Death and Dying Midterm
Which of the following are considered dimensions of thanatology? 1. Psychological 2. Anthropological 3. Political 4. Rational
1, 2, and 3
A mature concept of death involves 1. universality. 2. irreversibility. 3. empiricism. 4. causality.
1, 2, and 4
Agents of socialization include 1. family and peers. 2. school. 3. employers. 4. religion.
1, 2, and 4
Which of the following are included in Ernest Becker's "four strands of emphasis" in terror management theory (TMT)? 1. The world is a terrifying place. 2. There is always an underlying good versus evil struggle, and good ultimately prevails. 3. Because the terror of death is so overwhelming, we conspire to keep it unconscious. 4. The basic motivation for human behavior is the need to control our basic anxiety, to deny the terror of death.
1, 3, and 4
In a study of nursery rhymes, approximately what percentage describe ways in which humans or animals die or are mistreated?
50 percent
In the study done by Helen Swain, what percentage of children said that death is unlikely or avoidable?
66 percent
Studies conducted in the early 1940s by Sylvia Anthony showed that children can give general explanations for death by what age?
9 years old
According to the text, approximately what percentage of Americans are affiliated with a religious tradition?
90 percent
Regarding a mature concept of death, which of the following is true about universality?
All living things must eventually die.
According to Ulrich Beck, a German scholar and observer of the "cosmopolitan society," the human condition in the present century
cannot be understood nationally or locally but only globally.
Jean Piaget's model of development emphasizes
cognitive transformations.
According to Erikson psychosocial development depends significantly on developing a sense of identity and is linked to the individual's
connectedness and independence.
The largest area of empirical research in thanatology is concerned with the measurement of attitudes toward death and dying and more particularly
death anxiety.
Brief standardized printed statements following the death of an average citizen are called
death notices
Snuffed, ate it, wasted, and croaked are examples of
death talk
In traditional Hawaiian culture, mele kanikau may have been carefully composed or spontaneous and used
during the funeral procession.
Avoiding words like dead or dying, instead using phrases in which loved ones "pass away," the deceased is "laid to rest" and the corpse is "remains", is an example of
euphemisms
Substitutions of vague words or phrases for ones considered harsh are
euphemisms
Hibakusha is a Japanese word meaning
explosion affected.
According to Kellehear's description and social history of dying, the meaning of death
has changed over time.
All of the following are musical expressions associated with death EXCEPT lament. keening. dirge. hautsang.
hautsang
Children who have had first-hand encounters with death tend to
have a developmentally more mature understanding of death.
In 1963, the University of Minnesota
held the first formal course in death education.
Hannelore Wass observes that the study of death and dying will
help individuals and societies transcend self-interest in favor of concern for others.
In discussing how people understand death, the term "noncorporeal continuity" refers to the idea that
human beings survive in some form after the death of the physical body.
In reviewing the status of research and practice in thanatology, Herman Feifel points out that the
human mind operates on various levels of reality or finite provinces of meaning.
After someone dies, conversations about that person move from present to past tense. This form of speech is called the
indicative voice
In Erikson's model, the years from about 6 to the beginning of puberty is sometimes known as the
industrial age.
Suse Lowenstein's work Dark Elegy functions as a reminder that
life is fragile and survivors have to live with the loss.
Even when curative treatments have ended, the effort to control circumstances around death and dying so that it comes out "right" is termed
managed death.
Depictions of death in the mass media, in which the symbolic use of death contributes to an "irrational dread of dying and thus to a diminished vitality and self-direction in life" is referred to as
mean world syndrome
Referring to a deceased individual as "that one" is an example of
name avoidance.
Deaths of the famous are likely to be announced on the newspaper's front page as well as via feature-length
obituaries.
A feature length story on the death of someone famous is an
obituary
Thanatos, from Greek mythology, is generally understood as a response to the
personification of death
Human concern for the dead
predates written history.
All of the following tends to be an important influence on the development of children's attitudes toward death EXCEPT rising funeral costs. social network. children's literature. family.
rising funeral costs.
The establishment of death studies, in modern times, can be traced to explorations of death by
Freud
What is an example of resocialization?
Getting married
What are the two leading causes of death in the United States?
Heart disease and cancer
The modern scientific approach to the study of death is usually traced to a symposium organized in 1956 by
Herman Feifel
What has been called the "oil of society?"
Humor
What is the form of speech acknowledging the reality of death while distancing us from the dead, for example, "He was fond of music?"
Indicative voice
In Erikson's model, the years from about six to the beginning of puberty correspond to what stage?
Industry vs. inferiority
__________ has the longest life expectancy of countries worldwide.
Japan
Which of the following best defines socialization?
Learning and internalizing the norms, rules, and values of the society in which a person lives
The Dies Irae (Day of Wrath) is a musical symbol of death found in
Liszt's Totentanz.
What is the name of the Chinese version of Little Red Riding Hood or Granny Wolf?
Lon Po Po
Which of the following is NOT an example of the dimension of sociological thanatology? Response to disaster Pain and symptom control Disposal of the dead Socialization of children
Pain and symptom control
Which of the following factors does NOT affect our familiarity with death? Life expectancy Geographic mobility Medical technology Political decision making
Political decision making
According to Jean Piaget, at what stage does a child learn to use language and symbolic thinking to understand the world?
