D.E.A.D. - Pathology

Legendary Tennessee women's college basketball coach Pat Summitt was diagnosed with this condition at age 59 after a work-up at the renowned Mayo Clinic in Rochester Minnesota, where she went for a troubling series of mental lapses over the past year. A woman who was always highly organized and efficient repeatedly asked for times of team meetings, lost her keys frequently, was late to practice and, on occasion, simply stayed in bed all day. Highly unlike her, friends asked the coach is she was having memory issues to which she replied, "Sometimes I draw blanks," such as a past season when she drew a blank as to what offensive set to call in the heat of a game. She remembers trying to coach and trying to figure out schemes and it just wasn't coming to her. Summitt attributed her symptoms to a reaction to a powerful rheumatoid arthritis drug she was prescribed but the results from Mayo showed otherwise. This disease eventually causes massive brain shrinkage. She was diagnosed with a progressive disease that essentially destroys memory and other important mental functions over time. The rate at which the disease progresses varies from person to person. What condition does Coach Summitt have? (Hint...the Long Goodbye):

Alzheimer's Disease

There are _ bones in the axial skeleton.

80

Myocarditis is a disease that primarily involves the

Heart

Of the following body organs, the one mainly involved in pneumoconiosis is the

Lung

This system is comprised of a network of organs, nodes, ducts and vessels that make or move fluid from tissues to the bloodstream .This system also makes up the majority of your immune system including the tonsils, adenoids, spleen and thymus.What might this system be?

Lymphatic System

the prefix "neo" means

New

Mrs. Johnson, a 61 year old woman presents to her physician with the chief complaint of a hand tremor that has worsened over the past 3 years. The tremor occurs when she uses her hands for activities such as slicing vegetables, sewing, putting on her lipstick or typing at her computer. Family history is positive for two grandparents who also "had the shakes" later in life and she fears this is what she has as well. Also known as the "shaking palsy" what is likely her diagnosis?

Parkinson's Disease

Two glands that sit one atop each kidney, made up of two parts, the cortex and the medulla. The cortex produces hormones that are vital to life, such as cortisol (helps regulate metabolism and stress) and aldosterone (essential for blood pressure control). The medulla, produces nonessential hormones such as adrenaline . Also these glands are called suprarenal glands.

adrenal

The presence of serum protein in the urine is called

albuminuria

Which of the following might be a postmortem condition of cirrhosis? jaundice ascites edema

all of these

A malignant neoplasm of bone tissue is called

an osteosarcoma

Immobility and consolidation of a joint due to disease, injury or surgical procedure. Can be caused by rheumatoid arthritis, infection and traumatic injury to the joint. When I had my neck surgery, a cadaver disc was put in between C5 and C6 and C6 and C7 and a plate was placed to hold the vertebrae in place. In a year, x-rays showed the vertebrae completely grew together called a fusion. This is a type of this condition that can severely restrict movement.

ankylosis

Complete urinary suppression is called

anuria

Marrow suppression resulting from drugs and/or chemicals, radiation, infection and metabolic disorder is:

aplastic anemia

The thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries is called

arteriosclerosis

Inflammation of a joint is called:

arthritis

The typical lesions of rheumatic heart disease are

aschoff bodies

A leiomyoma is a _ neoplasm of the ovary.

benign

A neuroma is a

benign tumor of nervous tissue

Phenol is also called:

carbolic acid

The formation of a cavity is called

cavitation

The prefix "cyto" means

cell

A result of cerebral hemorrhage could be

cerebral vascular accident, apoplexy, or stroke

The largest part of the brain is the _, this contain tools which are responsible for most of the brains function. It is divided into 4 sections.

