DEP 11

The formal operational stage of cognitive development begins around age 11. 21. 8. 16.

11.

__________ is a developmental period that serves as a bridge between asexual childhood and sexual adulthood.

Adolescence

What is the overall term for an adolescent's heightened self-consciousness? Adolescent egocentrism Personal fable Adolescent self-consciousness Imaginary audience

Adolescent egocentrism

What is the normal age range in which menarche occurs? Between 9 and 15 Between 11 and 13 Between 5 and 8 Between 15 and 16

Between 9 and 15

Select all that apply Adolescents exhibit which of the following reactions to their sexuality? Confusion Clear understanding Curiosity Vulnerability

Confusion Curiosity Vulnerability

True or false: Being obese in adolescence does not predict obesity in emerging adulthood. True False

False

True or false: Scientists have found that adolescents' brains undergo minimal structural changes. True False

False

When does a girl's first menstruation occur? In the middle of the pubertal cycle Late in the pubertal cycle After the conclusion of the pubertal cycle Early in the pubertal cycle

Late in the pubertal cycle

Select all that apply What are some aspects involved in developing a sexual identity? Learning to regulate sexual behavior to avoid undesirable consequences Making decisions about whether or not one desires to be a parent Breaking off an engagement Learning to manage sexual feelings Developing new forms of intimacy

Learning to regulate sexual behavior to avoid undesirable consequences Learning to manage sexual feelings Developing new forms of intimacy

Select all that apply What are some factors that can affect the timing of puberty? Maternal harshness Sexual orientation Family conflict Low socioeconomic status

Maternal harshness Family conflict Low socioeconomic status

According to a 2014 study, which US ethnic and gender group exercises the MOST? Non-Latino White girls African American girls African American boys Non-Latino White boys

Non-Latino White boys

Dramatic biological changes, caused by a cascade of different hormones, that occurs during adolescence is referred to as what? Psychosocial development Fertility Secular trend Puberty

Puberty

Select all that apply A person suffering from bulimia nervosa will binge on food and then do which of the following? Purge by inducing vomiting Go into a very deep depression and never do it again Be contented with themselves for quite some time. Purge by using a laxative

Purge by inducing vomiting Purge by using a laxative

A higher concentration of the hormone __________ in boys leads to the development of genitals, a change in the voice, and an increase in height.

Testosterone

Which hormone is associated with the development of genitals, an increase in height, and a change in voice in boys? Estradiol Testosterone Estrogen Pitocin

Testosterone

Which hormones are present in BOTH boys and girls but dominate in gender specific ways during puberty? Serotonin Testosterone Estradiol Testestradiol

Testosterone Estradiol

True or false: Gay and lesbian youths have diverse patterns of initial attraction. True False

True

True or false: Hormones affect adolescents' mood and behavior. True False

True

As a life period, _____________is a critical juncture in the adoption of behaviors relevant to health. (Watch your spelling!)

adolescence

Select all that apply According to research, sexual intercourse before age 14 was linked to which behaviors later in life? antisocial behavior prosocial behavior increased use of drugs and alcohol avoidance of drugs and alcohol

antisocial behavior increased use of drugs and alcohol

Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a ______ pattern. manic-depressed diet-and-overeat binge-and-purge starve-and-sleep

binge-and-purge

Behaviors such as stress, exercise, eating patterns, and tension ________ various aspects of the hormonal system. can only suppress can only activate can neither activate nor suppress can activate or suppress

can activate or suppress

G. Stanley Hall maintained that adolescence is a time marked by recklessness and violence. conflict and mood swings. stoicism and tranquility. depression and anxiety.

conflict and mood swings.

According to Kuhn, by the time a child reaches adolescence there is ______ in cognitive functioning across individuals. slight variability slight similarity considerable similarity considerable variability

considerable variability

A national study revealed that physical activity ______ until 13 years of age in boys and girls then ______ through 18 years of age. increased; stayed the same decreased; increased increased; decreased decreased; decreased

decreased; increased

Puberty is a period of rapid physical maturation that occurs primarily during early adolescence. middle adolescence. early adulthood. late adolescence.

early adolescence.

