Cyber Ch. 5

The formal decision-making process used when considering the economic feasibility of implementing information security controls and safeguards is called a(n) __________.

CBA

Risk _________ is the application of security mechanisms to reduce the risks to an organization's data and information systems.

Control

plans usually include all preparations for the recovery process, strategies to limit losses during the disaster, and detailed steps to follow when the smoke clears, the dust settles, or the flood waters recede.

DR

The _________ control strategy attempts to eliminate or reduce any remaining uncontrolled risk through the application of additional controls and safeguards.

Defense

Some people search trash and recycling bins—a practice known as _________—to retrieve information that could embarrass a company or compromise information security.

Dumpster Diving

A(n) _________ is an authorization issued by an organization for the repair, modification, or update of a piece of equipment.

FCO

A best practice proposed for a small to medium-sized business will be similar to one used to help design control strategies for a large multinational company.

False

A data classification scheme is a formal access control methodology used to assign a level of availability to an information asset and thus restrict the number of people who can access it.

False

A(n) disaster recovery plan includes the steps necessary to ensure the continuation of the organization when a disaster's scope or scale exceeds the ability of the organization to restore operations, usually through relocation of critical business functions to an alternate location.

False

According to Sun Tzu, if you know yourself and know your enemy, you have an average chance to be successful in an engagement.

False

Baselining is the comparison of past security activities and events against the organization's current performance.

False

Cost mitigation ​is the process of preventing the financial impact of an incident by implementing a control.

False

Cost-benefit analyses (CBAs) cannot be calculated after controls have been functioning for a time, as observation over time prevents precision in evaluating the benefits of the safeguard and determining whether it is functioning as intended.

False

Each of the threats faced by an organization must be evaluated, including determining the threat's potential to endanger the organization, which is known as a threat prioritization. _________________________

False

Identifying human resources, documentation, and data information assets of an organization is less difficult than identifying hardware and software assets.

False

In information security, benchmarking is the comparison of past security activities and events against the organization's current performance

False

Loss event frequency is the combination of an asset's value and the percentage of it that might be lost in an attack. T or F

False

One advantage to benchmarking is that best practices change very little over time.

False

Operational feasibility is an assessment of whether the organization can acquire the technology necessary to implement and support the proposed control.

False

Process-based measures are comparisons based on observed numerical data, such as numbers of successful attacks.

False

Residual risk is the risk that has not been removed, shifted, or planned for after vulnerabilities have been completely resolved.

False

TVA safeguard risk is a combined function of (1) a threat less the effect of threat-reducing safeguards, (2) a vulnerability less the effect of vulnerability-reducing safeguards, and (3) an asset less the effect of asset value-reducing safeguards.

False

The defense control strategy is the risk control strategy that attempts to eliminate or reduce any remaining uncontrolled risk through the application of additional controls and safeguards, but it is not the preferred approach to controlling risk.

False

Within a data classification scheme, "comprehensive" means that an information asset should fit in only one category.

False

Within data classification schemes, it is important that all categories used be classified and mutually exclusive. T or F

False

Within organizations, the most important feasibility is technical feasibility, which defines what can and cannot occur based on the consensus and relationships between the communities of interest.

False

You cannot use qualitative measures to rank information asset values.

False

In a cost-benefit analysis, a single loss expectancy (SLE) is the calculated value associated with the most likely loss from an attack; the SLE is the product of the asset's value and the annualized loss expectancy.

False *Asset Value * Exposure Factor

The computed value of the ALE compares the costs and benefits of a particular control alternative to determine whether the control is worth its cost

False *CBA

Pervasive risk is the amount of risk that remains to an information asset even after the organization has applied its desired level of controls.

False *Its residual risk

Risk mitigation is the process of assigning a risk rating or score to each information asset. T or F

False *Its risk assessment

Knowing yourself means identifying, examining, and understanding the threats facing the organization.

False *Knowing the enemy

Process-based measures are performance measures that are focused on numbers and are less strategic than metric-based measures.

False *its more strategic

Risk control is the enumeration and documentation of risks to an organization's information assets.