cerebrum

Inflammation of the gall bladder is called

cholecytitis

The formation of calculi in the gall bladder is called

cholelithiasis

Inflammation of the large intestine is called

colitis

A nevus is:

commonly referred to as a mole

Edema is a likely result of which of these:

congestive heart failure

Myocardial infarction is a likely after-effect of

coronary thrombosis

A disorder of the pituitary gland characterized by intense thirst and the excretion of large amounts of urine is:

diabetes insipidus

The identification of a disease is called:

diagnosis

The suffix "pathy" means

disease

Which of the following terms represent a type of aneursym? caseous ischemia dissecting infiltration

dissecting

A free-flowing particle in the blood is called a(n)

embolus

When a thrombus is released into the blood stream, it is then known as a(n)

embolus

Pus in the pleural cavity is called

empyema

Melanin bears a relationship to

endogenous pigmentation

Inflammation of the small intestine is called

enteritis

A condition characterized by periodic disturbances of consciousness is known as

epilepsy

An embolus may consist of

fragment of thrombi, bacteria, or tumor cells

What condition may result from embolism?

gangrene

That branch of pathology dealing with the body as a whole, without regard to any particular organ or system is

general pathology

Inflammation of the tongue is called

glossitis

A tumor-like swelling filled with blood may be called a

hematoma

Blood in the sputum is referred to as

hemoptysis

Petechia are types of:

hemorrhages

Which of the following is NOT a kind of muscle in the body?

hinge

A type of edema which affects the scrotum is

hydrocele

A controlled enlargement of a body organ or part due to an increase in the number of it component cells describes

hyperplasia

A mass of necrotic tissue that results from circulatory obstruction is call a(n)

infarct

An area of necrotic tissue that result from a faulty blood supply to the area is called a/n:

infarct

The reaction of tissue to an irritant is called

inflammation

These types of bones are found in areas such as the vertebrae and certain bones of the skull and pelvis. They can vary in size and shape.

irregular

Of the following pathological conditions, the one that is most closely associated with infarction is:

ischemia

A condition that is hematopoietic disorder is

leukemia

It is characteristic of leukemia to be accompanied by a massive proliferation of

leukocytes

Of the following neoplasms, the one that is a malignant tumor composed of a mass of minute lymph vessels is a myosarcoma lipodsarcoma chondrosarcoma lymphangiosarcoma

lymphangiosarcoma

This system is responsible for producing spermatozoa, the sex cells, introduced into the reproductive tract of a female to fertilize and egg:

male reproductive

Melanoma is

malignant epithelium tissue

Leukocytosis is a condition that

may be physiological or pathological

A neoplasm that is malignant and pigmented is a:

melanoma

Inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain is called

meningitis

Blockage of a coronary artery is likely to lead to:

myocardial infarction

Atrophy of the thyroid gland in adults may result in:

myxedema

The peripheral nervous system is composed of the _ of the body through which the brain and spinal cord communicate with various body parts.

nerves

A condition characterized by the softening of a bone is

osteomalacia

An infection of a bone is called:

osteomyelitis

An excessive amount of blood in a body part due to decreased venous drainage is called

passive hyperemia

Shrinkage of muscle following paralysis caused by a CVA is an example of:

pathological atrophy

Acromegaly is a disease resulting from over activity of which of the following endocrine glands?

pituitary

A congenital deficiency is pituitary secretion may result in which of the following?

pituitary dwarfism

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord is

poliomyelitis

Polycythemia vera is an uncontrolled increase of

red blood cells

The replacement of destroyed tissue with the exact same kind of tissue is a process called

regeneration

Replacement of dead tissue cells with connective tissue cells is a process called

repair

The replacement of destroyed tissue with connective tissue is called

repair

A disorder believed to develop as an after effect of a severe streptococcal infection is

rheumatic heart disease

This type of arthritis manifests as an inflammatory disorder that can affect more than just your joints .An autoimmune disorder, it occurs when your immune system mistakenly attack's your own body tissues and affects the lining of your joints, causing a painful swelling that can eventually result in bone erosion and joint deformity. Symptoms of this condition include tender, warm and swollen joints, joint stiffness in the morning and after activity, and fatigue, fever, and weight loss. It is characterized by the formation of hard, subcutaneous which form in the vicinity of the joints (on arms near elbows). What type or arthritis is this?