Adolescent __________ is a word that describes the heightened self-consciousness of adolescents.

egocentrism

From 1991 to 2015, which of the following trends occurred among American adolescents? more adolescents engaged in sexual activity than in previous years adolescents were more emotionally prepared to have sexual activity than in previous years fewer adolescents engaged in sexual activity than in previous years adolescents were less emotionally prepared to have sexual activity than in previous years

fewer adolescents engaged in sexual activity than in previous years

According to Piaget, the fourth and final stage of cognitive development is the __________ operational stage.

formal

Activities, interests, styles of behavior, and an indication of sexual orientation are aspects of an individual's sexual ____________.

identity

The percentage of overweight 12- to 19-year-old Americans ______ from the early 1990s through 2011-2012. leveled off decreased increased did not change

increased

Some of the most visible changes of physical maturation are increases in height and weight. increase in height and decrease in weight. increase in estrogen levels. increase in testosterone levels.

increases in height and weight.

Researchers have found that U.S. adolescents are ______ to use condoms than their European counterparts. as likely more likely less likely

less likely

For most people, puberty ______. marks the beginning of adolescence, and it ends before adolescence ends has a clear beginning and end that experts can pinpoint is a single, sudden event that occurs in middle childhood involves hormonal changes but not physical changes

marks the beginning of adolescence, and it ends before adolescence ends

The majority of adolescents will eventually develop a(n) ______ sexual identity. confused mature unexplored immature

mature

The onset of a girl's first menstrual period is commonly referred to as ____________.

menarche or menarch

In cross-cultural comparisons, the United States has ______ rates of adolescent pregnancy. one of the lowest average one of the highest reasonable

one of the highest

According to research, being obese in adolescence is ______ obesity in emerging adulthood. unrelated to inversely correlated with required of predictive of

predictive of

The most important marker for the beginning of adolescence is ____________ , which ends long before adolescence ends.

puberty.

Despite the decline in adolescent pregnancy in the 1990s, _______ continues to have one of the highest rates. France the U.S. Japan Holland

the U.S.

Some of the most visible changes of puberty are sexual maturation and increases in height and __________.

weight

Click and drag on elements in order In what order do the following male characteristics of puberty typically develop? (This list is not exhaustive.)

1. Increase in penis and testicle size. 2. Appearance of straight pubic hair. 3. Minor voice change 4. First ejaculation 5. Onset of maximum growth in height and weight. 6. Growth of facial hair.

Compared to other ethnic groups, more _______ adolescents (grades 9 though 12) reported having experienced sexual intercourse and having done so before 13 years of age. Asian American African American non-Latino White Latino

African American

Which US ethnic and gender group exercises the LEAST, according to a 2014 national study? Non-Latino White boys Asian girls Latino boys African American girls

African American girls

Rachel is obsessed with being thin, and she weighs and starves herself frequently. She also looks at herself critically in the mirror. Rachel most likely suffers from which of the following? Bulimia nervosa Binge eating Anorexia nervosa Obesity

Anorexia nervosa

In terms of the timing of puberty, how do children in the United States compare with children in European countries? Children in European countries mature up to three years earlier than children in the United States. Children in the United States mature up to three years earlier than children in European countries. Children in the United States mature up to one year earlier than children in European countries. Children in European countries mature up to one year earlier than children in the United States.

Children in the United States mature up to one year earlier than children in European countries.

True or false: It takes at least three acts of unprotected sex with an infected partner to contract sexually transmitted infections, such as genital herpes and gonorrhea. True False

False

True or false: The high rate of adolescent pregnancy in the U.S. is due in part to the fact that U.S. teens are more sexually active than their counterparts in other industrialized nations. True False

False

According to Piaget, what is the fourth and final stage of cognitive development? Formal operational stage Concrete abstraction stage Concrete operational stage Formal abstract stage

Formal operational stage

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the first several years after a girl first starts her period? She may not ovulate every menstrual cycle. Her menstrual cycles are regular at first and gradually become irregular. Her menstrual cycles may be highly irregular. She may not ovulate until a year or two after menstruation begins.

Her menstrual cycles are regular at first and gradually become irregular.