Fasle

_________plan specifies the actions an organization can and should take while an adverse event is in progress. An adverse event could result in loss of an information asset or assets, but it does not currently threaten the viability of the entire organization.

IR

The calculation of the likelihood of an attack coupled with the attack frequency to determine the expected number of losses within a specified time range is called the __________.

Loss Frequency

______ addresses are sometimes called electronic serial numbers or hardware addresses.

MAC

_____ feasibility analysis examines user acceptance and support, management acceptance and support, and the overall requirements of the organization's stakeholders.

Operational

The __________ is the difference between an organization's observed and desired performance.

Performance Gap

_____equals the probability of a successful attack multiplied by the expected loss from a successful attack plus an element of uncertainty.

Risk

A _________ assigns a status level to employees to designate the maximum level of classified data they may access.

Security clearance scheme

When organizations adopt security measures for a legal defense, they may need to show that they have done what any prudent organization would do in similar circumstances. This is referred to as

Standards of due care

The __________ control strategy attempts to shift risk to other assets, other processes, or other organizations.

Transference

A(n) qualitative assessment is based on characteristics that do not use numerical measures.

True

Benchmarking is the process of comparing other organizations' activities against the practices used in one's own organization to produce results it would like to duplicate.

True

Best business practices are often called recommended practices.

True

Establishing a competitive business model, method, or technique enables an organization to provide a product or service that is superior and creates a(n) competitive advantage. _

True

Exposure factor is the expected percentage of loss that would occur from a particular attack.

True

If the acceptance strategy is used to handle every vulnerability in the organization, its managers may be unable to conduct proactive security activities and may portray an apathetic approach to security in general.

True

In addition to their other responsibilities, the three communities of interest are responsible for determining which control options are cost effective for the organization.

True

Likelihood is the probability that a specific vulnerability within an organization will be the target of an attack.

True

Operational feasibility is also known as behavioral feasibility.

True

Organizations should communicate with system users throughout the development of the security program, letting them know that changes are coming, and reduce resistance to these expected changes through communication, education, and involvement.

True

Security efforts that seek to provide a superior level of performance in the protection of information are referred to as best business practices.

True

Some information security experts argue that it is virtually impossible to determine the true value of information and information-bearing assets.

True

The mitigation control strategy attempts to reduce the impact of a successful attack through planning and preparation.

True

The most common example of a mitigation procedure is a contingency plan.

True

The results from risk assessment activities can be delivered in a number of ways: a report on a systematic approach to risk control, a project-based risk assessment, or a topic-specific risk assessment.

True

The threats-vulnerabilities-assets (TVA) worksheet is a document that shows a comparative ranking of prioritized assets against prioritized threats, with an indication of any vulnerabilities in the asset/threat pairings.

True

The value of information to the organization's competition should influence the asset's valuation.

True

To determine if the risk to an information asset is acceptable or not, you estimate the expected loss the organization will incur if the risk is exploited.

True

When determining the relative importance of each asset, refer to the organization's mission statement or statement of objectives to determine which elements are essential, which are supportive, and which are merely adjuncts.

True

When it is necessary to calculate, estimate, or derive values for information assets, you might give consideration to the value incurred from the cost of protecting the information.

True

Federal agencies such as the NSA, FBI, and CIA use specialty classification schemes. For materials that are not considered "National Security Information," __________ data is the lowest-level classification.

Unclassified

Risk_____defines the quantity and nature of risk that organizations are willing to accept as they evaluate the trade-offs between perfect security and unlimited accessibility

acceptance

Risk _________ defines the quantity and nature of risk that organizations are willing to accept as they evaluate the trade-offs between perfect security and unlimited accessibility.

appetite

The concept of competitive _________ refers to falling behind the competition.

disadvantage

Management of classified data includes its storage and

distribution,portability, destruction

The first phase of risk management is

risk identification

one way to determine which information assets are valuable is by evaluating which information asset(s) would expose the company to liability or embarrassment if revealed

true

assets or threats can be prioritized by identifying criteria with differing levels of importance, assigning a score for each of the criteria, and then summing and ranking those scores.

weighted factor analysis