rheumatoid arthritis

Inflammation of the nasal mucousa is called

rhinitis

Which of the following conditions is caused by a deficiency of some sort? ascites keloids rickets all of these

rickets

Inflammation of the mouth is called

stomatitis

A twisting segment of intestine is known as

volvulus

The most common form of diabetes accounting for 95% of diabetes cases in adults. It is often called adult-onset diabetes (or non-insulin-dependent) but with the epidemic of obesity and overweight kids, teenagers can come down with this type as well. It is often a milder form with kidney, nerve and eye issues as well . Typically, in this type the pancreas produces insulin but not enough for the body's needs or the body is resistant to it. Obese people are at particularly high risk of developing this type of diabetes. There is no cure, but the condition can be managed with weight and nutrition management, and exercise. Some oral medication might also be used.

Type II

A 40 year old African-American woman presented with a history of 3 children and one unsuccessful pregnancy . She has a full time job working as a clerk for a transportation company. She comes to her physician for an annual appointment following her last delivery 5 years ago where she had gestational diabetes.. She weighs 192 lbs. Her height is 5 foot 4 inches and she shows signs of high cholesterol, a normal blood pressure. liver function, cardiovascular condition, eye exam, normal pulses and sensation. Her urine shows no proteinuria. Her blood glucose, however is 235 on a fasting specimen. Questioned further, she does not follow any specific meal plan and tends to maintain a high fat diet with a large amount of fried foods and does not exercise regularly. What is her likely diagnosis?

Type II diabetes

Which is a thrombus?

a blood clot within the heart or vessels

a new and abnormal formation of tissue is

a neoplasm

A condition associated with too much growth hormone in the body. Usually results from a benign tumor in the pituitary. It is most often diagnosed in middle aged adults. In children, this manifests as gigantism but this after ossification and growth of tissues. They may experience enlargement and thickening of many of the bones in the skull, hands and feet, resulting in a "lion-faced" appearance.

acromegaly

A disease having sudden onset and short duration is referred to as

acute

Florence, a 60 year old lady presented to her family doctor complaining of a sudden onset of a severe headache, neck stiffness and back pain. A few days prior, she reported she had been redecorating her living room, which included re-arranging the furniture, She recalled her attempts at moving a particularly heavy coffee table, with the explosive headache developing soon afterwards. Her symptoms had been persistent since then. Her physician concluded she had suffered a neck sprain secondary to heavy lifting. No other diagnosis was considered. She was given pain medication and told to return if not better. In the following days, Florence's response to the pain medication was minimal and she went to the ER where stronger pain meds were prescribed. She had an x-ray of her neck as well. The next day a family member found Florence vomiting and displaying signs of confusion. On admission to the ER, a CT scan was ordered revealing bleeding in the area between the brain and the thin tissues that cover the brain due to trauma or an aneurysm, into the _________________ space and she was rushed for emergency surgery. Afterwards she had some neurological deficits suggestive of a brain injury.

subarachnoid

The formation of pus is a process called

suppuration

The subjective disturbances caused by disease that are felt or experienced by a patient but not directly measurable are called:

symptoms

Treponema pallidum is an organism which will cause

syphilis

General paresis is caused by syphilis in the

tertiary stage

Formation of a blood clot attached to the wall of the heart or blood vessel is called

thrombosis

A blood clot that has formed within a blood vessel during life and remains fixed in place is called a(n) _.

thrombus

Inflammation of the two oval shaped pads of tissues at the back of the throat. Signs and symptoms include swelling, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and tender lymph nodes on the side of the neck . Most cases are caused by infection by a virus or bacteria .Surgery to remove these was once common, is now performed when bacterial infection doesn't respond to treatment. Usually occurs in children of pre-school age to mid-teenage years.

tonsillitis

The granulomatous lesion of tuberculosis is the

tubercle

The presence of materials in the blood that are normally found in urine is a condition referred to as

uremia

A blister-like structure that contains a serous fluid is called a(n)

vesicle