cyann COMM 101 Key Concepts

Phase Theory of Group Development 1. orientation 2. conflict 3. emergence 4. reinforcement

1. getting to know everyone in the group 2. group members examine the issues related to their task and debate the best way to move forward 3. after a good discussion and examination of the task and its associated issues, the group produces a decision 4. the final phase where the completed work is praised, thus creating a strong degree of satisfaction for the group

The Tuckman Model of Group Development 1. forming 2. storming 3. norming 4. performing 5. adjourning

1. group members meet and engage in conversation in an effort to learn about each other 2. group members express open disagreement over what it will take to complete the task 3. movement from conflict to cohesion; disagreements have passed and group roles begin form 4. group members expend their efforts in developing solutions, finishing tasks, and working together 5. the group is finished with its task and moves to disband

Knapp's Stages of Relational Development : Coming Together

1. initiating - first steps to interact with someone of interest 2. experimenting - engage in conversation about surface level interests and topics with the other person to see if your interest is not expanded or not 3. intensifying - you invest more time in each other, learn more about a person's history, interests and goals 4. integrating - partners begin to develop a sense of an identity for their relationship with each other 5. bonding - partners make their deep commitment formal and public through an engagement

Stages of Mutual Self-disclosure

1. orientation stage - individuals engage in small talk and follow social norms for appropriateness and social desirability 2. exploratory affective exchange stage - individuals begin to reveal themselves by sharing potential attitudes and opinions about some moderately personal topics like govt, education and current events 3. affective exchange stage - individuals begin talking about private and personal matters 4. stable exchange stage - individuals have a deep level of trust and are sharing their deepest personal thoughts, beliefs, and values with each other 5. depenetration - individuals begin to withdraw from the relationship

Three Stages of the Perception Process

1. selection 2. organization 3. interpretation

Knapp's Stages of Relational Development: Coming Apart

6. differentiating - partners begin to separate themselves from each other 7. Circumscribing - partners are primarily living different lives and their conversations are increasingly limited in scope and depth 8. stagnation - couples are together but living separate lives and rarely talk with each other 9. avoidance - couple actively avoids interaction 10. terminating stage - couples move into a post-relationship phase where they may choose to keep in contact or not

Social Exchange Theory

a theory suggesting that relationship behavior is regulated by the evaluation of perceived rewards and costs of the interaction by both sides

Multiple Intelligence Theory

although all individuals can access and learn about the world through each of the seven intelligences, people differ in the strength of their aptitude or preference for those various intelligences

The Johari Window

breaks what we and others know about ourselves into four distinct areas: open- known to self and others, blind- not known to self and known to others, hidden- known to self and not known to others and unknown- neither party knows

Thomas-Kilman Conflict Styles

competing, collaborating, avoiding, accommodating and compromising

High vs Low Power Distance Culture

cultures with high power distance have high levels of inequality in power distribution in organizations, families etc whereas cultures with low power distance have less inequality

Long-term vs Short-term Orientation Culture

cultures with long-term orientation are pragmatic and focus on future rewards with an emphasis on saving whereas short-term orientation cultures focus on the present and past and emphasize national pride, tradition, and social obligations

Pluralistic Families

families are high in conversation but low in conformity orientation; they encourage open, unrestrained communication and evaluate all family members' contributions on their own merit

Consensual Families

families are high in conversation orientation and high in conformity orientation; they encourage open conversation and the exploration of ideas

Protective Families

families are low in conversation orientation and high in conformity orientation; they emphasize obedience to authority, and parents make decisions for their children and rarely explain why

High vs Low Uncertainty Avoidance Culture

have a low tolerance for ambiguity and minimize the possibility of uncomfortable, unstructured situations by enforcing strict rules, safety, measures and a belief in absolute truth

Individualist vs Collectivist Culture

individualistic societies have loose ties between individuals and expect each person to look out for himself or herself or immediate family. Collectivist cultures have strong ties between individuals, strong communal bonds, and often live in extended families that are deeply loyal to the group

Indulgent vs Restrained Cultures

indulgent cultures freely allow gratification of desires that allow individuals to enjoy life and have fun. Restrained cultures have strict social norms and discourage acting simply out of want

Action Model of Communication

linear model; communication is understood as a one way process where the sender sends a message to who receiver who decodes it

Laissez-faire Families

low in conversation orientation and low in conformity orientation; family members are uninvolved, have limited conversations and believe that all family members should make their own decisions

Masculine vs Feminine Culture

refers to the distribution of emotional roles between the genders and the difference in the values of men and women

Interaction Model of Communication

shows communication as a two-way process instead of a one way one; feedback takes places after the receiver decodes the sender's message

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

shows that first people need to fill physiological needs such as food and sleep before seeking safety for themselves and their families; B-T: basic/physiological needs, safety, love/belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization

Uncertainty Reduction Theory

the idea that increased knowledge of another person improves our ability to predict future behaviors and thus reduces our own uncertainty

Social Penetration Theory

the process of creating and maintaining deeper intimacy with another person takes place through gradual and mutual self-disclosure

Transactional Model of Communication

this model doesn't differentiate between the sender and receiver because both parties take part in both tasks; simultaneous communication

Models of Communication

three primary models used to explain the communication process