Select all that apply Which of the following are proven effects of exercise in adolescence? Lower blood pressure and lower risk for type II diabetes Regulation of weight status Reduced triglyceride levels Increased ability to regulate emotions

Lower blood pressure and lower risk for type II diabetes Regulation of weight status Reduced triglyceride levels

Select all that apply Which of the following criteria are recommended for effective schools for young adolescents? Lower student-to-counselor ratios Teaching from a fixed curriculum Boosting students' health and fitness The involvement of parents

Lower student-to-counselor ratios Boosting students' health and fitness The involvement of parents

What type of reasons do students give 50% of the time for dropping out of school? School-related reasons Personal reasons Job-related reasons Early college entrance

School-related reasons

What type of learning comes in the form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community? Control-group learning Community learning Service learning School learning

Service learning

What was G. Stanley Hall's proposed view of adolescents called? The "storm-and-stress" view The "cool-and-calm" view The "fight-and-flight" view The "conflict-and-mood" view

The "storm-and-stress" view

Where is the sleep-inducing hormone melatonin produced? The adrenal gland The pituitary gland The thyroid gland The pineal gland

The pineal gland

Moving from being the biggest and oldest students in elementary school to being the youngest and least powerful students in middle school is best described by which term? King-of-the-castle phenomenon Biggest-and-best phenomenon Top-dog phenomenon Ruler-of-the-school phenomenon

Top-dog phenomenon

The fuzzy-trace theory dual-process model states that decision making is influenced by only analytical cognitive systems. both analytical and experiential cognitive systems. only experiential cognitive systems.

both analytical and experiential cognitive systems.

A girl's first menstruation is called menstrual cycle. puberty. ovulation. menarche.

menarche.

Almost half of all deaths from 15 to 24 years of age are due to unintentional accidents, many of which involve knives and guns. motor vehicles. poisoning. falls.

motor vehicles.

Early ___________ activity in early adolescence is linked with risky behaviors such as drug use, delinquency, and school-related problems.

sexual

Melatonin is secreted at about 9:30 p.m. in younger adolescents and approximately ______ in older adolescents. 2.5 hours later 1 hour later 1 hour earlier 2 hours later

1 hour later

At what age do boys begin to surpass girls in weight? 14 8 18 10

14

According to research, what percentage of adolescents did not use any contraceptive method during their last sexual encounter? 34% 74% 54% 14%

14%

In 2016, about ______ of ninth graders in the United States reported being sexually active. 50% 30% 15% 75%

15%

The growth spurt in girls occurs approximately __________ years earlier than for boys.

2

In the U.S., more than ______ million of sexually active adolescents have contracted an STI. 3 7 1 5

3

What percentage of U.S. 15- to 19-year-old boys have engaged in oral sex? 37% 75% 99% 51%

51%

Researchers have found that among female adolescents who had oral-genital sex first, _____ reported having a teen pregnancy. 20% 14% 8% 32%

8%

A delay in the release of melatonin would most likely result in which of the following? A delay in one's period of sleepiness A delay in one's period of hunger A delay in one's reaction to temperature A delay in one's reaction to pain

A delay in one's period of sleepiness

Select all that apply Which of the following characterize G. Stanley Hall's concept of adolescence? A stress-free time of emotional maturity A time of oscillating thoughts and feelings A turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings A time when actions are predictable

A time of oscillating thoughts and feelings A turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings

Select all that apply What are the THREE leading causes of death in adolescents in the U.S.? Accidental injury Suicide Heart disease Homicide

Accidental injury Suicide Homicide

Regarding adolescents' participation in extracurricular activities, which of the following statements is FALSE? Adolescents that participate in extracurricular activities are less likely to drop out of school. Adolescents benefit more by focusing on one or two extracurricular activities, rather than participating in several activities. Supportive adult mentors are an important component of high-quality extracurricular activities. Participation in extracurricular activities is linked with better mental health.

Adolescents benefit more by focusing on one or two extracurricular activities, rather than participating in several activities.

