D265 - Lesson 2: Distinguishing Between Premises and Conclusions

Which words or phrases are conclusion indicators? Choose 2 answers. - As a result - For - Hence - As indicated by

"As a result" is correct. "As a result" indicates the introduction of a claim supported by premises. "Hence" is correct. "Hence" indicates the introduction of a claim supported by premises.

Which words or phrases are premise indicators? Choose 2 answers. - In that - Consequently - It follows that - Because

"In that" is correct. "In that" indicates the introduction of a reason supporting the conclusion. "Because" is correct. "Because" indicates the introduction of a reason supporting the conclusion.

Given that 2 + 2 = 4, and 8 - 4 = 4; therefore 2 + 2 = 8 - 4. What is the structure of the premises? - A + B + C = D - A + B = C, D - E = C - A + A = D - E - A2 + B 2 = C 2

- A + B = C, D - E = C This correctly shows the structure of the premises, replacing integers with letters to show the form.

Most students in the class scored less than 70% on the exam. This means that the exam was too difficult to accurately assess student learning. Therefore, as exams are supposed to accurately assess student learning, the exam must be revised and readministered. Which statement is the conclusion of the above argument? - The exam must be revised and readministered. - Some students in the class scored higher than 70% on the exam. - Exams are supposed to accurately assess student learning. - Most students in the class scored less than 70% on the exam.

- The exam must be revised and readministered. "Therefore" is a conclusion indicator that introduces the statement the premises are meant to support. In this case, the conclusion does not immediately follow the indicator word but is interrupted by a clause stating a premise.

"Since we cannot go out until the restaurant opens, and given that we are trying to save money, we should just hang out here until closer to dinner." Which statements are the premises of the above argument? Choose 2 answers. - We cannot go out until the restaurant opens. - We are trying to save money. - We should just hang out here until closer to dinner. - We can have a good time without spending money.

- We cannot go out until the restaurant opens. - We are trying to save money. "We cannot go out until the restaurant opens" is correct. "Since" is a premise indicator that introduces a reason supporting the conclusion. "We are trying to save money" is correct. "Given that" is a premise indicator that introduces a reason supporting the conclusion.

Problem: 2+3 = 5, and 5 > 1. Based on that, we know that 2+3 > 1.

Premise 1: 2+3 = 5 Premise 2: 5 > 1 Conclusion: 2+3 > 1

Problem: John Does not like sour things. All lemons are sour. Therefore, John does not like lemons.

Premise 1: John does not like sour things. Premise 2: All lemons are sour. Conclusion: John Doe snot like lemons.

Problem: The patient needs pain relievers. We know this because the patient has complained of pain, and the pain hasn't gone away for over an hour.

Premise 1: The patient has complained of pain. Premise 2: The pain hasn't gone away for over an hour. Conclusion: The patient needs pain relievers.

Problem: We need to increase sales in our department. Because we recently fired two sales associates, we need to hire new sales associates, since we will not be able to increase sales while down two members.

Premise 1: We need to increase sales in our department Premise 2: We recently fired two sales associates. Premise 3: We will not be able to increase sales while down two members. Conclusion: We need to hire new sales associates.

Premise

Proposition intended to support the conclusion

Conclusion

Proposition supported by the premises

Which two are true of a conclusion? Choose 2 answers. - It is supported by premises. - It is always at the end of an argument. - It supports the premises. - It is a proposition.

That's right! By definition, a conclusion is a proposition that is supported by premises. That's right! By definition, a conclusion is a proposition that is supported by premises.