Dental Assisting Chapter 19 Study Guide

role is to issue specific standards to protect the health of employees in the U.S

OSHA

the CDC expanded the concept and changes the term to ---- integrate and expand the elements of universal precautions into a standard of care designed to protect healthcare providers from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other body fluid, excretion, or secretion

standard precautions

a person who is unable to resist infection by the pathogen. an individual who is in poor health, chronically fatigues, or under extreme stress or who has a weakened immune system is more likely to become infected

susceptible host

should you have your blood tested post HBV vaccine?

the CDC does not recommend it

is their a need for a booster?

the CDC does not recommend routine booster doses

should an employer keep medical records for their employee

the employers must keep a confidential record for each employee

personal protective equipment (PPE)

protective clothing, surgical masks, face shield, protective eye-wear, disposable patient treatment gloves, heavy-duty utility gloves

what qualities should a sharps container have..

puncture resistant, closable, leak proof, and color-coded or labeled with the biohazard symbol

in addition to being virulent, pathogenic microorganisms must be present in ----- to overwhelm the body's defenses

reservoir

contaminated needles and other disposable sharps, such as scalpel blades, orthodontic wired, and broken glass, must be placed into..

sharps container

correct way to handle a mask...

touch the side edges only, avoid contact with the heavily contaminated body of mask, conform well to face, and do not make contact with mouth.

alcohol based hand rubs, the products are more effective at reducing microbial flora than plain soap, or even an antimicrobial handwasher?

true

all gloves used in patient care must be discarded after single use

true

chemicals such as glutaraldehyde and acrylates readily pass through latex gloves and can irritate the skin

true

do you wash your hands when you inadvertently touch contaminated objects or surfaces while barehanded

true

if you touch these objects with a gloves hand, both the surface and glove become contaminated

true

masks should be changes for every patient or more often if moist?

true

over gloves are discarded after a single use

true

over gloves are not acceptable alone as a hand barrier or for intraoral procedures

true

over gloves, which also are known as "food handler" gloves, are made of lightweight, inexpensive clear plastic

true

should you wash your hands each time before you put on gloves and immediately after you remove gloves

true

the BBP prohibits the employee from taking protective clothing home to be laundered. laundering of contaminated protective clothing is the responsibility of the employer

true

the type of protective clothing you should wear is based on the degree anticipated exposure to infectious material

true

these gloves may not be washed, disinfected, or sterilized; however they may be rinsed with water to remove excess powder

true

these may be worn over contaminated gloves (over gloving) to prevent the contamination of clean objects handled during treatment.

true

these products are very "dose sensitive"

true

to minimize the possibility of cross-contamination, use an over glove when it is necessary to touch a surface

true

utility gloves are used for direct patient care

true

utility gloves may be washed, disinfected, or sterilized and reused

true

utility gloves must be considered contaminated and handled appropriately until they have been properly disinfected or sterilized

true

you must wear a new pair of gloves for each patient?

true

is based on the concept that all human blood and body fluids are to be treated as if known to be infected with the bloodborne disease. HBV, HCV, or HIV

universal precautions

the chain of infection consists of four parts

1nfectious agent, reservoir, portal of entry, and susceptible host.

role is to issue specific recommendation based on sound scientific evidence on health-related matters

CDC

two federal agencies that play a roll in infection control for dentistry

CDC and OSHA

torn or damaged gloves must be replaced after treatment is completed

false

developed over a person's lifetime

acquired immunity

symptoms are often quite severe and appear soon after the initial infection occurs

acute infection

also known as droplet infection, involves the spread of disease through droplets of moisture containing bacteria or viruses

airborne transmission

antibodies are introduce into the body by mean of immunization or vaccination

artificially acquired immunity

where should a sharps container be located?

as close as possible to the place of immediate disposal

involves direct or indirect contact with blood or other body fluids

blood-borne transmission

in these infections, the microorganism is present for a long period; some may persist for life

chronic infection

after each treatment or patient visit we --- and ----- our eyewear

clean, decontaminate

one that can be transmitted from one person to another or by contact with the body fluids from another person

communicable disease

follow-up measures for exposed worker

confidential medical counseling, HIV test series immediately and at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months, HBV immune globulin, tetanus booster, and documentation of incident on appropriate OSHA form

is a waste that has contact with blood or other body fluids

contaminated waste

any type of facilities where BBP could occur are..

dental and medical offices, hospitals, funeral homes, emergency medical services, and nursing homes

the bloodborne pathogens standard (BBP) is the most important infection control law in dentistry, what does it do?