Select all that apply According to the dual-process model, decision making is influenced by which systems? Creative Analytical Emotional Intuitional

Analytical Intuitional

Which eating disorder involves a relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation? Anorexia nervosa Yo-yo dieting Bulimia nervosa Binge eating

Anorexia nervosa

Which of the following physical changes typically occurs FIRST in females during puberty? Onset of menstruation occurs. Hair in the armpits appears. Breasts enlarge. Height and weight increase.

Breasts enlarge.

In comparison with adolescents in 28 countries, U.S. and ______ adolescents were more likely to eat fried food and less likely to eat fruits and vegetables than adolescents in other countries. Japanese British Chinese French

British

Katie is 15 years of age and of normal weight. On Saturdays and Sundays, Katie eats pints of ice cream, cupcakes, cookies, pizza, and potato chips, and then she uses laxatives for three days. Katie is exhibiting characteristics of which eating disorder? Bulimia nervosa Orthoreixa Binge eating disorder Anorexia nervosa

Bulimia nervosa

Select all that apply Executive functioning strengthens in adolescence and contributes to improvements in which of the following? Critical thinking Personal fables Self-control Decision making

Critical thinking Self-control Decision making

Low levels of exercise are related to which of the following? More parental conflict Lower grades and impaired study skills Depressive symptoms in young adolescents Poor social skills and fewer friends

Depressive symptoms in young adolescents

Select all that apply Zack is 14 and he eats well and exercises regularly. Research shows that this behavior will help to delay or prevent which of the following? Disabilities Certain diseases Mortality from certain illnesses Developmental delays

Disabilities Certain diseases Mortality from certain illnesses

Select all that apply Which of the following is linked to early sexual activity? Drug use Higher sexual satisfaction Delinquency School-related problems

Drug use Delinquency School-related problems

Which of the following statements about adolescent brain development is true? The corpus callosum thins during adolescence. During adolescence, the different regions of the brain develop at varying speeds. During adolescence, the brain undergoes few changes. By the end of adolescence, the brain is fully developed.

During adolescence, the different regions of the brain develop at varying speeds.

The hormone most closely associated with female development is __________.

Estradiol

Which hormone is associated with breast, uterine, and skeletal development in girls? Thyroid Estradiol Testosterone Estesterone

Estradiol

__________ functioning is an umbrella-like concept that consists of a number of higher-level cognitive processes linked to the development of the prefrontal cortex.

Executive

What term is used to describe the most important cognitive change in adolescence involving cognitive control, making decisions, and monitoring thinking critically? Operational cognitive process Executive cognitions Executive functioning Formal cognitions

Executive functioning

True or false: Cognitive control increases throughout adolescence but levels off in adulthood. True False

False

Select all that apply While the U.S. continues to have high rates of adolescent pregnancy, pregnancy rates have declined in recent decades likely due to what factors? Fear of sexually transmitted infections Health classes Lower rates of sexual activity Higher hopes for the future

Fear of sexually transmitted infections Health classes

Select all that apply What are some reasons why the teenage birth rate in the U.S. has decreased? Fear of sexually transmitted infections School/community health classes Fear of school expulsion Fear of being a social outcast

Fear of sexually transmitted infections School/community health classes

Which of the following statements regarding hormones and gender is FALSE? Estradiol dominates in female pubertal development. Females do not experience any increase in levels of testosterone during puberty. Testosterone and estradiol levels increase in both boys and girls during puberty. Testosterone increases eighteenfold in boys during puberty.

Females do not experience any increase in levels of testosterone during puberty.

______ youths have diverse patterns of initial attraction, often have bisexual attractions, and may have physical attractions to same-sex individuals without falling in love with them. Heterosexual Gay and lesbian Urban Highly social

Gay and lesbian

Select all that apply Participation in extracurricular activities has been linked to which of the following? Increased delinquency Higher self-esteem Decreased rates of dropping out of school Higher grades Decreased rates of college attendance

Higher self-esteem Decreased rates of dropping out of school Higher grades

The __________ that produce the changes associated with puberty are powerful chemical substances that are carried through the body by the bloodstream.

