Decreasing Behavior

What is the difference between differential reinforcement of alternative beh. (DRA) and differential reinforcement of incompatible beh. (DRI)?

The replacement beh. selected in DRA does not have to be incompatible with the problem beh.

The quote, "All behavior has a communication intent" (Carr, 1977) can be best explained by the statement: a. people who cannot comm. verbally will act out behaviorally b. beh. always serves a purpose of the person engaging in the beh. c. beh. is random and doesn't necessarily serve a purpose d. behavior is a result of circumstances

b. beh. always serves a purpose of the person engaging in the beh.

Under which of the following circumstances should extinction not be used? a. when everyone is willing to implement it b. when the person's problem behavior is mild c. when it could cause harm to the individual or others in the environment d. when it could cause the individual to become angry

c. when it could cause harm to the individual or others in the environment

Extinction works by: a. eliminating the source of problem beh. b. eliminating the source of desirable beh. c. abruptly stopping punishers for the problem beh. d. abruptly stopping reinforcement for problem beh.

d. abruptly stopping reinforcement for problem beh.

Which of the following functions of beh. involves avoiding a task or interaction? a. sensory stimulation b. over stimulation c. gain d. escape

d. escape

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment? a. paying a speeding ticket b. receiving a reprimand c. clearing up a mess you made d. being told no

a. paying a speeding ticket

Punishment is the result of a stimulus following a behavior that serves to: a. reduces the behavior b. increase the behavior c. describe the behavior d. provide the alternative behavior

a. reduces the behavior

Differential reinforcement works by: a. reinforcing only the beh. that should be increased while removing reinforcement from beh. that should be decreased b. reinforcing only the beh. that should be decrease while removing reinforcement from beh. that should be increased c. reinforcing all beh. a person engages in and punishing those that appear to be inappropriate d. ignoring all beh. a person engages in and reinforcing those that appear to occur more frequently

a. reinforcing only the beh. that should be increased while removing reinforcement from beh. that should be decreased

In which situations are differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL) used? a. behaviors that are acceptable at high rates b. behaviors that are acceptable at low rates c. behaviors that are acceptable in most circumstances d. behaviors that are not acceptable under any circumstances

b. behaviors that are acceptable at low rates

Which of the following is an example of overcorrection? a. Mary was put in timeout for throwing toys b. Mary lost recess for calling others bad names c. Mary had to clean the bathroom wall because she wrote on it d. Mary got 3 points taken away for not finishing her work.

c. Mary had to clean the bathroom wall because she wrote on it

Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) involves: a. reinforcing each and every appropriate beh. and ignoring the problem beh. b. ignoring the problem beh. and reinforcing appropriate beh. at the end of the day c. setting an interval for the problem behavior not to be displayed and reinforcing if it is not displayed d. giving the individual a choice in which beh. they want to display instead of the problem beh.

c. setting an interval for the problem behavior not to be displayed and reinforcing if it is not displayed

At what point should a behavior reduction plan be considered? a. when punishment no longer works b. when reinforcement no longer works c. when environmental variables for behavior are ruled out d. when environmental variables for behavior are added

c. when environmental variables for behavior are ruled out

Which of the following is an example of positive punishment? a. taking away points for talking out in class b. not allowing a teen to use the car because they broke curfew c. placing a child in time out for biting d. telling someone "no" when they are about to run into the street

d. telling someone "no" when they are about to run into the street