sexual orientation of parents doesn't have negative effects on children

What is a key take-away from studies on the relationship between vaccines and autism (choose 1) A. It can be concluded that vaccines cause autism B. Evidence shows that vaccines do not cause autism but vaccination and autism are nevertheless correlated C. There is credible evidence that vaccines cause autism, but more evidence is needed D. There is no credible evidence that vaccines cause autism

D. There is no credible evidence that vaccines cause autism

Which of the following adult outcomes is correlated with low executive control in early childhood, according to the Dunedin study (choose 1)? A. excessive marshmallow consumption B. adult preference for high fat foods C. adult sexual promiscuity D. adult criminal conviction

D. adult criminal conviction

The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Developmental examined childhood risk factors including _____, and adolescents snares including ____. (choose 1 ) A. self control-, childhood infections, working memory;; teen drug use, childhood obesity, early smoking B. self-control, IQ, socioeconomic status; teen drug use, childhood obesity, early smoking C. self-control, childhood infections, working memory; early smoking, school drop-out, teen parenthood D. self control, IQ, socio-economic status; early smoking, school drop-out, teen parenthood

D. self control, IQ, socio-economic status; early smoking, school drop-out, teen parenthood

Which situation discuss din the research paper suggests that the American Academic of Pediatrics and Public Health Service will modify their guidelines according to new research in the field of medicine (choose 1) A. The two institutions modified their policy regarding screen time under the age of 2 B. the two institutions recommended the immediate removal of the combined MMR vaccines from the vaccine schedule of young children C. The two institutions modified their criteria of autism D. The two intuitions recommend the immediate removal mercury from all vaccines given to young children

D.The two intuitions recommend the immediate removal mercury from all vaccines given to young children

Press Article 9: According to the article, what are the main findings of the study conducted by Dr. Reardon that compared performance on standardized tests across different generations? (Choose 2). A The difference in scores between high and low-income students increased by 40% since the 60's B There is no correlation between income and race C The difference in scores between black and white students is higher than the gap between high and low-income students D The difference in scores between black and white students no longer exists E The participation rate in standardized tests has decreased by 40% since the 60's F The difference in scores between black and white students has been surpassed by the gap between high and low-income students.

F The difference in scores between black and white students has been surpassed by the gap between high and low-income students.

True/False: Girls are more likely than boys to be diagnosed with ADHD

False

Video 38: The CDC recommends prescription drugs as a first line of treatment for ADHD, before behavioral therapy. True False

False

Some of the original authors of the Wakefield study alter concluded that there is no causal link between the MMR vaccine and autism True/False

True

T/F: 90% of US parents report having spanked their children

True

Video 5.68. Families who were rated as very religious were more likely to homeschool their kids. True False

True