Hormones

Which of the following is the general term for the chemical substances that are secreted by the endocrine glands? Pituitary fluids Hormones Gonadotropins Testosterones

Hormones

______ students were twice as likely as their peers to cite economic reasons for dropping out of school. African American Asian American Non-Latino White Latino

Latino

Select all that apply What components are involved in adolescents' executive functioning? Emotional rigor Making decisions Thinking critically Cognitive control

Making decisions Thinking critically Cognitive control

__________________ is the period of rapid physical growth and hormonal changes during early adolescence that prepares the body for reproduction.

Puberty

Select all that apply Which conditions should be met for an effective service learning experience? Students should set clear goals before beginning their service learning. Students should have some degree of choice in the service activity in which they participate. Students should be given ample opportunity to reflect about their experience. Students should be obliged to participate in a program in which they lack experience.

Students should have some degree of choice in the service activity in which they participate. Students should be given ample opportunity to reflect about their experience.

Which of the following statements about adolescent drug use in the United States is TRUE? The rates of illicit drug use by U.S. adolescents decreased dramatically between 2000 and 2010. The United States has one of the highest rates of adolescent drug use compared to other industrialized nations. The use of marijuana by teenagers in the U.S. decreased between 2008 and 2011. The rates of illicit drug use by U.S. adolescents increased dramatically between 2000 and 2010.

The United States has one of the highest rates of adolescent drug use compared to other industrialized nations.

Which of the following best explains the changes that occur during puberty? Puberty is activated by moods. The hormones and behaviors that lead to puberty must be nurtured. There is a basic genetic program that controls puberty. The changes are too complex to be explained.

There is a basic genetic program that controls puberty.

Select all that apply What are some of typical experiences during childhood for gays and lesbians? They gradually become aware of their homosexuality in mid- to late adolescence. They do not struggle with same-sex attractions. They do not engage in heterosexual dating. They engage in heterosexual dating.

They gradually become aware of their homosexuality in mid- to late adolescence. They do not engage in heterosexual dating.

Cognitive control involves effective control of ______, reducing interfering thoughts, and being cognitively flexible. memory function attention creativity

attention

If marijuana is subtracted from the annual use figures, illicit drug use among U.S. students ______ from 2006 through 2017. tripled doubled increased declined

declined

The rate of births to U.S. adolescent girls has ______ since 1991. leveled off increased risen dramatically declined

declined

In the United States, the average age of menarche has ______ since the mid-nineteenth century. increased significantly increased slightly declined slightly declined significantly

declined significantly

One goal in creating more effective schools for young adolescents is to lessen the ______ nature of middle schools. collaborative impersonal undersized personal

impersonal

Savannah's breasts have begun to enlarge and pubic hair has appeared. She has begun going through a period of rapid physical maturation called menarche. post-adolescence. puberty. sexuality.

puberty.

Especially in early adolescence, many adolescents are not emotionally prepared to handle ______ experiences. cognitive social physical sexual

sexual

Adolescence is a time when ______ is incorporated into one's identity. doubt identity generativity sexuality emotional reaction

sexuality

According to some research, ______ factors were better predictors of young adolescent girls' depression and anger than hormonal factors. cognitive physical ethnic social

social

Pubertal changes in boys and girls are caused by a flood of hormones which are discharged by ______. the exocrine glands the liver the skin the endocrine glands

the endocrine glands

When transitioning to middle school, students experience the __________-__________ phenomenon, moving from being the oldest, biggest, and most powerful students in elementary school to being the youngest, smallest, and least powerful students in middle school.

top ; dog

According to Deanna Kuhn, young children attain largely ______ cognitive levels, whereas older children and adolescents approach cognitive levels that they _______ obtain. individual; may or may not universal; will universal; may or may not individual; will not

universal; may or may not

A recent national study found that adolescent girls ______ to have engaged in 60 minutes or more of vigorous exercise per day in 5 of the last 7 days. were just as likely as boys were less likely than boys were more likely than boys

were less likely than boys

Gonorrhea, chlamydia, and genital herpes are all examples of ______ sexually transmitted infections that sexual partners are relatively ______ to contract. widespread; likely widespread; unlikely rare; likely rare; unlikely

widespread; likely

Greta is 10 years old; she has just had her first period. Greta is experiencing precocious puberty. within the normal range for menarche. outside the normal range for menarche. experiencing delayed puberty.

within the normal range for menarche.