designed to protect employees against occupational exposure to blood borne, disease causing organisms, such as HBV, HCV, and HIV

what is the most common route of disease transmission

direct contact

to cause an infection, a pathogen must have means of getting into the body, list the means of entry

direct contact, indirect contact, droplet infection, parental transmission

how do bloodborne pathogens gain access into the blood supply or body?

direct or indirect contact with blood or other bodily fluids

occurs when someone comes into direct contact with the infectious lesion or infected body fluids

direct transmission

what are the two most common types of masks?

dome shaped, and flat

happens during a dental procedure when the mucosa or nonintact skin is splashed with blood or blood contaminated saliva

droplet infection

occurs through mucosal surfaces of the eyes, nose, mouth. it can occur when the dental-team member inhales aerosol generated by the dental handpiece or air-water syringe

droplet infection

if BBP should occur

employers have to provide proper care to the employee if an exposure should occur

the procedure for re-gloving is:

excuse yourself and leave the chairside, remove and discard the damaged gloves, wash hands thoroughly, re-glove before returning to dental procedure.

referred to in the OSHA bloodborne pathogens standard

exposure control plan

eyewear is worn to protect?

eyes against pathogens

all jewelry can be on under gloves

false

bar soap should be used when washing hands

false

for surgical procedures, you should use germicidal surgical scrub product

false

occurs when proper sanitation procedures, such as hand washing after use of the toilet, are not followed and one of the many pathogens present in fecal matter is transmitted when the infected person touches another person or makes contact with surfaces or food

fecal-oral transmission

occurs when contaminated food that has not been cooked or refrigerated properly or water that has been contaminated with human or animal fecal material is consumed.

food and water transmission

OSHA requires the use of eyewear with both ---- and ------

front, side

all nonhazardous, nonregulated waste should be discarded in covered containers

general waste

what is the most critical PPE?

gloves

ways to prevent disease transmission from the patient to the dental team member

gloves, hand washing, masks, rubber dams, patient mouth rinses

dental office-to-community transmission prevention

handwashing, changing clothes before leaving the office, disinfection impressions and contaminated equipment before such items leave the office

poses a risk to human beings and the environment. toxic chemicals and materials are hazardous waste

hazardous waste

occurs when the team member touches a contaminated surface or instrument

indirect contact

involves transfer of organisms to a susceptible person through, for example, the handling of contaminated instruments or touching of contaminated surfaces and then touching the face, eyes, or mouth

indirect transmission

present at birth

inherited immunity

patient-to-patient disease transmission prevention

instrument sterilization, surface barriers, handwashing, gloves

a persistent infection in which the symptoms come and go; cold sores fall in this category. give and example

latent infection, and herpes zoster

occurs when a person has contracted and is recovering from a disease

naturally acquired immunity

two kinds of immunity are

naturally and artificially

should you ever recap needles?

never recap needles with both hands

can a shield be substituted for a face mask?

no, does not protect you enough

caused by normally non-pathogenic organisms, opportunistic infections occur in individuals whose resistance is decreased or compromised

opportunistic infection

examples of general waste include..

paper towels, paper mixing pods, and empty food containers

can take place through needle stick injuries, human bites, cuts, abrasions, or any break in the skin

parenteral transmission

every dental office should have an infection control program designed to prevent the transmission of disease from..

patient to dental team, dental team to patient, patient to patient, and dental office to community

a mask is worn above the nose and mouth to protect you from inhaling?

possible infectious organisms spread by the aerosol spray of the handpiece or air-water syringe and accidental splashes.

this plan explains exactly what steps the employee must follow after the exposure incident occurs and the type of medical follow-up that will be provided to the employee at no charge, this plan is called?

post-exposure management

protective clothing requirements

protective clothing should be made of fluid-resistant material, minimize the amount of skin shown, long sleeves and high neckline, design of the sleeve should allow the cuff to be tucked inside the band of the glove, buttons trim, zippers, and other ornamentation should be kept to a minimum.

it is not possible to identify those individuals who are infectious, so infection precautions are used for all healthcare personnel and their patients, what is this called?

universal precautions

examples of contaminated waste are

used barriers, patient napkins, and household type waste

how should you recap needles?

using the single handed scoop technique or some type of safety device

the degree of pathogenicity or strength of that organism in its ability to produce disease

virulence

community-to-dental office-to-patient transmission... how do microorganisms enter the dental office through the municipal water that supplies the dental unit

waterborne organisms colonize inside dental unit waterlines and form biofilm, and water flows through hand piece, air-water syringe, and ultrasonic scaler into patients mouth.

utility gloves must be worn:

when treatment room is being cleaned, contaminated instrument are being cleaned, and surface cleaning and disinfection

should patients be provided with protective eyewear?

yes