Preoperational
When asked, "What makes things die?" a child responds, "You can die if you swallow a dirty bug." According to Piaget's theory, this child is probably in which developmental stage?
Preoperational
In Erickson's model, approximately what age marks the beginning of the child's moral sense?
Preschool and kindergarten years
By what age do most children understand that death is a changed state?
Preschool years
What term refers to the uprooting and restructuring of basic attitudes, values, or identities?
Resocialization
__________ refers to strategies used to informally teach people about death and dying, involving an effort to change people's perceptions and behaviors.
Tactical socialization
What concept describes opportunities for learning that arise out of unplanned or unexpected occurrences?
Teachable moments
According to Kastenbaum, what is defined as "the study of life with death left in?"
Thanatology
Which of the following is NOT cited in the text as a journal in the field of death and dying? Illness, Crisis, and Loss The Carnegie Journal of Death Mortality Death Studies
The Carnegie Journal of Death
What do some commentators call the new "porn star" of popular culture?
The corpse
The story of Little Red Riding Hood in Chinese tradition differs from the Western version in what way?
The three children in the Chinese version work together as a group to kill the wolf.
The first formal course in death education at an American university was held at
University of Minnesota in 1963
Media experts say that the "reality violence" on TV news began with coverage of the
Vietnam War
Which of the following is NOT an example of Holocaust literature? -Warsaw Diary by Chaim Kaplan -Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank -Walking Skeleton by Richard Shaw -Night by Elie Wiesel
Walking Skeleton by Richard Shaw
According to George Gerbner, the "mean world syndrome" describes depictions of death in the mass media as embedded in a structure of violence that conveys
a heightened sense of danger.
The text cites the lullaby "Rockabye Baby" to illustrate the point that
a number of lullabies contain messages about human and animal death.
Themes of loss and death are heard in classical music. American blues music. laments. all of the above
all of the above
In reviewing death anxiety research, Robert Kastenbaum says that it
allows individuals to enjoy the illusion that death has been studied.
A "teachable moment" is one in which
an opportunity for learning arises out of ordinary experiences.
What is an example of a homemade condolence?
Comfort quilts
"cosmopolitan" society
Ideas and practices from other historical periods and cultures are valued and examined.
In Gerbner's "mean world syndrome", the symbolic use of death contributes to 1. an irrational dread of dying. 2. diminished vitality. 3. diminished self-direction in life. 4. an increased hoarding of weapons.
1,2, and 3
What term do social scientists use to describe the phenomenon of societies falling behind in dealing with new challenges resulting from rapid technological and social change?
Cultural lag
What can be defined as "all that in human society which is socially rather than biologically transmitted?"
Culture
In Piaget's model, what phase is marked by formulating concepts that are abstract or symbolic?
Formal operations
According to Erik Erikson's theory, during which developmental stage do children increasingly seek their own direction and purpose?
Initiative vs. guilt
In Erikson's model of psychosocial development, in what period is bodily mutilation and disfigurement one of the death related fears?
Initiative vs. guilt
What best defines socialization?
Learning and internalizing the norms, rules, and values of the society in which a person lives
What subcomponent of universality makes explicit the understanding not only that all living things die but also that each living thing will die?
Personal mortality
What is the largest ongoing community arts project in America?
The AIDS Memorial Quilt
Which of the following is NOT a musical expression associated with death? Elegy Requiem Veil tale Keening
Veil tale
What best reflects children's understandings of John F. Kennedy's assassination?
Younger children worried about the appearance of the president's body and the effects of the death on his family.
Research about death anxiety indicates that it tends to be higher among
blacks than whites.
Humanity received its name from the Latin root word humare, which means to
bury.
In Piaget's model, the first two years of life are characterized as the
sensorimotor.
What has been characterized as the largest area of empirical research in thanatology?
Death anxiety
Which of the following is NOT a way in which humor functions relative to death? Raises consciousness Encourages togetherness Discourages empathy Defuses anxiety
Discourages empathy
What theorist is associated with the developmental model that emphasizes changes in attitudes toward death during different psychosocial stages?
Erik Erikson
Epidemiologic transition is BEST defined as the
shift in disease patterns characterized by a redistribution of deaths from the young to the old.
The acquisition of a mature understanding of death is part of the developmental process known as
socialization.
In literature, the meaning of death is often explored as it relates to the individual as well as
society
While more young people than ever claim no religion, there seems to be a growing interest in
spirituality.
The model of human development devised by Erikson focuses on
stages of psychosocial development.
Research into death anxiety has been characterized by Kastenbaum as
thanatology's own assembly line.
In his emphasis relevant to terror management theory, Ernest Becker addressed
the need to control our basic anxiety and to deny the terror of death.
Lullabies and nursery rhymes often contain
themes of death and violence.
Approximately how much has the average life expectancy in the United States increased since 1900?
30 years
What is the fallacy of making judgments about others in terms of one's own cultural assumptions and ideas?
Ethnocentrism
Which of the following BEST describes the phrase "medical technology that seems to one person a godsend, extending life, may seem to another a curse?" -People do not know how to manipulate machinery. -People do not believe in the technology. -The effect of new technology helps define death. -The effect of new technology involves personal and social consequences and trade-offs.
The effect of new technology involves personal and social consequences and trade-offs.